Portland (/ˈpɔːrtlənd/PORT-lənd) is themost populous city in theU.S. state ofMaine and theseat ofCumberland County. Portland's population was 68,408 at the 2020 census.[4] TheGreater Portland metropolitan area has a population of approximately 550,000 people. Historically tied to commercial shipping, the marine economy, and light industry, Portland's economy in the 21st century relies mostly on the service sector. ThePort of Portland is the second-largest tonnage seaport in theNew England area as of 2019.[5]
The city seal depicts aphoenix rising from ashes, a reference to Portland's recovery from four devastating fires.[6] Portland was named after the EnglishIsle of Portland. In turn, the city ofPortland, Oregon, was named after Portland, Maine.[7] The wordPortland is derived from theOld English wordPortlanda, which means "land surrounding a harbor".[8] The Greater Portland area has emerged as an important center for thecreative economy,[9] which is also bringinggentrification.[10]
The original Algonquin-speaking EasternAbenaki residents called the Portland peninsula Machigonne ("great neck").[11][12] It is also called Məkíhkanək ("at the fish hook") in Penobscot.[13][14]
The first European settler wasChristopher Levett, an English naval captain granted 6,000 acres (2,400 ha) in 1623 to found a settlement inCasco Bay. A member of theCouncil for New England and agent forFerdinando Gorges, Levett built a stone house where he left a company of ten men, then returned to England to write a book about his voyage to bolster support for the settlement.[15] Ultimately, the settlement was a failure and the fate of Levett's colonists is unknown. The explorer sailed from England to theMassachusetts Bay Colony to meetJohn Winthrop in 1630, but never returned to Maine.Fort Levett in the harbor is named for him.
Thepeninsula was settled in 1632 as a fishing and trading village named Casco.[11] When the Massachusetts Bay Colony took over Casco Bay in 1658, the town's name changed again to Falmouth. In 1676, the village was destroyed by the Abenaki duringKing Philip's War. It was rebuilt. DuringKing William's War, a raiding party of French and their native allies attacked and largely destroyed it again in theBattle of Fort Loyal (1690).
On October 18, 1775,Falmouth was burned in theRevolution by theRoyal Navy under command of CaptainHenry Mowat.[16] Following the war, a section of Falmouth called The Neck developed as a commercial port and began to grow rapidly as a shipping center. In 1786, the citizens of Falmouth formed a separate town in Falmouth Neck and named it Portland, after theIsle of Portland off the coast ofDorset, England.[1] Portland's economy was greatly stressed by theEmbargo Act of 1807 (prohibition of trade with the British), which ended in 1809, and theWar of 1812, which ended in 1815.
In 1820, Maine was established as a state with Portland as its capital. In 1832, the capital was moved north and east toAugusta. In 1851, Maine led the nation by passing the first state law prohibiting the sale of alcohol except for "medicinal, mechanical or manufacturing purposes." The law subsequently became known as theMaine Law, as eighteen other states quickly followed. ThePortland Rum Riot occurred on June 2, 1855.
In 1853, upon completion of theGrand Trunk Railway toMontreal, Portland became the primary ice-free winter seaport for Canadian exports. ThePortland Company, located onFore Street, manufactured more than six hundred 19th-century steamlocomotives, as well as engines for trains and boats, fire engines and other railroad transportation equipment. The Portland Company was, for a time, the city's largest employer and many of its employees were immigrants from Canada, Ireland and Italy. Portland became a 20th-centuryrail hub as five additional rail lines merged intoPortland Terminal Company in 1911. These rail lines also facilitated movement of returning Canadian troops from theFirst World War in 1919. Following nationalization of the Grand Trunk system in 1923, Canadian export traffic was diverted from Portland toHalifax, resulting in marked local economic decline.Icebreakers later enabled ships to reach Montreal in winter, drastically reducing Portland's role as a winter port for Canada.[17][18]
On June 26, 1863, aConfederate raiding party led by Captain Charles Read entered the harbor at Portland leading to theBattle of Portland Harbor, one of the northernmost battles of theCivil War. The1866 Great Fire of Portland, Maine, on July 4, 1866, ignited during theIndependence Day celebration, destroyed most of the commercial buildings in the city, half the churches and hundreds of homes. More than 10,000 people were left homeless.[19]
By act of theMaine Legislature in 1899, Portland annexed the city ofDeering,[20] despite a vote by Deering residents rejecting the motion, thereby greatly increasing the size of the city and opening areas for development beyond the peninsula.[21]
In 1967, the city began the controversial razing ofFranklin Street to construct alimited-access highway to improve access in and out of the city for non-residents. The reconstruction of the street demolished 130 homes and businesses and caused an unknown number of families to be relocated or displaced.[22] The construction ofThe Maine Mall, an indoor shopping center established inSouth Portland in 1971, economically depressed downtown Portland. The trend reversed when tourists and new businesses started revitalizing the old seaport, a part of which is known locally as theOld Port.
Aerial view of Portland from the westDeering Oaks Park with fountain and castle pavilion is located at the point whereInterstate 295 meetsState Street, Park Avenue, and Deering Avenue.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 69.44 sq mi (179.85 km2), of which 21.31 sq mi (55.19 km2) is land and 48.13 sq mi (124.66 km2) is water.[28] Portland is situated on a peninsula in Casco Bay on theGulf of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean.
Portland has ahumid continental climate (Köppen:Dfb, closely bordering onDfa), with cold, snowy, and often prolonged winters, and warm to hot, yet relatively short summers. The monthly average high temperature ranges from roughly 30 °F (−1 °C) in January to around 80 °F (27 °C) in July. Daily high temperatures reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on only four days per year on average, while cold-season lows of 0 °F (−18 °C) or below are reached on 10 nights per year on average.[29] The area can be affected by severenor'easters during winter, with high winds and snowfall totals often measuring over a foot. Annual liquid precipitation (rain) averages 47.2 in (1,200 mm) and is plentiful year-round, but with a slightly drier summer. Annual frozen precipitation (snow) averages 69 in (175 cm) in the city. However, this number can fluctuate seasonally from as little as 30 inches to as much as 150 inches, depending on a multitude of factors. In Southern Maine, snowstorms can be intense from November through early April, while warm-season thunderstorms are somewhat less frequent than in the Midwestern, Mid-Atlantic, and Southeastern U.S. (although their frequency has increased in recent years).[30] Direct strikes by hurricanes or tropical storms are rare, partially due to the normally cooler Atlantic waters off the Maine coast (which usually weaken tropical systems), but primarily because most tropical systems approaching or reaching 40 degrees North latitude recurve (due to the Coriolis force) and track east out to sea well south of the Portland area. Extreme temperatures range from −39 °F (−39 °C) on February 16, 1943, to 103 °F (39 °C) on July 4, 1911, and August 2, 1975.[29] Thehardiness zones are 5b and 6a.
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found onPhabricator and onMediaWiki.org.
Portland is becoming increasingly affected byglobal warming and the rise of sea levels. The coast is one of the fastest-warming saltwater bodies, and is predicted to see an increase to about 10–17 inches by 2030, in comparison to the levels in 2000. This is a major threat to the residents and ocean life around the area.[35] In 2022, theNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issued a report that showed sea level in Portland could rise by six inches by 2050, two feet by 2060 and two to six feet by 2100.[36]
Portland is organized into neighborhoods generally recognized by residents,[38] but they have no legal or political authority. In many cases, city signs identify neighborhoods or intersections (which are often called corners). Most city neighborhoods have a local association[39] which usually maintains ongoing relations of varying degrees with the city government on issues affecting the neighborhood.
On March 8, 1899, Portland annexed the neighboring city of Deering.[40] Deering neighborhoods now comprise the northern and eastern sections of the city before the merger. Portland'sDeering High School was formerly the public high school for Deering.
From the early 2000s onward, many of Portland's neighborhoods have facedgentrification, causing many local residents to be "priced out" of their neighborhoods. In 2015, thePortland Press Herald published a series of articles documenting the "super-tight apartment market" and the trauma caused by evictions and steep jumps in monthly rent.[42] Also in that year, city landlords raised rents by an average of 17.4%, which was the second-largest jump in the country.[43]
As of thecensus[46] of 2010, there were 66,194 people, 30,725 households, and 13,324 families residing in the city. Thepopulation density was 3,106.2/sq mi (1,199.3/km2). There were 33,836 housing units at an average density of 1,587.8/sq mi (613.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 85.0%White (83.6% non-Hispanic White alone), down from 96.6% in 1990,[47] 7.1%African American, 0.5%Native American, 3.5%Asian, 1.2% fromother races, and 2.7% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 3.0% of the population. 40.7% of the population had a bachelor's degree or higher.
There were 30,725 households, of which 20.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.7% weremarried couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 56.6% were non-families. 40.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.88.
The median age in the city was 36.7 years. 17.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 33.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.9% were from 45 to 64; and 12.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.
Map of Portland's poverty rate and accessibility to public transit and grocery stores
As of the census of 2000, there were 64,250 people, 29,714 households, and 13,549 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,029.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,169.6/km2). There were 31,862 housing units at an average density of 1,502.2 per square mile (580.0/km2).
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Portland's immediate metropolitan area ranked 147th in the nation in 2000 with a population of 243,537, while the Portland/South Portland/Biddeford metropolitan area included 487,568 total inhabitants. This has increased to an estimated 513,102 inhabitants (and the largest metro area in Northern New England) as of 2007[update].[48] Much of this increase in population has been due to growth in the city's southern and western suburbs.
The largest ancestries include: British (including Scottish, Welsh, and English) (21.2%), Irish (19.2%),French (10.8%), Italian (10.5%), and German (6.9%).[citation needed]
There were 29,714 households, out of which 21.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.1% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.4% were non-families. 40.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.89.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 36.1% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,650, and the median income for a family was $48,763. Males had a median income of $31,828 versus $27,173 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,698. About 9.7% of families and 14.1% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 11.9% of those age 65 or over.
Portland has become Maine's economic capital because the city has Maine's largest port, largest population, and is close to Boston (105 miles to the southwest). Over the years, the local economy has shifted from fishing,manufacturing, and agriculture towards a moreservice-based economy. Most national bank institutions and other related financial organizations, such asBank of America andKey Bank, base their Maine operations in Portland.Unum,Covetrus,TruChoice Federal Credit Union,M&T Bank, ImmuCell Corp, andPioneer Telephone have headquarters here, and Portland's neighboring cities of South Portland, Westbrook andScarborough, provide homes for other corporations includingIDEXX andWEX Inc. Between 1867 and 2021, Burnham & Morrill Company, maker of B&M Baked Beans, had its main plant in Portland (theB&M Baked Beans factory).[52]
Portland's East End waterfront with new marina and high-tech companies.
The city's port is also undergoing a revival, and the first-evercontainer train departed from the new International Marine Terminal with fifteen containers of locally produced bottled tap water in early 2016.[53]
In January 2020, Portland was announced to be the location of a new research institute that will focus on the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Northeastern University was selected by technology entrepreneurDavid Roux to lead the institute that will include programs that will allow graduate student research.[54]
Portland also has a large subsidized housing industry, with several large real estate companies in the business.[55][56] The city is described as one of the "best places to live" in the United States.[57][58]
Thompson's Point, in the Libbytown neighborhood, has been a focus of renovation and redevelopment since the 2010s. The location hosts a concert venue, ice rink, hotels, restaurants, wineries, and breweries.[65]
Franklin Towers is a 16-story residential tower. Between 1969 and 2023, at 175 feet (53 meters),[66] it was Maine's tallest residential building. It was surpassed by201 Federal Street, which is 29.5 feet (9.0 m) taller.[67]
477 Congress Street (known locally as theTime and Temperature Building) is situated nearMonument Square in the Arts District and is a major landmark: the 14-story building features a large electronic sign on its roof that flashes time and temperature data, as well asparking-ban information in the winter. The building is home to several radio stations. ThePress Herald Building, at 390 Congress Street, is strategically located acrossCongress Street fromPortland City Hall and was built in 1923. It was expanded in 1948 for use as the newspaper's headquarters.[69]
TheWestin Portland Harborview, completed in 1927, is a prominent hotel located downtown onHigh Street. PhotographerTodd Webb lived in Portland during his later years and took many pictures of the city.[70] Some of Webb's pictures can be found at the Evans Gallery.[71]
The city is home to one daily newspaper,The Portland Press Herald/Maine Sunday Telegram, founded in 1862.The Press Herald is published Monday through Saturday andThe Maine Sunday Telegram is published on Sundays. Both are published by MaineToday Media Inc., which also operates an entertainment website,MaineToday.com and owns papers in Augusta, Waterville, and Bath.
Other publications includeThe Portland Forecaster, a weekly newspaper;The Bollard, a monthly alternative magazine formerly known asMainer;The West End News,The Munjoy Hill Observer,The Baysider,The Waterfront,Portland Magazine, andThe Companion. Portland is also the home office ofThe Exception Magazine, an online newspaper which covers Maine.
In 1976, a group of unknown individuals started the tradition of the Valentine's Day Phantom by plastering the city with hearts on Valentine's Day. In 1986, theU.S. Coast Guard almost intercepted a boat filled with Valentine's Day Phantom's after it nearly hit a Casco Bay Ferry. The boat made it toFort Gorges and unfurled a heart banner. The banner appeared on the uninhabited island fort again in 2017. The heart flag appeared on the flag pole at Central Fire Station in 2021.[72] One leader of the effort was publicly identified in 2023 when Kevin Farnham of Falmouth died, and his family revealed his involvement. However, the family said Farnham was not the founder.[73] The Farnham family established a charitable foundation called Be A Kevin to help keep the tradition alive.[74]
In 2000, the First Friday Art Walk was started by gallery owners in theArts District who opened from 5 to 8 p.m. on the first Friday of each month. By 2012, the event had become so popular that gallery owners feared the event was becoming too much like a festival with street performers and vendors.[75]
Downtown Portland, including the Arts District and the Old Port, has a high concentration of eating and drinking establishments, with many more to be found throughout the rest of the peninsula, outlying neighborhoods, and neighboring communities. The city is also home to numerous food trucks and food carts,[76] which park on the city streets and at festivals, events and breweries. Most operate in the summer; a few operate year-round.
The city is known for its pure tap water. The water comes fromSebago Lake. It is piped to Portland by the Portland Water District. Sebago Lake is one of fifty surface-water supplies among 13,000 in the country that theEnvironmental Protection Agency says do not need filtration.[86]
ThePortland Farmers' Market takes place Wednesdays in Monument Square, Saturdays in Deering Oaks Park (from early May to the end of November), and Saturdays atThe Maine Girls Academy (from early December to the end of April).
The city has the state's most vegan and vegetarian restaurants.[citation needed] Vegetarian-friendly restaurants number more than 200 in 2020, according to theMaine Sunday Telegram.[87] Celebrity chefToni Fiore first filmed the PBS cooking showTotally Vegetarian in 2002 at the cable access station in Portland.[88] ThePortland Press Herald has featured a vegan column byAvery Yale Kamila in its Food & Dining section since 2009.[89][90] In 2011, the Portland Public Schools added a daily vegetarian cold lunch to its school menu choices. In 2019, the district changed to a daily hotvegan school meal option.[91]
Portland hosts a number of food and beverage festivals, including:
Festival of Nations, takes place in July in Deering Oaks Park and organized by group of local organizations[92]
Greek Festival, three-day event in June at Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church[93]
Harvest on the Harbor, multi-day event takes place in October[94]
Italian Street Festival & Bazaar, three-day event in August outside St. Peter's Parish commemorates the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Feast of Saint Rocco[95]
Maine Brewers Festival, held multiple times a year by the Maine Brewers' Guild[96]
Maine VegFest, takes place in October and organized by Maine Animal Coalition since 2005; the event features all vegan food and was originally called Maine Vegetarian Food Festival[97]
Taste of the Nation, fundraiser for food insecurity that stopped after 2015 but happened again in 2019[98]
Maine Restaurant Week, takes place over twelve days in March[99]
Maine Seaweed Week, takes place in the spring[100]
Since 1768, thePortland Farmers Market has been in operation. It was first established in the Town Hall that "served 136 families on the peninsula."[101]
Portland is where nationalProhibition started. Portland mayor and temperance leader Neal Dow led Maine to ban alcohol sales in 1851.[102] The law led to the Portland Rum Riot in 1855. In 1845,The Pleasure Boat was the earliest vegetarian publication in Maine.[103]
Canned corn was developed in Portland by the N. Winslow company. By 1852 the Winslow's Patent Hermetically Sealed Green Corn was a commercial success and the company became a world leader in the canning industry.[104][105] An historic B&M Baked Beans canning plant built in 1913 operated on the waterfront until 2021 when it closed and production moved to the midwest.[106] By late 2022, B&M customers were reporting that the baked beans were undercooked, crunchy, and tasted different. Customers speculated that the beans were no longer being baked. Some customers were hoarding B&M bean cans produced at the Portland plant.[107]
In the early 20th century, aLittle Italy neighborhood developed around India Street.[108] The city'sAmato's Italian delicatessen on India Street is reported to be the birthplace of theMaine Italian sandwich, called "an Italian" by locals, which Amato's first served in 1902.[109]The Village Restaurant, an Italian restaurant in the city's East End, was in operation for 71 years, from 1936 to 2007.[110] In 1949,Miccuci's Grocery Co. an Italian grocery store opened on India Street and remains in business.[108]
In the 1970s and 1980s,The Hollow Reed was a notable vegetarian restaurant on Fore Street cited for its influence on the city's restaurant culture.[111] In 1979,The Great Lost Bear opened onForest Avenue and was recognized for its large selection of draft craft beers.[112] In 1982DiMillo's on the Water opened in a former car ferry docked at Portland'sLong Wharf.[113] In 1988, theGritty McDuff's brewpub was founded on Fore Street and is considered the first brewpub to open in Maine sinceProhibition ended.[114] In 1989,Marcy's Diner opened on Free Street, and in 2015 it made international headlines following a spat between the then-cook-owner and a patron over the latter's screaming child.[115]
In 1991,Becky's Diner opened on Commercial Street, after it got an exception to the city's zoning laws prohibiting non-fishery businesses on the waterfront, and has attracted famous patrons includingTaylor Swift[116] and presidentBill Clinton. In 2007, theGreen Elephant opened on Congress Street and received critical attention for the vegetarian menu.[117]
In 2024,ZU Bakery located in the West End won theJames Beard award for Outstanding Bakery, and Atsuko Fujimoto, owner ofNorimoto Bakery in Deering Center, won the James Beard award for Outstanding Pastry Chef or Baker.[118]
Previously, Portland was home of several minor leagueice hockey teams: theMaine Nordiques (NAHL) from 1973 to 1977, theMaine Mariners (AHL) from 1977 to 1992, and thePortland Pirates (AHL) from 1993 to 2016. The Mariners were three-timeCalder Cup winners, winning it in 1978, 1979 and 1984, while the Pirates would win the Calder Cup in 1995.
TheMaine Mammoths of theNational Arena League played in 2018 and were the firstindoor football team to call Portland home. The team suspended operations after one season while it negotiated with local ownership groups, but was ultimately dissolved.
The Portland Sports Complex, located off of Park and Brighton Avenues nearI-295 andDeering Oaks park, houses several of the city's stadiums and arenas, including:
The city of Portland includes more than 700 acres of open space and public parks, the most well-known of which are theEastern Promenade,Western Promenade andDeering Oaks. The city and surrounding communities are linked by 70 miles of trails, both urban and wooded, maintained by the nonprofit Portland Trails. The Portland Parks Conservancy, which was established in 2019, is a nonprofit organization that raises money to support Portland's park system.[122] In 2021, the Portland Parks Conservancy funded the establishment of the Portland Youth Corp. The Portland Youth Corp performs work in Portland's parks and residents between the ages of 14 and 16 can apply to participate in the paid program.[123]
The city requiresorganic land care techniques be used on both public and private property.[124] In 2018, the Portland City Council banned the use of synthetic pesticides.[125] In 2020, the city received a $10,000 grant fromHannaford,Stonyfield Farm, and Osborn Organics to pay for soil tests and other start up costs of transitioning the heavily used Fox Field in Kennedy Park to an organic maintenance plan.[126]
City Hall (c. 1910)Closeup of City Hall (2014)Custom House, completed 1872
The city has adopted acouncil-manager style government that is detailed in the city charter. The citizens of Portland are represented by a nine-membercity council which makes policy, passes ordinances, approves appropriations, appoints the city manager and oversees the municipal government. The city council of nine members is elected by the citizens of Portland. The city has five voting districts, with each district electing a citycouncilor to represent their neighborhood interests for a three-year term. There are also four members of the city council who are electedat-large.[128] The four at-large members are elected throughProportional ranked-choice voting.[129][130]
From 1923 until 2011, city councilors chose one of themselves each year to serve asMayor of Portland, a primarily ceremonial position. On November 2, 2010, Portland voters narrowly approved a measure that allowed them to elect the mayor. On November 8, 2011, former State Senator and candidate for U.S. CongressMichael F. Brennan was elected as mayor. On December 5, 2011, he was sworn in as the first citizen-elected mayor in 88 years (seePortland, Maine mayoral election, 2011). The office of mayor is a four-year position that earns a salary of 150% of the city's median income.[131] The current mayor isMark Dion, who narrowly defeated city councilor Andrew Zarro after 5 ranked choice rounds in the November 2023 election.[132]
Acity manager is appointed by the city council. The city manager oversees the daily operations of the city government, appoints the heads of city departments, and prepares annual budgets. The city manager directs all city agencies and departments, and is responsible for the executing laws and policies passed by the city council.[128] The current city manager is Danielle West.
Aside from the main city council, there is also an elected school board for thePortland Public School system. The school board is made up in the same manner of the city council, with five district members, four at-large members and one chairman.[133] There are also three students from the local high schools elected to serve on the board. There are many other boards and committees such as the Planning Committee, Board of Appeals, and Harbor Commission, etc. These committees and boards have limited power in their respective areas of expertise. Members of boards and committees are appointed by city council members.
On November 5, 2013, Portland voters overwhelmingly approved an ordinance to legalize the possession and private use ofcannabis for adults, making the city the first municipality in the Eastern United States to do so.[134]
College expansions underway in 2022 at the University of Southern Maine to add a 580-bed dorm, at the University of New England to move the medical school from Biddeford into a new $93 million building on the Portland campus, and at the Northeastern University Roux Institute to build a campus on the site of the formerB&M Baked Beans factory have the potential, within two decades, to bring the total college and university students in the city to 15,000, which would be similar to the percentage of students in Boston.[26]
The Portland Fire Department (PFD) providesfire protection andemergency medical services to the city of Portland 24/7, 365. Established on March 29, 1768, the PFD is made up of over 230 paid, professional firefighters and operates out of seven fire stations, located throughout the city, in addition to those staffed by "on-call" firefighters onPeaks Island,Great Diamond Island,Cushing Island andCliff Island. The Portland Fire Department also operates an Airport Division Station at 1001 Westbrook St., at thePortland International Jetport, and a Marine Division Station, located at 54 Commercial St.[138][139]
Mercy Hospital, a faith-based institution, is the fourth largest in the state. It completed the first phase of its new campus along theFore River in 2008.[142]
The formerly-independent Brighton Medical Center (once known as the Osteopathic Hospital) is now owned by Maine Medical Center and is operated as a minor care center under the names Brighton First Care and New England Rehab. In 2010, Maine Medical Center's Hannaford Center for Safety, Innovation, and Simulation opened at the Brighton campus.[143] The former Portland General Hospital is now home to the Barron Center nursing facility.[citation needed]
One wastewater management project is named the Bedford Street Sewer Separation, with its goal to "improve the water quality and health of Back Cove by reducing the amount ofcombined sewer overflows (CSO) that over flow during heavy rain events through the use of sewer separation andwater treatment devices."[144]
Commercial air service is available at thePortland International Jetport (PWM), located in Stroudwater, west of the city's downtown district. American, Southwest, JetBlue, Breeze Airways, Sun Country, Delta, and United Airlines service the airport. Direct flights are available to Atlanta, Baltimore, Charlotte, Chicago, Detroit, Denver, Minneapolis, Orlando, Philadelphia, New York, Newark, Raleigh-Durham, Sarasota, and Washington, D.C.[146]
ThePort of Portland is the second-largest cruise and passenger destination in the state (next toBar Harbor) and is served by theOcean Gateway International Marine Passenger Terminal. Ferry service is available year-round to many destinations inCasco Bay. From 2006 to 2009,Bay Ferries operated a high speed ferry calledThe Cat featuring a five-hour trip toYarmouth, Nova Scotia, for summer passengers and cars. In years past theScotia Prince Cruises trip took eleven hours. A proposal to replace the defunct Nova Scotia ferry service was rejected in 2013 by the province. From May 15, 2014, until October 2015, the cruise ship ferryNova Star made daily trips to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia.[147] Due to poor passenger numbers and financial problems, Nova Scotia selected Bay Ferries, the prior operator ofThe Cat, to operate the service starting in 2016, citing the company's experience and industry relationships. Nova Star officials pledged a smooth transition to the new operator.[148] The Nova Star was later ordered seized by federal marshals for nonpayment of bills.[149]
Bay Ferries announced on March 24, 2016, the charter of the formerHawaii Superferry boatHST-2 from theUS Navy for the Portland-Yarmouth service for two years. Bay Ferries signed a ten-year deal with Nova Scotia to run the ferry route, which will take about five and a half hours each way. They stated that the boat would be renamedThe Cat[150] and that service would begin around June 15, after refitting in South Carolina. There is still a dispute as to whether the ferry will be permitted to carry trucks, desired by Nova Scotia businesses but opposed by the City of Portland.[151]
TheCasco Bay Lines operate several passenger ferries with dozens of trips every day year-round to the major populated islands of Casco Bay. The service toPeaks Island also provides an auto ferry for most of its schedule.
^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
^Official records for Portland were kept at downtown from March 1871 to 24 November 1940, and at Portland Int'l Jetport (PWM) since 25 November 1940. Temperature records are limited to the period that PWM was the official site (i.e. since 1940) and are based on the Monthly Weather Summary product issued by the NWS office in Gray, Maine.[31] precipitation and snowfall records date to 1871 and 1882, respectively.
^"Penobscot Dictionary entry".Penobscot Dictionary. The Penobscot Indian Nation, the University of Maine, and the American Philosophical Society. RetrievedNovember 29, 2023.
^"Station: Portland INTL Jetport, ME".U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived fromthe original on June 17, 2023. RetrievedMay 20, 2021.
^"Shall We Tax the Hunters?".Lewiston Evening Journal. February 2, 1899. p. 2.Archived from the original on February 19, 2022. RetrievedOctober 19, 2020.
^Sears, Donald A. (1978).John Neal. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 124, quoting Edward C. Kirkland.ISBN080-5-7723-08.
^Kayorie, James Stephen Merritt (2019). "John Neal (1793-1876)". In Baumgartner, Jody C. (ed.).American Political Humor: Masters of Satire and Their Impact on U.S. Policy and Culture. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 87.ISBN9781440854866.
^Sears, Donald A. (1978).John Neal. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 123.ISBN080-5-7723-08.
^Barry, William David;Shettleworth, Jr., Earle G (1981). "Introduction".Mr Goodhue Remembers Portland: Scenes from the Mid-19th Century. Augusta, Maine: Maine Historic Preservation Commission.OCLC7671132. Pages are unnumbered.
^"First Friday Art Walk".Creative Portland. Creative Portland Corporation. RetrievedDecember 5, 2022.Started in the year 2000, First Friday Art Walk has blossomed into a monthly arts and cultural event.... Over 3,000 people come downtown each month
^Bob Keyes (April 4, 2010)."THAT '70S SHOW: A new photography exhibition offers a look back at a very different Portland".Maine Sunday Telegram.Archived from the original on April 16, 2010. RetrievedOctober 10, 2010."Seeing Portland" focuses on the work of photographers from the 1970s and early '80s, including "Splendid Restaurant, Congress Street, Portland, 8/20/76" by Todd Webb. The show opens Saturday at Zero Station in Portland. ... The exhibition brings together the work of several accomplished photographers. In addition to Graham, photographers with work in the show include Tom Brennan, C.C. Church,Rose Marasco, Joe Muir, Mark Rockwood, Jeff Stevensen, Jay York and Todd Webb.
^Bob Keyes (May 30, 2010)."Photographer's estate updates, improves website".Maine Sunday Telegram.Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. RetrievedOctober 10, 2010.The estate of Todd Webb announced a recent refurbishment of its website, toddwebbphotographs.com.
^"Portland, Maine".Food Network.Archived from the original on January 2, 2019. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
^Writer, Meredith GoadStaff (July 6, 2010)."Man v. Food eats Maine".Press Herald.Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. RetrievedJanuary 2, 2019.
John F. Bauman.Gateway to Vacationland: The Making of Portland Maine (University of Massachusetts Press: 2012) 285 pages; Explores the socio-economic, political and cultural history of Portland emphasizing the evolution of the city's built environment after the fire of 1866.
Chen, Xiangming, ed.Confronting Urban Legacy: Rediscovering Hartford and New England's Forgotten Cities (2015)excerpt
Michael C. Connolly.Seated by the Sea: The Maritime History of Portland, Maine, and Its Irish Longshoremen (University Press of Florida; 2010) 280 pages; Focuses on the years 1880 to 1923 in a study of how an influx of Irishimmigrant workers transformed the city's waterfront.
Core cities are metropolitan core cities of at least a million people. The other areas are urban areas of cities that have an urban area of 150,000+ or of a metropolitan area of at least 250,000+. Satellite cities are in italics.
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