Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Rufous-browed peppershrike

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Species of bird

Rufous-browed peppershrike
C. g. ochrocephala feeding on a larva inSão Paulo, Brazil
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain:Eukaryota
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Passeriformes
Family:Vireonidae
Genus:Cyclarhis
Species:
C. gujanensis
Binomial name
Cyclarhis gujanensis
(Gmelin, JF, 1789)
Synonyms

Therufous-browed peppershrike (Cyclarhis gujanensis) is apasserinebird in thevireo family. It is widespread and often common in woodland, forest edge, and cultivation with some tall trees fromMexico andTrinidad south toArgentina andUruguay.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The rufous-browed peppershrike wasformally described in 1789 by the German naturalistJohann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition ofCarl Linnaeus'sSystema Naturae. He placed it in thegenusTanagra and coined thebinomial nameTanagra gujanensis.[2][3] The specific epithet is derived from thetype locality, the Guianas.[4] Gmelin based his account on "Le verderoux" fromFrench Guiana that had been described in 1778 by the French polymathComte de Buffon in his multivolumeHistoire Naturelle des Oiseaux.[5] The rufous-browed peppershrike is now placed with theblack-billed peppershrike in the genusCyclarhis that was introduced in 1824 byWilliam Swainson.[6]

Twenty twosubspecies are recognised:[6]

  • C. g. septentrionalisPhillips, AR, 1991 – east Mexico
  • C. g. flaviventrisLafresnaye, 1842 – southeast Mexico (exceptYucatán Peninsula), Guatemala and north Honduras
  • C. g. yucatanensisRidgway, 1887 –Yucatán Peninsula (southeast Mexico)
  • C. g. insularis Ridgway, 1885 –Cozumel (off southeast Mexico)
  • C. g. nicaraguae Miller, W &Griscom, 1925 – south Mexico to Nicaragua
  • C. g. subflavescensCabanis, 1861 – Costa Rica and west Panama
  • C. g. perrygoiWetmore, 1950 – central west Panama
  • C. g. flavens Wetmore, 1950 – east Panama
  • C. g. coibaeHartert, EJO, 1901 –Coiba (off southwest Panama)
  • C. g. canticaBangs, 1898 – north, central Colombia
  • C. g. flavipectusSclater, PL, 1859 – northeast Venezuela and Trinidad
  • C. g. parvaChapman, 1917 – northeast Colombia and north Venezuela
  • C. g. gujanensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789) – east Colombia and south Venezuela through the Guianas to northeast, central Brazil and east Peru
  • C. g. cearensisBaird, SF, 1866 – east Brazil
  • C. g. ochrocephalaTschudi, 1845 – southeast Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and northeast Argentina
  • C. g. viridis (Vieillot, 1822) – Paraguay and north Argentina
  • C. g. virenticeps Sclater, PL, 1860 – west Ecuador and northwest Peru
  • C. g. contrerasiTaczanowski, 1879 – southeast Ecuador and north Peru
  • C. g. saturataZimmer, JT, 1925 – central Peru
  • C. g. paxBond, J &Meyer de Schauensee, 1942 – central east Bolivia
  • C. g. dorsalis Zimmer, JT, 1942 – central Bolivia
  • C. g. tarijae Bond, J & Meyer de Schauensee, 1942 – southeast Bolivia and northwest Argentina

Description

[edit]

The adult rufous-browed peppershrike is approximately 15 cm (5.9 in) long and weighs 28 g (0.99 oz).[7] It is bull-headed with a thick, somewhatshrike-like bill, which typically is blackish below and pinkish-grey above. The head is grey with a strongrufous eyebrow. The crown is often tinged with brown. The upperparts are green, and the yellow throat and breast shade into a white belly. Thesubspeciesochrocephala from the south-eastern part of its range has a shorter rufous eyebrow and a brown-tinged crown, while the subspeciesvirenticeps,contrerasi andsaturata from north-westernPeru and westernEcuador have greenish-yellow (not grey, as in the "typical" subspecies) nape, auriculars and cheeks.

The song is a whistled phrase with the rhythm"Do you wash every week?", but there are extensive variations depending on both individual and range. It is often heard but hard to see as it feeds oninsects andspiders high in the foliage, though it has been observed to take smalllizards as well.[8]

Behaviour and ecology

[edit]

The nest is a flimsy cup high in a tree with a typical clutch of two or three pinkish-white eggs lightly blotched with brown. Like most vireos, the peppershrike ejects parasitic cowbird eggs.

Problems playing this file? Seemedia help.

Image gallery

[edit]
  • A bird on its nest, 10 m above a stream near El Copey de Dota, Costa Rica, illustrating how cryptic the nests can be.
    A bird on its nest, 10 m above a stream near El Copey de Dota,Costa Rica, illustrating how cryptic the nests can be.
  • Illustration of C. g. contrerasi
    Illustration ofC. g. contrerasi
  • Individual from Goiânia, Brazil
    Individual fromGoiânia,Brazil

References

[edit]
  1. ^BirdLife International (2018)."Cyclarhis gujanensis".IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.2018: e.T22705124A130370830.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22705124A130370830.en. Retrieved12 November 2021.
  2. ^Gmelin, Johann Friedrich (1789).Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 2 (13th ed.). Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 893.
  3. ^Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968).Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 105–106.
  4. ^Jobling, James A. (2010).The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 181.ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  5. ^Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de (1778)."Le verderoux".Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux (in French). Vol. 4. Paris: De l'Imprimerie Royale. p. 278.
  6. ^abGill, Frank; Donsker, David;Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2023)."Shrikes, vireos, shrike-babblers".IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved30 March 2023.
  7. ^Brewer, D.; Orenstein, R.A. (2010)."Family Vireonidae (Vireos)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.).Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 15: Weavers to New World Warblers. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 378–439 [415].ISBN 978-84-96553-68-2.
  8. ^Delgado-V., Carlos A.; Brooks, Daniel M. (2003)."Unusual vertebrate prey taken by Neotropical birds"(PDF).Ornitología Colombiana.1:63–65.
  • ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton; Eckelberry, Don R. (1991).A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd ed.). Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing.ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
  • Hilty, Steven L. (2003).Birds of Venezuela. Christopher Helm.ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.

Further reading

[edit]

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toCyclarhis gujanensis.
Wikispecies has information related toCyclarhis gujanensis.
Cyclarhis gujanensis
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rufous-browed_peppershrike&oldid=1284692318"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp