Robert Sylvester Kelly (born January 8, 1967), known asR. Kelly, is an American former singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is credited with prolific commercial success inR&B,hip hop, andpop music recordings, earning nicknames such as "theKing of R&B", "the King of Pop-Soul",[4][5] and "the Pied Piper of R&B".[6] Kelly's career ended in 2019 following his arrest and subsequent convictions onfederal racketeering andsex trafficking charges involving sexual abuse of minors.
Kelly had long been the subject ofaccusations of sexual abuse, including that of minors, dating back to the 1990s. Following leaked video recordings, Kelly was prosecuted onchild pornography charges in 2002, leading to a controversial trial that ended with his acquittal in 2008 on all charges. The 2019 documentarySurviving R. Kelly re-examined Kelly's alleged sexual misconduct with minors, promptingRCA Records to terminate his contract. Renewed interest in the allegations resulted in additional investigations by law enforcement beginning in 2019, which led to multiple indictments and Kelly's arrest. In 2021 and 2022, he was convicted on multiple charges involving child sexual abuse. As of 2025, he is serving a 31-year combined sentence atFCI Butner Medium I inNorth Carolina.
Early life
Robert Sylvester Kelly was born on theSouth Side ofChicago,Illinois,[11] on January 8, 1967,[12] at Chicago Lying-In Hospital (nowUniversity of Chicago Medical Center) in the city'sHyde Park neighborhood. He has five siblings (three of whom are half):[13] two older sisters[14] and brother, along with a younger brother and sister.[15][16] His mother, Joanne, was a schoolteacher and devoutBaptist.[17] She was born inArkansas.[13] The identity of his father, who was absent from Kelly's life and later raised two children,[14] is not known.[17] His family lived in theIda B. Wells Homespublic housing project in theBlack Metropolis–Bronzeville District of Chicago'sDouglas neighborhood, also on the city's south side.[18] Around the time he was five years old, Kelly's mother married his stepfather, Lucious, who reportedly worked for an airline.[13] Kelly began singing in the church choir at age eight.[15]
Trauma and abuse
Kelly described having a girlfriend, Lulu, at age eight, in his 2012 autobiographySoulacoaster: The Diary of Me. He stated that their last play date turned tragic when, after fighting with older children over a play area by a creek, she was pushed into the water, swept downstream by a fast-moving current, and drowned. Kelly called Lulu his first musical inspiration.[19]
Kelly said members of his household would act differently when his mother and grandparents were not home.[20][17] This included highly provocative dress and behavior. Kelly stated that when he was eight, an adult woman in the household coerced him into photographing her while having intercourse with an adult male partner.[21]
From age 8 to 14, he was often sexually abused by an older female family member.[13][22] Kelly's younger brother, Carey, stated that he suffered from years of sexual abuse at the hands of their older sister, Theresa, who was entrusted with babysitting the siblings.[23][24] Carey stated that although their older brother, Bruce, was spared and allowed to play outside, both he and Kelly were punished at separate times indoors by Theresa, who refused to acknowledge the abuse when confronted years later.[23][24]
Explaining why he never told anyone, Kelly wrote in his autobiography that he was "too afraid and too ashamed".[19] Around age 10, Kelly was also sexually abused by an older male who was a friend of the family.[13] In his autobiography, Kelly describes being shot in the shoulder at age 13 by boys who were attempting to steal his bike,[19] although a family friend claims his mother disputed this, stating that the gunshot was self-inflicted during a suicide attempt.[13]
In September 1980, Kelly enteredKenwood Academy in the city'sHyde Park-Kenwood district, where he met music teacherLena McLin, who encouraged Kelly to performStevie Wonder's "Ribbon in the Sky" in the high school talent show.[25] A shy Kelly put on sunglasses, was escorted onto the stage, performed the song, and was awarded first prize.[17][26][27] McLin encouraged Kelly to leave the high school basketball team and concentrate on music. She said he was furious at first, but after his performance in the talent show, he changed his mind.[28] Kelly was diagnosed withdyslexia,[29] which left him unable to read or write.[30][22] Kelly dropped out of high school after attending Kenwood Academy for one year.[31] He began performing in the subway under theChicago "L" tracks.[31] He regularlybusked at the "L" stop on the Red Line'sJackson station in theLoop.[13]
MGM (Musically Gifted Men or Mentally Gifted Men)[13] was formed in 1989 with Robert Kelly, Marc McWilliams, Vincent Walker and Shawn Brooks. In 1990, MGM were offered a contract with an independent label, Tavdash Records.[40] Shortly after, they recorded and released one single, "Why You Wanna Play Me".[41] Kelly gained national recognition when MGM participated on the talent TV showBig Break, hosted byNatalie Cole.[42] MGM performed "All My Love", which would become a demo for Kelly's song "She's Got That Vibe".[43] The group went on to win the $100,000 grand prize in 1991 before they disbanded.[44][45]
In 1991, Kelly signed withJive Records.[41] Kelly's debut album,Born into the 90's, was released in early 1992 (credited as R. Kelly andPublic Announcement). The album, released during thenew jack swing period of the early 1990s, yielded the R&B hits "She's Got That Vibe", "Honey Love", "Dedicated", and "Slow Dance (Hey Mr. DJ)", with Kelly singing lead vocals.[46] During late 1992, Kelly and Public Announcement embarked on a tour entitled "60653" after the zip code of their Chicago neighborhood.[15] This would be the only album co-credited with Public Announcement. Kelly separated from the group in 1993.[17]
"When I create a song for myself or another artist, I see the entire thing— what the song should be like, how it should be produced, how the video should look, the image of the artist for the single— it's a package deal."
Kelly's first solo album,12 Play, was released on November 9, 1993, and yielded the singer's first number-one hit, "Bump N' Grind", which spent a record-breaking 12 weeks at number one on the BillboardHot R&B Singles chart. Subsequent hit singles: "Your Body's Callin'" (U.S. Hot 100: #13, U.S. R&B: #2) and "Sex Me" (U.S. Hot 100: #20, U.S. R&B: #8). Both singles sold 500,000 copies in the United States and were certified Gold by the RIAA.[46] In 1994,12 Play was certified Gold by the RIAA, eventually going six times platinum.[48]
In 1994, Kelly established himself as a leading producer by producing songs for various artists, includingAaliyah,Janet Jackson, andChanging Faces.[49] He co-headlined a tour withSalt-N-Pepa and headlined the Budweiser Superfest tour.[50][47]
In 1995, Kelly garnered his firstGrammy nominations; two for writing, producing, and composing Michael Jackson's last number-one hit, "You Are Not Alone".[35][51]
Kelly's success continued with the November 14, 1995, release ofR. Kelly, his eponymous second studio album. Critics praised him for his departure from salacious bedroom songs to embracing vulnerability.New York Times contributor Stephen Holden described Kelly as "The reigning king of pop-soul sex talks a lot tougher than Barry White, the father of such fluffed-up pillow talks and along with Marvin Gaye and Donny Hathaway, [both] major influences for Kelly."[52] In December 1995, ProfessorMichael Eric Dyson critiqued Kelly's self-titled album "R. Kelly" forVIBE. Dyson described Kelly's growth from the12 Play album: "Kelly reshapes his personal turmoil to artistic benefit" and noted that Kelly is "reborn before our very own ears".[53]
The album reached number one on theBillboard 200 chart, becoming Kelly's first number one album on the chart, and reached number one on the R&B album charts; his second. TheR. Kelly album spawned three platinum hit singles: "You Remind Me of Something" (U.S. Hot 100: #4, U.S. R&B: #1), "I Can't Sleep Baby (If I)" (U.S. Hot 100: #5, U.S. R&B: #1), and "Down Low (Nobody Has To Know)" (U.S. Hot 100: #4, U.S. R&B: #1); a duet withRonald Isley. Kelly's self-titled album sold four million copies, receiving 4× platinum certification from the RIAA.[48] He promoted the album with a 50-city "Down Low Top Secret Tour" withLL Cool J,Xscape, and Solo.[54]
On November 26, 1996, Kelly released "I Believe I Can Fly", an inspirational song originally released on the soundtrack for the filmSpace Jam. "I Believe I Can Fly" reached No. 2 on theBillboard Hot 100, and No. 1 on the UK charts for three weeks and won threeGrammy Awards in 1998.[35][46] In that same year, he contributed to "Freak Tonight" for theA Thin Line Between Love and Hate soundtrack.
1997–2001: Basketball,R.,TP-2.com, and Rockland Records
In 1997, Kelly signed a contract to play professional basketball with the Atlantic City Seagulls of theUSBL.[55] He wore the number 12 in honor of his album12 Play.[56] Kelly said "I love basketball enough to not totally let go of my music, but just put it to the side for a minute and fulfill some dreams of mine that I've had for a long time."[57] Kelly's USBL contract contained a clause that would allow him to fulfill a music obligation when necessary. "If Whitney Houston needs a song written", said Ken Gross, the Seagulls owner who signed Kelly, "he would be able to leave the team to do that and come back". "It wasn't a gimmick", Gross continued, "he's a ballplayer. He can play."[58]
In 1998, he launched his own label,Rockland Records, in a distribution deal withJimmy Iovine'sInterscope Records. The label's roster included artistsSparkle,Boo & Gotti, Talent, Vegas Cats, Lady, Frankie, Secret Weapon, and Rebecca F.[60][61] That May, Sparkle, Rockland's first signed artist, released hereponymous debut album. In addition to producing and writing the project, Kelly made vocal contribution to the hit duet "Be Careful", which became a serious factor as to why the album was certified platinum in December 2000.[62]
On November 17, 1998, Kelly released his fourth studio and first double album,R. Musically, the album spans different genres from pop (Celine Dion), street rap (Nas andJay-Z) toBlues ("Suicide"). Dave Hoekstra of theLos Angeles Times described the album as "easily the most ambitious project of his career".[63] In the summer of 1999, he wrote and produced a majority of thesoundtrack to theMartin Lawrence andEddie Murphy film,Life, which features tracks fromK-Ci & JoJo,Maxwell,Mýa, andDestiny's Child, among others. The soundtrack was also released on the Rockland imprint.[64]
In early 2000, Kelly received multiple awards reflecting his status as an established R&B superstar. In January 2000, he won Favorite Male Soul/R&B Artist at theAmerican Music Awards and, in February, was nominated for several Grammy Awards, including Best Male R&B Vocal Performance ("When a Woman's Fed Up"), Best R&B Album (R.), and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group ("Satisfy You") withP. Diddy.[35][65]
On November 7, 2000, he released his fifth studio album,TP-2.com, a project aligned with his breakthrough album,12 Play. UnlikeR., all songs onTP-2.com were written, arranged, and produced by Kelly.AllMusic's Jason Birchmeier gaveTP-2.com 4 stars and stated: "Kelly knows how to take proven formulas and funnel them through his own stylistic aesthetic, which usually means slowing down the tempo, laying on lush choruses of strings and background vocals, taming down the lyrics for radio, and catering his pitch primarily to wistful women.[66]
In 2001, Kelly won the Outstanding Achievement Award at the Music of Black Origin orMOBO Awards andBillboard magazine rankedTP-2.com number 94 on the magazine's Top 200 Albums of the Decade.[67] Kelly's song, "The World's Greatest", from the soundtrack to the 2001 autobiographical film,Ali, was a hit.[68]
2002–2003:The Best of Both Worlds andChocolate Factory
On January 24, 2002, at a press conference announcing the completion of Kelly and Jay-Z's first collaborative album,The Best of Both Worlds, celebrities such asJohnnie Cochran,Russell Simmons,Luther Vandross, andSean Combs praised the album, with Jay-Z stating that he hoped the collaboration represents "more unity for black people on a whole".[69]MTV's Shaheem Reid wrote: "And if Jay and Kelly can put their egos to the side long enough to wrap up and promote their album, then their labels—Def Jam and Jive, respectively—can surely figure out a way to join forces and make cheddar together."[69]
On February 8, 2002, Kelly performed at the opening ceremony of the2002 Winter Olympics, a week after a news scandal broke of a sex tape that appeared to show Kelly with an underage girl.[70][71]
Following a leak of the joint album on February 22, 2002,Roc-A-Fella and Jive moved the release date one week earlier in an effort to curtailpiracy.[72] Jay-Z expressed frustration about the album leak to MTV News, describing the event as both a "gift" and a "curse."[72] Upon release on March 19, 2002,The Best of Both Worlds sold 285,000 copies in its opening week and debuted at number two on theBillboard 200.[73] It was a critical and commercial disappointment.[74]
In May 2002, six months prior to the scheduled release of Kelly's sixth studio album,Loveland, a bootleg copy containing 15 tracks had been leaked.[75] In response, Kelly began work on the album now known asChocolate Factory, opting to releaseLoveland as adeluxe edition bonus disc.[76] In October of that year, Kelly released "Ignition (Remix)", the lead single from the album. It would spend 42 weeks on theBillboard Hot 100, peaking at number two.[77][78]
On February 18, 2003, Kelly releasedChocolate Factory, which debuted as the number-one album on theBillboard 200.[79] It sold 532,000 copies in its first week.[80] The album was met with critical acclaim,[81] and supported by two more singles. "Snake", the album's second single, was followed by "Step in the Name of Love (Remix)", which charted for 70 weeks, reaching number one on the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart.[82] Later that year, in September, Kelly's firstgreatest hits album,The R. in R&B Collection, Vol. 1, was released which included "Thoia Thoing" and two other previously unreleased songs.[83]
2004–2005:Unfinished Business, Happy People/U Saved Me andTP.3 Reloaded
Between mid-2003 and early 2004, Kelly began work on a double CD album, one with "happy" tracks and another with "inspirational" tracks. The double album,Happy People/U Saved Me, was released on August 24, 2004. It debuted at number two on theBillboard 200, with first week sales of 264,000 copies.[84] Both of the album's title tracks respectively performed underwhelmingly; "Happy People" charted at number twenty-nine on the Adult R&B Songs chart while "U Saved Me" peaked at number fifty-two on theBillboard Hot 100.[85][86]
Two months later, Kelly and Jay-Z reunited to release their second collaborative album,Unfinished Business. The album received criticism and, as with the pair's previous collaboration, it was also a commercial failure, despite debuting at number one on theBillboard 200. Album promotion and itsBest of Both Worlds tour were both plagued by tension between the stars, with Kelly reportedly showing up late or not at all to gigs.[87] Kelly complained that the touring lights were not directed towards him and allegedly assaulted the tour's lighting director.[87]
Jay-Z eventually removed Kelly halfway through the tour, after a member of Jay-Z's entouragepepper sprayed Kelly[88] on October 29, 2004.[89] Tyran "Ty Ty" Smith was charged with assault, but took a plea deal for disorderly conduct.[89] Kelly bounced back commercially after appearing onJa Rule's single, "Wonderful" alongsideAshanti. In November 2004, "Wonderful" charted at number five on theBillboard Hot 100 and topped theUK Singles Chart.[90][91] The single was certified gold by the RIAA in May 2005.[92]
After finishingHappy People/U Saved Me andUnfinished Business in 2004,[93] Kelly releasedTP.3 Reloaded in July 2005.[94] It became Kelly's fifth consecutive number-one album in his career.TP.3 Reloaded was heavily cross-promoted alongside the first five chapters of Kelly's musical serial, the "hip hopera"Trapped in the Closet.[95]
In December 2006, Kelly built momentum for his eighth solo studio album,Double Up, after guest-appearing onBow Wow's "I'm a Flirt".[96] Three months later, Kelly's remix of "I'm a Flirt" was released, but instead of Bow Wow, it featuredT.I. andT-Pain. On May 29, 2007, the album was released. It became Kelly's sixth and final album in his career to chart at number one on theBillboard 200.[97] Kelly's other singles fromDouble Up titled "Same Girl" was a duet of Kelly andUsher,[98] while "Rise Up" was a tribute to the victims of theVirginia Tech shooting that occurred earlier that year in April, a month before the album was released.[99] The song was previously released as a digital download on May 15, 2007. Proceeds were donated to the Hokie Spirit Memorial Fund to help family members of the victims of the shootings.[100]
Kelly began hisDouble Up tour withNe-Yo,Keyshia Cole andJ. Holiday opening for him. One week into the tour, promoter Leonard Rowe had Ne-Yo removed from the tour because of a contract dispute. However, Ne-Yo alleges that the reason for the dropout was because Ne-Yo believes he received a better response from critics and fans.[101] Ne-Yo won a lawsuit that he filed against Rowe Entertainment in 2008.[102] Kelly was not mentioned in the lawsuit. In December 2007, Kelly failed to appear at another preliminary court hearing on his case due to his tour bus being held up in Utah.[103] The judge threatened to revoke Kelly's bond, but eventually decided against it. In 2008, Kelly released a rap track titled "I'm a Beast" in which he coarsely attacked his detractors, yet did not name the subjects of the song.[104]
In 2008, before and after being acquitted on charges of producing child sexual abuse material,Billboard reported that Kelly had plans to release his newest album titled12 Play: Fourth Quarter in the summer of that year but the album was postponed.Billboard named Kelly among the most successful artists ever for its 50th Anniversary List.[105] In the spring, the promotional single "Hair Braider", peaked at No. 56 onBillboard's R&B chart. On July 28, the entire album leaked online, causing the title to be scrapped.[106]
In February 2009, Kelly announced that he was working on a new album calledUntitled[107] with a projected release date of September 29, but it had been delayed to December.[108] In June 2009, he released his firstmixtape,The "Demo" Tape, presented byDJ Skee andDJ Drama.[109]
Kelly headlined the Arise African Fashion Awards inJohannesburg, South Africa, on June 20, 2009.[110] He performed inCape Town, followed by Nigeria as part of the annual ThisDay music and fashion festival in July. That same month, he released "Number One", featuring singer-songwriterKeri Hilson. Then, on December 1, Kelly's untitled ninth solo album was released.[111] It charted on theBillboard 200 at number four.[112][113] More singles from the album include "Echo", "Supaman High" and "Be My #2". In January 2010, Kelly performed in Kampala, Uganda. "I'm very excited about my first visit to Africa, I've dreamed about this for a long time and it's finally here", Kelly said in a statement. "It will be one of the highlights of not only my career but my life. I can't wait to perform in front of my fans in Africa—who have been some of the best in the world."[114]
2010–2012:Epic,Love Letter, throat surgery, andWrite Me Back
Kelly performed at the2010 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony on June 11, 2010.[115] In an interview in the September 2010 issue ofXXL magazine, Kelly said he was working on three new albums (Epic,Love Letter, andZodiac) which he described as "remixing himself".[116]Epic, a compilation filled with powerful ballads including "The World's Greatest" and "Sign of a Victory", only saw a European release on September 21, 2010.[117] However, it is also available for streaming worldwide.[118]
In November 2010, Kelly collaborated with several African musicians forming a supergroup known as One8. The group featured2Face from Nigeria,Ali Kiba from Tanzania,Congolese singerFally Ipupa, 4X4 from Ghana, hip-hop artist Movaizhaleine from Gabon, Zambia'sJK, Ugandan hip-hop star Navio and Kenya'sAmani, the only female in the group. The first release from the group was "Hands Across the World" written and produced by Kelly.[119][120]
At the2011 Pre-Grammy Gala in Los Angeles, Kelly performed a medley of hits, and, in March 2011, Kelly was named the No. 1 R&B artist of the last 25 years byBillboard.[121][122]
On July 19, 2011, Kelly was admitted to the Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago to undergo emergency throat surgery to drain an abscess on one of his tonsils, and was released on July 21, 2011.[123] He canceled his performance at the Reggae Sumfest in Jamaica that was scheduled for the following Friday. Johnny Gourzong, Sumfest Productions executive director, commented, "We are truly going to miss his presence on the festival."[124][125] On September 23, 2011,Variety confirmed that Kelly had signed on to write original music for theSparkle soundtrack.[126]
Following his throat surgery, Kelly released "Shut Up" to generally favorable reviews:Spin magazine said, "Kelly taking aim at the haters who said "he's washed up, he's lost it." He hasn't. Dude's voice is in prime smooth R&B form".[132] On December 21, 2011, Kelly made a live appearance onThe X Factor and gave his first performance after the surgery. Kelly revealed toRolling Stone that he felt like he was "just starting out" and how the performance was a "wake up call" for him.[133]
During 2013, Kelly continued his "The Single Ladies Tour". He performed at music festivals across North America, includingBonnaroo,Pitchfork, and Macy's Music Festival. On June 30, 2013, R. Kelly performed live at theBET Awards Show singing hits as well as his new track "My Story" featuring Atlanta rapper2 Chainz. The song was the lead single for Kelly's twelfth studio albumBlack Panties.[140] released on December 10, 2013.[141] Writing forNew York magazine,David Marchese stated thatBlack Panties "was like a dare to the world: After all that he'd been accused of, after avoiding conviction, could R. Kelly still get away with making sex-obsessed music?"[30]
In November 2015, Kelly released "Switch Up" featuring fellow ChicagoanJeremih andLil Wayne, followed by "Wake Up Everybody", "Marching Band" and "Backyard Party". The following month, the album containing those singles,The Buffet, was released. It charted poorly on theBillboard 200 at number sixteen with first-week sales of 39,000 album-equivalent copies.[158] During November 2015, R. Kelly released a song withTy Dolla Sign called "Actress" off the albumFree TC. The following year, after a two-and-a-half-year delay, Kelly presented his only Christmas album, also his fourteenth and final studio album in his career thus far,12 Nights of Christmas, which was released on October 21, 2016.[159]
An album credited to Kelly titledI Admit It after and including the 19-minute song from 2018 was released on streaming services on December 9, 2022, but was taken down after it was not approved by Sony or R. Kelly's team. The album was credited to Sony'sLegacy Recordings but actually uploaded byReal Talk Entertainment, who had released the album through a sub-label also named Legacy Recordings. This resulted in the credited distributor,Universal Music Group–ownedIngrooves, cutting ties with Real Talk Entertainment.[172]
Artistry
Musical style and influences
Kelly's music took root in R&B,hip hop andsoul. He was influenced by listening to his mother, Joanne Kelly, sing. She played records byStevie Wonder,Donny Hathaway andMarvin Gaye, inspirations for Kelly.[173][174][175] In reference to Hathaway, Kelly stated: "A guy like Donny Hathaway had a focused, sexual texture in his voice that I always wanted in mine. He had smooth, soulful tones, but he was spiritual at the same time.[173] In his autobiography, Kelly stated that he was heavily influenced by Marvin Gaye's R&B Lothario image. "I had to make a 'baby-makin'' album. If Marvin Gaye did it, I wanted to do it", Kelly said.[20]
While Kelly created a smooth, professional mixture of hip-hop beats, soulman crooning and funk, the most distinctive element of his music is its explicit sensuality. "Sex Me", "Bump n' Grind", "Your Body's Callin'", and "Feelin' on Yo Booty" are considered to be examples, as their productions were seductive enough to sell such blatant come-ons. Kelly's crossover appeal was also sustained by his development of a flair for pop balladry.[46]
Vocal style and lyrical themes
Writing for theNew York Daily News in 1997, Nunyo Demasio stated "With a voice that easily shifts from boomingbaritone to seductivealto, Kelly has gained international celebrity by combining streetwise rhythms with sexually explicit lyrics."[57] Love and sex are the topics of the majority of Kelly's lyrical content, although he has written about a wide variety of themes such as inspiration andspirituality.Chicago Sun-Times reportersJim DeRogatis and Abdon Pallasch observed about the contrasting themes: "... the image he liked to project was that of the "R&B Thug"... bringing the streetwise persona of thegangsta rapper into the more polite world of R&B."[176]
Kelly expressed that he writes from everyday experiences and prides himself on being versatile. Larry Khan, senior vice president of Jive's urban marketing and promotion, said that Kelly's musical compass is second to none.[177] DeRogatis and Pallasch reported that at concerts where Kelly would go from singing "Like a Real Freak" to "I Wish": "Many fans found these abrupt shifts between the transcendent and the venal, the inspirational and the X-rated jarring."[176]
Influence
Kelly is considered to be one of the most successful R&B artists since the mid-1980s.[122] He is also one of the bestselling music artists in the United States, with over 30 million albums sold, as well as only the fifth black artist to enter the top 50 of the same list.[10]Rolling Stone magazine called him "arguably the most important R&B figure of the 1990s and 2000s".[178] Music executiveBarry Weiss described Kelly as "the modern-dayPrince, although there's a bit ofMarvin Gaye in him, and a bit ofIrving Berlin".[179] R. Kelly has also been compared to artists likeSam Cooke andBobby Brown.[179][180]
Kelly has received and been nominated for multiple awards, as a songwriter, producer, and singer. He won threeGrammy Awards for his song "I Believe I Can Fly": Best Male R&B Vocal Performance, Best Rhythm and Blues Song, and Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television.[35] After Kelly's federal conviction in New York,The Recording Academy stated in 2021 they wouldn't strip Kelly of his awards despite his "disturbing" actions.[181]
Kelly was given akey to the city ofBaton Rouge, Louisiana, in 2013 as "an artist whose music brings generations together".[182] On September 30, 2021, following his New York conviction of multiple sex crimes, the key was rescinded.[183][184]
Kelly has faced repeated accusations of sexual abuse for incidents dating from 1991 to 2018 and has been the subject of a long-terminvestigation by theChicago Sun-Times since August 2000. He has been tried in multiple civil suits and criminal trials, starting in 1996 when Tiffany Hawkins alleged that, starting in 1991 when she was age 15, Kelly, aged 24, had sexual relations with her and encouraged her to entice underaged friends.[185][186] Following leaked video recordings, Kelly was prosecuted onchild pornography charges in 2002,[187] leading to a controversial trial that ended with his acquittal in 2008 on all charges.[188] The 2019 documentarySurviving R. Kelly reexamined Kelly's alleged sexual misconduct with minors, promptingRCA Records to terminate his contract[189] and resulted in additional investigations by law enforcement beginning in 2019.[190] This culminated in a 2021 conviction for violations of theMann Act andRacketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, and a 2022 conviction for production ofchild pornography. As of 2023, he is serving a 31-year combined sentence atFCI Butner Medium I.[191] On July 30, 2024, multiple news outlets reported that Kelly, alongside his lawyer Jennifer Bonjean, had asked the Supreme Court to review his child pornography case, which could potentially drop 20 years off his sentence.[192]
Other court cases
Other than the federal sex abuse cases, Kelly has been involved in several high-profile criminal cases and lawsuits.
Criminal
August 13, 1997: Kelly was found guilty of battery and placed on unsupervised probation for one year inLafayette, Louisiana, as a result of a July 1996 brawl which involved the singer and his entourage. One of the victims needed a total of 110 facial stitches.[193]
April 8, 1998: Kelly was arrested in Chicago on three misdemeanor charges of disorderly conduct, including one charge of violating noise ordinance for playing his music extremely loud from his car, during a test run. He was allegedlyconfrontational as he was arrested and placed into custody. The vehicle he was testing audio in wasimpounded and placed on a $500 daily recovery fee.[194] Prosecutors from the district attorney's office dropped the first two charges on May 7,[195] and the noise charge on July 22 that year.[196]
March 6, 2019: Kelly was taken to theCook County Jail afterfailing to pay child support in the amount of $161,633 to his former wife, Andrea. Three days later, he was released after someone, whose identity was withheld, paid off the child support on his behalf. His lawyer says he could not discuss the payment due to agag order.[197]
Civil suits
November 1, 2004: Kelly launched a $75 million lawsuit against former friend Jay-Z and several concert organizers and/or promoters for removing him from theBest of Both Worlds tour.[198] The lawsuit forbreach of contract, which sought $75 million in damages ($60 million inpunitive damages and $15 millionfor lost income) was a result of not being able to tour.[199]
January 2005: Jay-Z countersued the singer, claiming Kelly showed erratic behavior including being late or absent attendances, vacating deadlines, and continued demands or requests that led to several cancellations and resulted in loss of gross. Kelly's lawyers challenged it as "inaccurate smears of [Mr. Kelly] that are utterly irrelevant to the issues of the case" but confirmed the rapper's refusal to continue work with Kelly after the Madison Square Garden incident and thus broke the contract.[200] Jay-Z's counter suit was dismissed by a judge that May.[201][202]
November 2005: Kelly sued Jay-Z again, claiming that nowRoc Nation executive Tyran "Ty Ty" Smith was awarded with the position of vice president at theartist and repertoire department of Def Jam Recordings (which Jay was president of at the time), as a result of the latter pepper-spraying Kelly on October 29, 2004.[203]
Personal life
Kelly's mother, Joanne, died from cancer in 1993.[204] He has given conflicting accounts of where he was during his mother's death.[22] His oldest daughter, JoAnn (b. 1998), was named after the singer's mother, but is also known as Buku Abi.[205]
In 1996, Kelly marriedAndrea Kelly (née Lee), his formerbackup dancer and mother of his three children, the aforementioned JoAnn, as well as Jaah (b. 2000), and Robert Jr. (b. 2002).[206][207] Andrea filed arestraining order against Kelly in September 2005 after a physical altercation, ultimately filing for divorce in 2006.[208] In January 2009, their divorce was finalized after 13 years of marriage.[209][210] In later years, Andrea accused Kelly of physical, verbal, and mental abuse, including inSurviving R. Kelly (2019).[211][212][213]
Kelly reportedly had a long relationship with gospel singerDeleon Richards in the 1990s. In 2005, a Chicago man was charged for attempting to extort Richards' husband,Gary Sheffield, by allegedly threatening to release a sex tape of Richards with an ex-boyfriend, reportedly Kelly.[214] In January 2006, the man was sentenced to 27 months in prison.[215]
Philanthropy
In April 2007, Kelly released the song "Rise Up" forVirginia Tech after the2007 school shooting and donated the net proceeds to the families of the victims.[216] In 2010, he penned the song "Sign of a Victory" for theFIFA World Cup, with all proceeds benefiting African charities.[217] On April 6, 2011, he performed at a charity event in Chicago benefiting Clara's House, a facility designed to build employment, housing, health care, and education in the projects of Chicago.[218] In 2016, Kelly donated cases of water to theFlint water crisis.[219]
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^abcMarchese, David (January 7, 2016)."The R. Kelly Problem".New York. Archived fromthe original on August 18, 2016. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2021.He grew up poor and functionally illiterate — owing to dyslexia — on Chicago's South Side, raised mostly by his mother
^"R. Kelly Reveals".Jet. December 28, 1998 – January 4, 1999. p. 56. RetrievedOctober 27, 2014 – via Google Books.
^"BBC World News - R Kelly: Sex, Girls & Videotapes".BBC. 2018. RetrievedOctober 23, 2021.Recognised as one of the most acclaimed RnB artists in the world, R Kelly has sold over 60 million albums globally and has been dubbed the "King of RnB". Despite his musical success there are multiple underlying rumours and accusations about the artist which paint a much darker picture.
^Ogunnaike, Lola (May 2002)."Caught in the Act".Vibe.com.Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. RetrievedOctober 23, 2021.. . . news broke of a self-made sex tape with a minor. Can the King of R&B withstand the heat?
