Prostitution in Syria is illegal,[1] but the law is not strictly enforced.[2]UNAIDS estimate there are 25,000prostitutes in the country.[3]
Since the start of theSyrian Civil War, many women have fled the country and turned toprostitution to survive inJordan,[4]Turkey[5] and theLebanon.[6]
Sex trafficking[7] andchild sex tourism[8] are problems inSyria.
During the era ofslavery in Syria prostitution was connected to slavery. The Islamic Law formally prohibited prostitution. However, since the principle ofconcubinage in Islam inIslamic Law allowed a man to have sexual intercourse with his female slave, prostitution was practiced by apimp selling his female slave on the slave market to a client, who was allowed to have intercourse with her as her new owner, and who then returned his ownership to her pimp on the pretext of discontent after having had intercourse with her, which was a legal and accepted method for prostitution in the Islamic world.[9]
Ismail al-Jazari (1136–1206) describes aDamascusprocuress in his writings. She recruited women for work as prostitutes at weddings. She took the women to a safe place out of town where her husband was thepimp. Eventually they were arrested. The woman confessed during torture and was strangled. The husband fled and was never caught.[10]
InOttoman Syria prostitution (of free women) was tolerated.[11] By the 18th-century, local Ottoman authorities in the Ottoman Empire, such as in Damascus in Syria and in Egypt, had begun to tolerate clandestine prostitution of free women in exchange for taxation.[12]
Under theFrench Mandate (1923−1946), prostitution was legal and regulated.[11] At the beginning of the Mandate 742 prostitutes were registered, but it is thought the actual number was much higher.[11]
From 2003 onward, many women fleeing from thewar in Iraq were practising underworld prostitution for living.[13] Some sources claim up to 50 thousandIraqi refugee women inSyria, many of them are recentwidows or orphans with no professional qualification, started prostitution as the only source for earning a living.[14]
In the 2000s, the country was a destination for sex tourism by theArab world,[15] particularlySaudi Arabia.[8] The large number ofIraqi women and children who were forced to turn to prostitution to survive, or were trafficked, ensured a large number of prostitutes were available for tourists.[16]
In theSaidnaya suburb of Damascus, there were over 100 'tourist clubs' where mainly underage girls mostly ofiraqi descent were available.[8]
After the start of the civil war, tourism dropped off.[17][18]
Syria is a source and destination country for women, and children subjected to sex trafficking. The situation in Syria continues to deteriorate amid the ongoing civil war. More than half of Syria's pre-war population of 23 million has been displaced; as of March 2017, five million have fled to neighbouring countries and, as of December 2016, roughly 6.3 million are internally displaced. Syrians, both those that remain in the country and refugees in neighbouring countries, continue to be highly vulnerable to trafficking.[7]
In March 2016, the media reported that women fromNepal andBangladesh were forced to work in the sex industry in Syria. In June 2014,ISIS announced the establishment of an Islamic "Caliphate" in Iraq and Syria. ISIS routinely forces Syrian girls to undergo virginity tests before trading them in "slave bazaars" and sending them to various Syrian provinces and other countries for sexual slavery. ISIS incursion into Assyrian villages in the northeastern province ofAl-Hasaka, captured as many as 30 Assyrian Christian women and forced them into sexual slavery.[7]
The Syrian refugee population is highly vulnerable to trafficking in neighbouring countries, particularly Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, and Turkey. Syrian refugee women and girls are vulnerable to forced or "temporary marriages"—for the purpose of prostitution and other forms of exploitation, and sex trafficking in refugee camps, in Jordan, and cities in theIraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR), includingSulaymaniyah. InBaghdad,Basrah, and other cities in southern Iraq, reports from 2015 indicated some Syrian refugee women were forced into prostitution by a trafficking network in hotels andbrothels after agents of the network promised to resettle them from the IKR. In Turkey and Lebanon, reports continue of illicit prostitution rings of Syrian refugee women and girls, which are administered by local men, while the Lebanese police issued reports in 2014 detailing the sale of Syrian refugee women by local men.LGBTI persons among the Syrian refugee population in Lebanon are reportedly vulnerable to sex trafficking by Lebanese pimps.[7]
TheUnited States Department of StateOffice to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks Syria as a 'Tier 3' country.[7]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
