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Sarufutsu 猿払村 | |
|---|---|
 Sarufutsu Park | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Location of Sarufutsu in Hokkaido (Sōya Subprefecture) | |
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  Sarufutsu Location in Japan | |
| Coordinates:45°19′50″N142°6′32″E / 45.33056°N 142.10889°E /45.33056; 142.10889 | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Hokkaido |
| Prefecture | Hokkaido (Sōya Subprefecture) |
| District | Sōya |
| Area | |
• Total | 589.99 km2 (227.80 sq mi) |
| Population (June 30, 2024) | |
• Total | 2,647 |
| • Density | 4.5/km2 (12/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 (JST) |
| City hall address | 172 Onishibetsu-nishi, Sarufutsu-mura, Sōya-gun, Hokkaidō 098-6292 |
| Climate | Dfb |
| Website | Official website |
| Symbols | |
| Flower | Vaccinium vitis-idaea |
| Tree | Rowan |
Sarufutsu (猿払村,Sarufutsu-mura) is avillage located inSōya Subprefecture,Hokkaido,Japan. As of 30 June 2024[update], the village had an estimatedpopulation of 2,647 in 1,305 households, and apopulation density of 4.5 people per km2.[1] The total area of the village is 589.99 km2 (227.80 sq mi).
Sarufutsu is the northernmost village in Japan and is the largest village in Hokkaido in area. Located on the Tonbetsu Plain, it faces theSea of Okhotsk to the east where, during the winter, there isdrift ice.[2] The western part is hilly and mountainous. 80% of the village's total area is covered by forests. Parts of the village are within the borders of theNorth Okhotsk Prefectural Natural Park.[3]
Sarufutsu has cold and temperate climate considered to be Dfb according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. There is a considerable amount of rainfall even during months that typically experience dry weather. The average annual temperature in Sarufutsu is 6.0 °C. Each year, there is an approximate 1089 mm of precipitation. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 19.3 °C, and lowest in January, at around -6.5 °C.[4]
| Climate data forHamaonishibetsu, Sarufutsu (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1978−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.1 (41.2) | 9.3 (48.7) | 14.5 (58.1) | 22.4 (72.3) | 27.6 (81.7) | 28.3 (82.9) | 32.7 (90.9) | 32.4 (90.3) | 30.8 (87.4) | 23.3 (73.9) | 18.3 (64.9) | 11.1 (52.0) | 32.7 (90.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −3.2 (26.2) | −2.9 (26.8) | 0.9 (33.6) | 7.1 (44.8) | 12.2 (54.0) | 15.2 (59.4) | 19.1 (66.4) | 21.7 (71.1) | 19.7 (67.5) | 13.7 (56.7) | 5.5 (41.9) | −0.9 (30.4) | 9.0 (48.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.9 (21.4) | −6.0 (21.2) | −2.1 (28.2) | 3.5 (38.3) | 8.2 (46.8) | 11.8 (53.2) | 15.9 (60.6) | 18.4 (65.1) | 15.5 (59.9) | 9.4 (48.9) | 2.2 (36.0) | −3.5 (25.7) | 5.6 (42.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.8 (14.4) | −10.9 (12.4) | −6.5 (20.3) | −0.5 (31.1) | 4.4 (39.9) | 8.5 (47.3) | 13.1 (55.6) | 15.2 (59.4) | 10.8 (51.4) | 4.5 (40.1) | −1.5 (29.3) | −7.0 (19.4) | 1.7 (35.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.6 (−15.9) | −27.2 (−17.0) | −23.9 (−11.0) | −12.2 (10.0) | −5.6 (21.9) | −2.2 (28.0) | 1.7 (35.1) | 5.2 (41.4) | 0.5 (32.9) | −4.6 (23.7) | −13.2 (8.2) | −18.1 (−0.6) | −27.2 (−17.0) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 61.1 (2.41) | 42.7 (1.68) | 45.1 (1.78) | 42.7 (1.68) | 62.5 (2.46) | 63.0 (2.48) | 109.2 (4.30) | 125.7 (4.95) | 119.6 (4.71) | 118.0 (4.65) | 110.6 (4.35) | 91.2 (3.59) | 995.0 (39.17) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 205 (81) | 161 (63) | 126 (50) | 18 (7.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 75 (30) | 196 (77) | 780 (307) |
| Average rainy days | 17.9 | 13.4 | 12.7 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 9.3 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 17.6 | 18.8 | 156.5 |
| Average snowy days | 22.3 | 19.4 | 16.0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 8.0 | 19.8 | 88.1 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 68.4 | 97.9 | 149.2 | 179.8 | 177.1 | 139.0 | 119.1 | 141.6 | 175.7 | 146.5 | 79.7 | 61.2 | 1,530.3 |
| Source 1:JMA[5] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:JMA[6] | |||||||||||||
Per Japanese census data, the population of Sarufutsu is as shown below:
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1940 | 5,401 | — |
| 1950 | 7,429 | +37.5% |
| 1960 | 8,319 | +12.0% |
| 1970 | 4,818 | −42.1% |
| 1980 | 3,358 | −30.3% |
| 1990 | 3,206 | −4.5% |
| 2000 | 2,980 | −7.0% |
| 2010 | 2,825 | −5.2% |
| 2020 | 2,611 | −7.6% |
From around the middle of theEdo period, fishing grounds were established under a land contract system managed byMatsumae Domain. The name of "Sarufutsu" derives from theAinu language wordsar-put, which translates "river mouth reed plains", and which referred to a river which flows through the village. In 1878, Sarufutsu Village was established inSōya District,Kitami Province. In 1909 it was merged with neighboring Soya Village (now part of Wakkanai City), and separated back out as a second-class municipality in October 1924. In 1936, a telephone relay station was established in Sarufutsu, which connectedKarafuto withHonshu via asubmarine cable. In December 1934, the Soviet prison shipSS Indigirka ran aground at Hamaonishibetsu in Sarufutsu, with the death of 741 prisoners. Acenotaph at Sarufutsu commemorates the tragic event.[7]
In June 1942, construction of the Asajino Airfield of theImperial Japanese Army Air Force began. Both the first and second airfields were completed at the end of 1944. Many villagers were mobilized for labor service as well as many Koreanforced labourers. Approximately 80 Koreans died over the course of construction from abuse or malnutrition. In 2014, the village attempted to construct a monument in memory of the Korean prisoners who died there. However, construction was cancelled after Japanese nationalists orchestrated a protest movement via the internet. The village office was overwhelmed with threatening phone calls, who called the office workers traitors, and threatened the village with a boycott of its scallop industry.[8]
Sarufutsu has amayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and aunicameral village council of eight members. Sarufutsu, as part of Soya sub-prefecture, contributes one member to the Hokkaido Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the village is part of theHokkaido 12th district of thelower house of theDiet of Japan.
The local economy of Sarufutsu is centered oncommercial fishing anddairy farming. In particular, Sarufutsu is famous for itsscallops, with one of the largest catches in Japan. Sarufutsu scallops were exported even toHong Kong from theMeiji period. In the immediate post-war era,coal mining and forestry also had a role in the local economy, but when these resources were exhausted, the local government took steps to revive the scallop industry through better resource management and local food processing.. Sarufutsu has a fledgling tourist industry, as it is a highlight for motor bikers in the summer, who stop overnight at one of the biker camps. The tourist center is located a few kilometers south of Hamaonishibetsu.
Sarufutsu has four public elementary schools and one public junior high school operated by the village government. The village does not have a high school.
Sarufutsu has not had any passenger railway services since the closing of theJR HokkaidoTempoku Line in 1989. The nearest railway station isMinami-Wakkanai Station orOtoineppu Station on theSōya Main Line.
Sarufutsu's mascot isSaruppu (さるっぷ). He is a Japanese macaque who moved to Hokkaido. He is a skilled dancer and scallop sculptor. He also likes to travel around the world. His favourite foods are scallops and milk.[9][10]
Media related toSarufutsu, Hokkaidō at Wikimedia Commons
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