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In medieval times the region was a part of theBishopric of Würzburg. When the clerical states of Germany were dissolved in 1803, it fell toBavaria. The district of Rhön-Grabfeld was established in 1972, when the former districts of Bad Neustadt, Königshofen and Mellrichstadt were merged.
The district consists of two distinct areas: The eastern parts of theRhön mountains and the Bavarian portion ofGrabfeld.
Grabfeld is a fertile region south of theRhön mountains. Literally it means "digfield". According to local legend a queen once lost her beloved ring in the Grabfeld. She ordered her servants to dig up the whole area. When the ring was found, she was relieved and ordered a royal estate to be built where it was found. Later this estate became the city of Königshofen.
The source of theFränkische Saale is located in the district. The river runs through the district from north to south.