Pome County 波密县 •སྤོ་མེས་རྫོང་ Bomê | |
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| Bomê County | |
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  Pome Location of the seat in Tibet Show map of Tibet Pome Pome (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates:29°51′00″N95°46′30″E / 29.850°N 95.775°E /29.850; 95.775 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Tibet |
| Prefecture-level city | Nyingchi |
| County seat | Tramog |
| Area | |
• Total | 16,072 km2 (6,205 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 34,858 |
| • Density | 2.2/km2 (5.6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Website | www |
| Bomê County | |||||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 波密县 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 波密縣 | ||||||||||
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| Tibetan name | |||||||||||
| Tibetan | སྤོ་མེས་རྫོང་ | ||||||||||
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Pome County[3][4] (Tibetan:སྤོ་མེས་རྫོང)[2] orBomê County (Chinese:波密县)[2] is a county ofNyingchi Prefecture in the south-east of theTibet Autonomous Region.[4] Historically known asPowo orPoyul, it was the seat of a quasi-independent kingdom until the early 20th century when troops of the Dalai Lama's Lhasa government integrated it into the central Tibetan realm.The population was 25,897 in 2004.[4]
The region of Powo or Poyul, which is now constituted as the Pome County, lies to the northeast of the Tsangpo gorge, where theYarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) river turns abruptly to the south on its course towards India.[5][6]
Two major riversYi'ong Tsangpo andParlung Tsangpo flow into the Pome County from opposite directions to join near Tang-me. The combined river (called Yi'ong Tsangpo) exits the Pome County to the south to join Yarlung Tsangpo near MountGyala Peri.[4][7]
The lower reaches of these two rivers constitutePo-me or Lower Powo.[4]
Po-to or Upper Powo consists of the basin of another riverPoto Tsangpo, which originates within the Pome County, along with its tributary Yarlung Chu. Poto Tsangpo joins Parlung Tsangpo to the west of the "Pome Town" (Tramog).[4]
TheKingdom of Powo, orsPo yul (“country ofsPo”) was an offshoot of the ancient dynasty of the first Tibetan kings of theYarlung Valley. Its inhabitants had a reputation as fearsome savages, which meant most travelers kept clear of it and so it was one of the least known areas in the Tibetan traditional feudal establishment.[8]
Its isolation was also enhanced by the belief by a great number of Tibetans that in its borders was one of the 'hidden lands' orbeyul (Standard Tibetan:sbas-yul) referred to in the prophecies ofGuru Rinpoche. Poba's area of control far exceeded the boundaries of Pome County. The kingdom acted as a protecting power for the streams of Tibetan pilgrims searching for this Promised Land in theEast Himalayas from theLopa tribes (Assam Himalayan tribes) from the mid-seventeenth century. Its power extended south over the Doshong La pass, to include the location of one of these earthly paradises called "Padma bkod" (written variously Pema köd, Pemakö and Pemako), literally 'Lotus Array', a region in the North-Eastern Province ofUpper Siang ofArunachal Pradesh. Accounts of this terrestrial paradise influencedJames Hilton'sShangri-La.A period of instability overtook the kingdom after Chinese incursions in 1905 and 1911.[9]
The Bomi region has predominantly been semi-autonomous since the Tubo era. During the Qing Dynasty, governance was effectively under the authority of the King of Bomi. In 1910, the lastQing ambanLian Yu, dispatched forces to eradicate the Bomê soil king. In 1911, nine counties were established in Bomê In 1928, theKashag government dispatched forces to evict the son-in-law of the Bomê soil monarch, resulting in the complete integration of the Bomê region into Tibet.[10] By 1931 the Lhasa government had expelled the lastKa gnam sde pa ('king') and established two garrisons.[11]
In 1951, the People's Republic of China established the Second office in Chamdo, and in 1960, the three dzongs of Dzongdor, Boqu, and Yigong were consolidated and restructured into Bomê County.[12]
Pome has amonsoon-influencedoceanic climate (Köppen climate classificationCwb). The average annual temperature in Pome is 9.0 °C (48.2 °F). The average annual rainfall is 890.9 mm (35.07 in) with June as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 16.9 °C (62.4 °F), and lowest in January, at around 0.7 °C (33.3 °F).
| Climate data for Bomê County, elevation 2,736 m (8,976 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.8 (64.0) | 19.1 (66.4) | 21.9 (71.4) | 25.3 (77.5) | 28.1 (82.6) | 30.2 (86.4) | 31.2 (88.2) | 31.0 (87.8) | 29.5 (85.1) | 25.4 (77.7) | 19.7 (67.5) | 16.1 (61.0) | 31.2 (88.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.9 (48.0) | 10.4 (50.7) | 12.5 (54.5) | 16.0 (60.8) | 19.3 (66.7) | 21.8 (71.2) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.9 (75.0) | 21.3 (70.3) | 16.8 (62.2) | 13.4 (56.1) | 10.3 (50.5) | 16.5 (61.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) | 3.2 (37.8) | 5.8 (42.4) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.3 (54.1) | 15.5 (59.9) | 17.2 (63.0) | 16.9 (62.4) | 14.6 (58.3) | 9.9 (49.8) | 4.9 (40.8) | 1.4 (34.5) | 9.3 (48.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.8 (23.4) | −1.9 (28.6) | 1.3 (34.3) | 4.2 (39.6) | 7.5 (45.5) | 11.3 (52.3) | 12.7 (54.9) | 12.5 (54.5) | 10.6 (51.1) | 5.7 (42.3) | −0.5 (31.1) | −4.5 (23.9) | 4.5 (40.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −14.5 (5.9) | −12.0 (10.4) | −10.1 (13.8) | −4.4 (24.1) | −1.7 (28.9) | 2.2 (36.0) | 4.2 (39.6) | 4.6 (40.3) | 0.4 (32.7) | −5.7 (21.7) | −10.0 (14.0) | −13.7 (7.3) | −14.5 (5.9) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 5.0 (0.20) | 27.0 (1.06) | 85.7 (3.37) | 112.6 (4.43) | 116.0 (4.57) | 127.1 (5.00) | 105.3 (4.15) | 89.2 (3.51) | 103.9 (4.09) | 84.4 (3.32) | 17.5 (0.69) | 4.8 (0.19) | 878.5 (34.58) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.0 | 8.2 | 16.3 | 17.7 | 20.1 | 23.6 | 23.4 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 15.6 | 6.1 | 3.2 | 182.8 |
| Average snowy days | 6.6 | 8.4 | 5.1 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 3.8 | 26.6 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 60 | 63 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 76 | 76 | 75 | 78 | 76 | 68 | 62 | 70 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 144.9 | 119.8 | 120.8 | 119.7 | 122.8 | 94.3 | 116.0 | 120.5 | 92.7 | 104.5 | 137.9 | 157.9 | 1,451.8 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 45 | 38 | 32 | 31 | 29 | 22 | 27 | 30 | 25 | 30 | 44 | 50 | 34 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[13][14] | |||||||||||||
Bomê County contains 3towns and 7townships.
| Name | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | ||||
| Zhamo Town (Tramog) | 扎木镇 | Zhāmù zhèn | སྤྲ་རྨོག་གྲོང་རྡལ། | sprag rmog grong rdal |
| Chumdo Town | 倾多镇 | Qīngduō zhèn | ཆུ་མདོ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | chu mdo grong rdal |
| Sumzom Town | 松宗镇 | Sōngzōng zhèn | གསུམ་འཛོམས་གྲོང་རྡལ། | gsum 'dzoms grong rdal |
| Townships | ||||
| Yi'ong Township | 易贡乡 | Yìgòng xiāng | ཡིད་འོང་ཤང་། | yid 'ong shang |
| Yupuk Township | 玉普乡 | Yùpǔ xiāng | གཡུ་ཕུག་ཤང་། | gyu phug shang |
| Kangyul Township | 康玉乡 | Kāngyù xiāng | ཁང་ཡུལ་ཤང་། | khang yul shang |
| Dorjé Township | 多吉乡 | Duōjí xiāng | རྡོ་རྗེ་ཤང་། | rdo rje shang |
| Shulmo Township | 玉许乡 | Yùxǔ xiāng | ཤུལ་མོ་ཤང་། | shul mo shang |
| Paggai Township | 八盖乡 | Bāgài xiāng | བྲག་སྐས་ཤང་། | brag skas shang |
| Gu Township | 古乡 | Gǔ xiāng | དགུ་ཤང་། | dgu shang |
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