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Productivity software (also calledpersonal productivity software oroffice productivity software[1]) is applicationsoftware used for producing information (such asdocuments,presentations,worksheets,databases,charts,graphs,digital paintings,electronic music anddigital video).[2] Its names arose from it increasingproductivity, especially of individualoffice workers, fromtypists toknowledge workers, although its scope is now wider than that.Office suites, which broughtword processing,spreadsheet, andrelational database programs to thedesktop in the 1980s, are the core example of productivity software. They revolutionized the office with the magnitude of the productivity increase they brought as compared with the pre-1980s office environments of typewriters, paper filing, and handwritten lists and ledgers. In the United States, some 78% of "middle-skill" occupations (those that call for more than ahigh school diploma but less than abachelor's degree) now require the use of productivity software.[3] In the 2010s, productivity software had become even moreconsumerized than it already was, as computing became ever more integrated into daily personal life.
Productivity software traditionally runs directly on a computer. For example,Commodore Plus/4 model of computer contained inROM for applications of productivity software. Productivity software is one of the reasons people usepersonal computers.
Anoffice suite is a bundle of productivity software (asoftware suite) intended to be used byoffice workers. The components are generally distributed together, have a consistentuser interface and usually can interact with each other, sometimes in ways that theoperating system would not normally allow.[4]
The earliest office suite for personal computers wasMicroPro International'sStarBurst in the early 1980s, comprising theWordStar word processor, the CalcStar spreadsheet and the DataStar database software.[5] Other suites arose in the 1980s, andMicrosoft Office came to dominate the market in the 1990s,[6] a position it retains as of 2024[update].
During the 1990s, office suite products gained popularity by offering bundles of applications that, when bought as part of a suite, effectively discounted the individual applications, with four or five applications being bundled for the price of two applications bought separately. When faced with such potential savings, customers could be "tempted by the suite, rather than the value of a particular product", and by 1994 more than 60 percent of the sales of Microsoft Word and around 70 percent of the sales of Microsoft Excel were as part of sales of Microsoft Office. Such considerations had an impact on vendors of individual applications, often smaller companies, raising concerns that office suites were "stifling innovation", and even established vendors such asBorland andWordPerfect were having to adapt to the suite phenomenon, Borland ultimately deciding to sell itsQuattro Pro spreadsheet to WordPerfect as the latter sought to assemble its own suite product. The dominant suite vendors, Microsoft and Lotus, downplayed competition and innovation concerns, claiming that users were still able to exercise choice and that "user-driven development" was guiding the evolution of office suites. Another view was that component-based software would eventually emerge, focusing development on more specialised components used by productivity software, empowering "a plethora of third-party developers", and that a "mix and match" approach of such components would adapt to the user's way of working.[7]
The base components of office suites are:
Other components include:
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