| Prince Louis of Liechtenstein | |||||
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| Born | (1846-11-18)18 November 1846 Prague | ||||
| Died | 25 March 1920(1920-03-25) (aged 73) Vienna | ||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue | Princess Sophie, Mrs. Ürményi d'Ürmény Princess Julie Princess Henriette Princess Marie, Countess of Meran, Baroness of Brandhofen | ||||
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| House | Liechtenstein | ||||
| Father | Prince Franz de Paula of Liechtenstein | ||||
| Mother | CountessEwa Józefina Julia Potocka | ||||
Prince Aloys Franz de Paula Maria of Liechtenstein (18 November 1846 – 25 March 1920), known in English asPrince Louis, was anAustrian politician and member of theHouse of Liechtenstein. He was a deputy in the AustrianImperial Council from 1878 to 1889 and 1891 to 1911. From 1910 to 1918 he chaired theChristian Social Party. In 1912 he was appointed to theHouse of Lords. His commitment tosocial reforms in the spirit of the "Workers' Pope"Leo XIII and his social encyclicalRerum novarum earned him the nickname "Red Prince" (der rote Prinz).
He was born as the son ofPrince Franz de Paula of Liechtenstein (1802-1887) and his wife,Countess Julia Potocka. Louis was younger brother ofPrince Alfred of Liechtenstein and first cousin ofJohann II, Prince of Liechtenstein.
As did most of his family, Aloys attended theSchottengymnasium in Vienna. After studying law at theUniversity of Vienna from 1864 to 1868, he joined the Austrian army'shussar regiment as a lieutenant. He changed to the diplomatic service in 1869, serving as an attaché in Munich, London and Berlin. He resigned the diplomatic service in 1873 and was transferred to the military reserves the following year, holding the rank of first lieutenant.
An opponent of liberalism that dominated the politics ofCisleithania after the 1867December Constitution, Prince Aloys joined the conservative Catholic People's Association in 1874. He served in the House of Deputies (lower house) of theReichsrat from 1878 to 1889 as a Catholic-Conservative member of parliament. In 1881 he became a member, and from 1888–1889 was chairman of the conservativeZentrum-Klub. In 1875, he metKarl von Vogelsang and in 1887 came into contact withKarl Lueger, joining the latter'sChristian Social Party (Christlichsozialen Partei) when it was founded in 1891. Aloys, Lueger, Vogelsang andFranz Martin Schindler met regularly at theHotel Zur goldenen Ente (Golden Duck, Riemergasse 4) in Vienna's First District, and would refer to their meetings asEnten-Abende (Duck Evenings). This working group became the focus for social reform and they organised the Second AustrianKatholikentag in 1889. From this Schindler developed the platform of the fledgling Christian Social Party.
He represented the party in parliament until 1911. He worked to bring the Catholic Conservatives and Christian Socials into a coalition between 1896–1907 to keep theliberals inopposition. After Lueger's death in 1910, he became chair of the party.
From 1896 to 1918 he was a member of theLandtag of Lower Austria, serving as its president(Landmarschall) since 1906. In 1912 he was appointed to the House of Lords (Herrenhaus) but progressively withdrew from public life due to ill health since 1916. He resigned all offices with the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the abolition of monarchy in 1918. His campaigns for social reform, religious schools (Konfessionsschulen) and religious law were in the spirit ofPope Leo XIII.[1]
Like Lueger, he was considered anAntisemite.[2]
He is buried in a dedicated grave in Vienna's central cemetery, theZentralfriedhof (32A, 54).
He married firstly inLondon on 27 June 1872Marie Fox, adopted daughter ofHenry Edward Fox, 4th Baron Holland and wifeLady Mary Augusta Coventry, and had issue, four daughters. Marie died in 1878, aged 28.[a][3] She was buried in the Kirchhof,Hollenegg,Austria.[citation needed] His family initially refused to approve the union on the grounds ofinequality of birth, but later treated the marriage as equal, while the princess was largely accepted in Vienna.[4][5] They had four daughters:[6]
Their children were:
Louis married secondly inVienna on 20 May 1890 Johanna Elisabeth Maria von Klinkosch (Vienna, 13 August 1849 –Baden bei Wien, 31 January 1925), daughter of the master silversmith Josef CarlRitter vonKlinkosch (1822-1888) and his wife, Elisabeth Johanna CarolineSwoboda (1830-1910), without issue.[citation needed] She is buried in Helenenfriedhof, Baden bei Wien.[citation needed]
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