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Qingyuan Xingsi

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Qingyuan Xingsi
TitleChán master
Personal life
Born660
Died740
Religious life
ReligionBuddhism
SchoolChán
Senior posting
TeacherDajian Huineng
PredecessorDajian Huineng
SuccessorShitou Xiqian

Qingyuan Xingsi (Chinese:青原行思;pinyin:Qīngyuán Xíngsī;Japanese:Seigen Gyōshi; Korean:Ch'ŏngwŏn Haengsa; Vietnamese:Thanh Nguyên Hành Tư) was aZenBuddhist monk during theTang dynasty. Three of the five traditionally recognized houses of Zen are commonly believed to have developed out of his lineage: theCaodong/Sōtō,Yunmen/Unmon, andFayan/Hōgen. There is scant information about his life. He is said to have lived in the Quiet Abode Temple onMount Qingyuan.[1] TheTransmission of the Lamp claims he wasHuineng's foremost student, although this was written during theSong dynasty over 200 years after Qingyuan's death.[2]: 48  In fact, in the oldest version of thePlatform Sutra found among theDunhuang manuscripts, which dates to about 850 CE, Qingyuan is not listed as a student of Huineng at all.[3] The earliest source of information about Qingyuan comes from theAnthology of the Patriarchal Hall, which was completed in 952 by the monk Wendeng.[4]: 63  The scholar Albert Welter suggests that Wendeng may have invented Qingyuan in order to legitimizeShitou Xiqian, Qingyuan's supposed student, and in turn himself since he was descended from Shitou.[4]: 73–75  Shitou's original teacher, Huineng, died when Shitou was only 13, so Qingyuan was necessary for him to receive legitimatedharma transmission.[2]: 48 

Biographical legends

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As with mostTang dynasty Zen monks, there are many vivid stories about Qingyuan's encounters with students and other teachers. They are almost certainly not historical events, however. TheTransmission of the Lamp, for example, recounts the following:

WhenShenhui of Ho Chen came to study with Qingyuan, the master asked where he was coming from, and Shenhui said from Cao Xi. "What's new in Cao Xi?" asked Qingyuan. When Shenhui remained silent, Qingyuan said, "Tiles and pebbles are still in your way". Shenhui asked, "Do you have true gold to give to others?" Qingyuan said, "Even if I had some, how would you hold on to it?"[2]: 51 

Another from the same source takes place as follows:

Once a monk asked, "What is the main teaching of Buddhism?" Qingyuan replied, "What is the price of rice inLuling?"[2]: 51 

References

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  1. ^Ferguson, Andrew E. (2000),Zen's Chinese heritage: the masters and their teachings, Wisdom Publications, pp. 48–49,ISBN 978-0-86171-163-5
  2. ^abcdMitchell, James (2005),Soto Zen ancestors in China, San Francisco: Ithuriel's Spear, pp. 48–51,ISBN 978-0-9749502-3-5
  3. ^McRae, John (2003),Seeing Through Zen, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, p. 82,ISBN 978-0-520-23798-8
  4. ^abWelter, Albert (2006),Monks, rulers, and literati: the political ascendancy of Chan Buddhism, Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-517521-9
Buddhist titles
Preceded bySōtōZen patriarchSucceeded by
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