| English: Beautiful Rwanda | |
|---|---|
National anthem of  Rwanda | |
| Lyrics | Faustin Murigo, 1990s |
| Music | Jean-Bosco Hashakaimana |
| Adopted | 1 January 2002[1] |
| Preceded by | "Rwanda Rwacu" |
| Audio sample | |
U.S. Navy Band instrumental version | |
"Rwanda Nziza" (Kinyarwanda:[ɾɡwɑː.ndɑnzǐː.zɑ], "Beautiful Rwanda") has been thenational anthem ofRwanda since January 1, 2002.[1] It replaced "Rwanda Rwacu", which was the original national anthem until the1994 genocide against the Tutsis.[1][2]
Rwanda's original national anthem, written when the country achieved independencefrom Belgium in 1962, was called "Rwanda Rwacu" ("Our Rwanda"). Independence was achieved at a time of high tension, following theRwandan Revolution: centuries of rule by the minorityTutsi group had been overturned in just three years, the majorityHutu taking power in a violent upheaval, and forcing more than 100,000 to seek refuge in neighbouring countries.[3][4] The subsequent thirty years, under the presidencies ofGrégoire Kayibanda andJuvénal Habyarimana, were marked by continued cycles of violence,[5] culminating in the 1990s with the launch of theRwandan Civil War by exiled Tutsi led byPaul Kagame,[6] theassassination of President Habyarimana, and the 1994Rwandan genocide, in which between 500,000 and 1,000,000[7] Tutsi and politically moderate Hutu were killed by Hutu extremists, on the orders of the interim government, in the space of just 100 days.[8]
The genocide was ended when Kagame's rebel army took control of the country in July 1994.[9] A period of "reconciliation" began, as a unity government took control of the country.[10] Kagame was thede facto leader from this point on,[11] and assumed the presidency in 2000.[12] As part of this effort, and ostensibly to signal a break with the country's violent past, the government enacted an overhaul of the country's symbols, including theflag, thecoat of arms and the national anthem.[13] However, some Rwandans at the time expressed doubts about the stated reasoning and merely viewed all this as an attempt by the rulingRwandan Patriotic Front to assert its political power by changing established state symbols.[14]
To commission the lyrics and music for the new state anthem, the government organized a national contest.[13] "Rwanda Nziza" represented the winning entry, with lyrics composed by Faustin Murigo of Karubanda prison, and melody by Captain Jean-Bosco Hashakaimana of the Rwandan army brass band.[1] "Rwanda Nziza" became the official anthem of Rwanda on 1 January 2002.[1]
| Kinyarwanda lyrics[15] | IPA transcription[a] |
|---|---|
I | 1 |
| Swahili lyrics | French lyrics | English translation |
|---|---|---|
I | I | I |
