Political alliance between socialists or social democrats and greens or agrarians
Inpolitics , ared–green alliance orred–green coalition is an alliance of "red" (oftensocial-democratic ordemocratic socialist ) parties with "green" (oftengreen and/or occasionallyagrarian ) parties. The alliance is often based on common left political views, especially a shared distrust ofcorporate or capitalistinstitutions . While the "red" social-democratic parties tend to focus on the effects ofcapitalism on theworking class , the "green"environmentalist parties tend to focus on the environmental effects of capitalism.
[ edit ] There have been a number of red–green governments inEurope since the 1990s.
InGermany , a red–green coalition of theSocial Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) andAlliance '90/The Greens led byChancellor Gerhard Schröder formed the federal government from September 1998 to September 2005. This coalition, later headed byOlaf Scholz , governs Germany as a minority since November 2024 after the formertraffic light coalition collapsed. InFrance , the 'Plural Left ' coalition of theSocialist Party (PS),The Greens ,French Communist Party and allies governed from 1997 until 2002. TheAyrault government which governed from May 2012 until March 2014 had ministers affiliated with the PS,Radical Party of the Left (PRG) andEurope Ecology – The Greens . Thesecond Valls government (August 2014 to December 2016) andCazeneuve Government (December 2016 to May 2017) were both formed of ministers from the PS, PRG andEcologist Party . InFinland , Prime MinisterPaavo Lipponen 'sfirst andsecond cabinets contained ministers from theSocial Democratic Party of Finland (SDP), including Lipponen himself, and theGreen League . The Green League participated in government from April 1995 until May 2002. TheRinne Cabinet formed in June 2019 is formed by the SDP as largest party, in coalition with the Green League, agrarianCentre Party ,Swedish People's Party and Left Alliance. InNorway , theRed-Green Coalition of theLabour Party ,Socialist Left Party andCentre Party governed Norway as a majority government from the2005 general election until2013 . The 'green' element was the Centre Party, anagrarian party with green as its official color. InIceland , theFirst andSecond Cabinets of Prime MinisterJóhanna Sigurðardóttir were formed from a coalition of theSocial Democratic Alliance andLeft-Green Movement , governing from February 2009 to May 2013. InItaly , from 1996 to 2001 and 2006–2008, theProdi I ,D'Alema I ,D'Alema II ,Amato II andProdi II Cabinets included the social-democraticDemocrats of the Left (later to become theDemocratic Party ) as the largest party, with theFederation of the Greens receiving at least one ministry. However, unlike a straightforward red–green alliance, these centre-left cabinets involved a broad range of political parties that wereCatholic -inspiredChristian left ,social-liberal and evencommunist backgrounds. InDenmark , theThorning-Schmidt government , which governed from October 2011 to February 2014, contained theSocial Democrats as the largest party in coalition with theSocial Liberals andSocialist People's Party , the latter being a green party and member of theEuropean Green Party andGlobal Greens . InSweden , theLöfven I Cabinet established on 3 October 2014 was aminority government coalition of theSocial Democratic Party andGreens . This coalition was renewed on 21 January 2019 as theLöfven II Cabinet and 9 July 2021 as theLöfven III Cabinet , before being replaced on 30 November 2021 by theAndersson Cabinet , formed by the Social Democrats alone with external support from the Greens,Left Party and agrarianCentre Party . InPortugal , theFirst António Costa Cabinet established on 26 November 2015 was aminority government led by theSocialist Party with external support from theLeft Bloc ,Portuguese Communist Party andThe Greens , which governed until 26 October 2019. [ edit ] Ared–red–green coalition orred–green–red coalition is aleft-wing alliance of two "red"social democratic ,democratic socialist , orsocialist parties with one "green "environmentalist party. In France,Jean-Luc Mélenchon 'sNew Ecologic and Social People's Union is an example of a left–green alliance.[ 1] [ 2]
[ edit ] Political parties orjoint electoral lists have been formed over the years, most often betweensocialists and left-orientedgreens . Example include:
GreenLeft of theNetherlands : a political party that began in 1989 as apolitical alliance comprising theCommunist Party of the Netherlands ,Pacifist Socialist Party and theChristian left partiesEvangelical People's Party andPolitical Party of Radicals . The alliance had been known asRainbow for the1989 European elections .Unity List – The Red–Greens of Denmark: a political party, originally a political alliance, formed in 1989 by theLeft Socialists (VS),Communist Party of Denmark (DKP) andSocialist Workers Party (SAP).TheNordic Green Left Alliance was a European political alliance formed by theLeft Alliance (Finland ), theLeft-Green Movement Iceland ), theLeft Party (Sweden ), theSocialist Left Party (Norway ) and theSocialist People's Party (Denmark ). TheMEPs of the NGLA sat in theEuropean United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) group in the European Parliament, although the MEPs of the Socialist People's Party sat inThe Greens–European Free Alliance (G/EFA) group and later joined theEuropean Green Party . Left Ecology Freedom (SEL): a former political party inItaly that was initially formed as a political alliance comprising socialists, greens and social democrats. The political alliance was itself a partial successor to the short-livedThe Left – The Rainbow electoral alliance which had existed in Italy from December 2007 until May 2008 comprising theFederation of the Greens (FdV), theCommunist Refoundation Party ,Party of Italian Communists and theDemocratic Left (SD). In 2022 a new alliance,Greens and Left Alliance , composed of the successor of SEL and SDItalian Left and the successor of FdVGreen Europe , was formed.TheCoalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA), a Greek party formed by the merger of a broad set of left-wing and eco-socialist parties, many of which were themselves formerly red–green alliances, such as theCoalition of Left, of Movements and Ecology (Synaspismos),Renewing Communist Ecological Left (AKOA), and Ecosocialists of Greece. The SYRIZA-ledcabinet of Alexis Tsipras contains ones junior minister,Giannis Tsironis , from theEcologist Greens . Green–Left Coalition of Croatia: formed by theWe can! andGreen Alternative – Sustainable Development of Croatia and by the left-wingNew Left andWorkers' Front (the latter left the alliance).Green Left ofHungary : was a merger ofAlliance of Green Democrats and theWorkers' Party of Hungary 2006 .[ edit ] There are also red/green political alliances and/or electoral agreements between social-democratic orliberal parties cooperate with green parties
In Canada, the termred–green alliance has been used to describe the limited co-operation between theLiberal Party of Canada which uses red as its colour, and theGreen Party of Canada ,[ 3] New Democratic Party . A red–green alliance of sorts occurred during the campaign leading up to the2008 London mayoral election . Incumbent mayorKen Livingstone , candidate for theLabour Party , formed an electoral pact with theGreen Party mayoral candidateSiân Berry via thesupplementary voting system , in which Labour voters were encouraged to place the Green candidate as their second preference, and vice versa.[ 4] In Italy,The Olive Tree andThe Union coalitions comprised theFederation of the Greens along with social-democratic,social Christian ,centrist and other parties in a broad heterogenous centre-left alliance. The successor party to the Olive Tree, theDemocratic Party , maintains an internal faction of greens called theDemocratic Ecologists . In Australia, the termred–green alliance has been used to describe the co-operation between the centre-leftAustralian Labor Party and theAustralian Greens . The Greens supported Labor to form theminority government in2010 . As the Greens is the third party in theAustralian Senate which hold the balance power fromcrossbench , the Labor minority government needed to rely support from the Greens from 2010 to 2013. In New Zealand, after the2017 general election , theLabour and theGreens signed amemorandum of understanding .[ 5] National Government . Later, the two parties also agreed to a set of budget responsibility rules, committing both parties to sustainable surpluses and capping debt, amongst other rules.[ 6] 2020 election , a Labour majority government was formed, supported by the Greens through a confidence and supply arrangement. In Hungary,Unity comprised the social democraticHungarian Socialist Party andDemocratic Coalition and the greenDialogue for Hungary alongside smaller liberal parties. In France,New Ecological and Social People's Union includes the left-wingLa France Insoumise andFrench Communist Party , the centre-leftSocialist Party and the greenEcologist Pole . In the Netherlands,GreenLeft and theLabour Party formed analliance during the2021-2022 cabinet formation , vowing to only join a government coalition together. In 2023, the parliamentary groups in theSenate merged following a joint election campaign. In the2023 snap election , the two parties ran on a joint list, after members of both parties voted in favour.
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