Rhône-Alpes (French pronunciation:[ʁonalp]ⓘ)[2] was anadministrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new regionAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes.[3] It is located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the riverRhône and theAlps mountain range. Its capital,Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris. Rhône-Alpes has the sixth-largest economy of any European region.
Rhône-Alpes is located in the southeast of France. The neighboring (pre-2016) regions areBourgogne (Burgundy) andFranche-Comté to the north,Auvergne to the west,Languedoc-Roussillon to the southwest, andProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur to the south. The eastern part of the region is in theAlps, and borders Switzerland and Italy. The highest peak isMont Blanc, on the French-Italian border. The central part of the region comprises the river valleys of theRhône and theSaône. The confluence of these two rivers is at Lyon. The western part of the region contains the start of theMassif Central mountain range. The region also borders or contains major lakes such asLake Geneva (Lac Léman) andLake Annecy. TheArdèche flows through the southwest portion of the region, where it has carved the deepest gorge in Europe.
As with the rest of France, French is the only official language of the region. Until the mid-20th century,Arpitan was widely spoken in the whole region, while many of the inhabitants of the south spoke varieties ofOccitan; both are in steep decline in this region. There are immigrant populations from Armenia, Italy, North Africa, Poland and Portugal, and elsewhere.
Rhône-Alpes is made up of the followingdepartments:
Although there have been people in Rhône-Alpes since pre-historic times, the earliest recorded settlers of the region were the Gauls (Celts). Cities such as Lyon were founded by them and the region traded with both northern and southern Europe. Most of the area became part ofRoman territory during the invasion of Celtic Gaul led byJulius Caesar and was at various times part of the regions of Lugdunensis and Gallia. Lyon itself became a major city in theRoman Empire.
The region, excepting Savoy, was part of the Merovingian and Carolingian Kingdoms before becoming a royal territory under the Capetians. As it became a royal territory early on in French history, its cultural, political and economic influences and developments paralleled those of greater France. (SeeHistory of France.)
Rhône-Alpes is a major European transit hub, linking northern France and Europe to theMediterranean area. Millions travel along its motorways in summertime from Paris to holidays at the sea. TheE15 Euroroute (Britain to Spain) runs through the region. There areinternational airports at Lyon, Grenoble and Saint-Étienne and many other minor airports and airfields.The region is also a transport hub for the rail network with theTGV running through Lyon from Paris and the north, to the Mediterranean. A high-speed rail link is planned from Lyon toTurin.
Rhône-Alpes is a prosperous region which can be seen by its per capita GDP of about €31,231 ($40,000), which is higher than the French average, and an average income of €35,910 ($50,246), its economy second in size only toÎle-de-France in France. This can be attributed to the diversity of the production in different sectors. The region is one of theFour Motors for Europe.
Situated between Paris and the Côte d’Azur, on the border with both Switzerland and Italy, and offering access to two international airports (Lyon andGeneva), rail connections and a vast motorway network, the Rhône-Alpes region is at "the crossroads of Europe".
Boasting eight natural parks and peerless sites such asMont Blanc and theGorges de l’Ardèche, Rhône-Alpes offers a wide range of different landscapes: mountains, vineyards and gentle valleys, fields of lavender and olive groves.
Every form of sport is readily available, set against a natural backdrop: skiing, hiking, mountain biking or even paragliding and canoeing. Besides hosting threeWinter Olympics games due to its being the largest ski area in the world[citation needed], Rhône-Alpes is the second most important golfing region in France with over 60 courses.
Enthusiasts of art and culture will not be disappointed by the region's Villes d’Art: Lyon, which is classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage site, Annecy, Grenoble, Chambéry, and Saint-Étienne.
Lyon is the home of very typical and traditional restaurants: thebouchons.Bouchons are usually convivial restaurants serving local dishes, and local wines.
