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Isotopes of polonium

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Isotopes ofpolonium (₈₄Po)

Main isotopes^[1]			Decay
	abundance	half-life(t_1/2)	mode	product
²⁰⁸Po	synth	2.898 y	α	²⁰⁴Pb
²⁰⁸Po	synth	2.898 y	β⁺	²⁰⁸Bi
²⁰⁹Po	synth	124 y	α	²⁰⁵Pb
²⁰⁹Po	synth	124 y	β⁺	²⁰⁹Bi
²¹⁰Po	trace	138.376 d	α	²⁰⁶Pb

There are 42 isotopes ofpolonium (₈₄Po). They range in size from 186 to 227 nucleons. They are allradioactive.²¹⁰Po with ahalf-life of 138.376 days has the longest half-life of any naturally-occurring isotope of polonium and is the most common isotope of polonium. It is also the most easily synthesized polonium isotope.²⁰⁹Po, which does not occur naturally, has the longest half-life of allisotopes of polonium at 124 years.²⁰⁹Po can be made by using acyclotron to bombardbismuth with protons, as can²⁰⁸Po.^[2]

List of isotopes

[edit]

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Historic name	Z	N	Isotopic mass(Da) ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life	Decay mode	Daughter isotope ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Isotopic abundance
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Historic name	Excitation energy^{[n 7]}			Half-life	Decay mode	Daughter isotope ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Spin and parity ^{[n 6]}^{[n 7]}	Isotopic abundance
¹⁸⁶Po		84	102	186.004403(20)	28+16 −6 μs	α	¹⁸²Pb	0+
¹⁸⁷Po		84	103	187.003030(40)	1.40(25) ms	α	¹⁸³Pb	1/2−, 5/2−
^187mPo		4(27) keV			0.5 ms	α	¹⁸³Pb	13/2+#
¹⁸⁸Po		84	104	187.999416(21)	270(30) μs	α	¹⁸⁴Pb	0+
¹⁸⁹Po		84	105	188.998473(24)	3.5(5) ms	α	¹⁸⁵Pb	(5/2−)
¹⁹⁰Po		84	106	189.995102(14)	2.45(5) ms	α	¹⁸⁶Pb	0+
¹⁹¹Po		84	107	190.994558(8)	22(1) ms	α	¹⁸⁷Pb	3/2−
^191mPo		61(11) keV			93(3) ms	α	^187mPb	13/2+
¹⁹²Po		84	108	191.991340(11)	32.2(3) ms	α	¹⁸⁸Pb	0+
^192mPo		2294.6(10) keV			580(100) ns	IT	¹⁹²Po	11−
¹⁹³Po		84	109	192.991062(16)	399(34) ms	α	¹⁸⁹Pb	3/2−
^193mPo		100(6) keV			245(11) ms	α	^189mPb	13/2+
¹⁹⁴Po		84	110	193.988186(14)	392(4) ms	α	¹⁹⁰Pb	0+
^194mPo		2313.4(3) keV			12.9(5) μs	IT	¹⁹⁴Po	(10−)
¹⁹⁵Po		84	111	194.988066(6)	4.64(9) s	α (94%)	¹⁹¹Pb	3/2−
¹⁹⁵Po		84	111	194.988066(6)	4.64(9) s	β⁺?	¹⁹⁵Bi	3/2−
^195mPo		148(9) keV			1.92(2) s	α	^191mPb	13/2+
¹⁹⁶Po		84	112	195.985541(6)	5.56(12) s	α (94%)	¹⁹²Pb	0+
¹⁹⁶Po		84	112	195.985541(6)	5.56(12) s	β⁺?	¹⁹⁶Bi	0+
^196mPo		2493.9(4) keV			856(17) ns	IT	¹⁹⁶Po	11−
¹⁹⁷Po		84	113	196.985622(11)	53.6(9) s	β⁺?	¹⁹⁷Bi	(3/2−)
¹⁹⁷Po		84	113	196.985622(11)	53.6(9) s	α (44%)	¹⁹³Pb	(3/2−)
^197mPo		196(12)# keV			25.8(1) s	α (84%)	^193mPb	13/2+
						β⁺?	¹⁹⁷Bi
						IT?	¹⁹⁷Po
¹⁹⁸Po		84	114	197.983389(19)	1.760(24) min	α (57%)	¹⁹⁴Pb	0+
¹⁹⁸Po		84	114	197.983389(19)	1.760(24) min	β⁺ (43%)	¹⁹⁸Bi	0+
^198m1Po		2565.92(20) keV			200(20) ns	IT	¹⁹⁸Po	11−
^198m2Po		2740(50)# keV			750(50) ns	IT	¹⁹⁸Po	12+
¹⁹⁹Po		84	115	198.983666(25)	5.48(16) min	β⁺ (92.5%)	¹⁹⁹Bi	(3/2−)
¹⁹⁹Po		84	115	198.983666(25)	5.48(16) min	α (7.5%)	¹⁹⁵Pb	(3/2−)
^199mPo		312.0(28) keV			4.17(4) min	β⁺ (73.5%)	¹⁹⁹Bi	13/2+
						α (24%)	¹⁹⁵Pb
						IT (2.5%)	¹⁹⁹Po
²⁰⁰Po		84	116	199.981799(15)	11.5(1) min	β⁺ (88.8%)	²⁰⁰Bi	0+
²⁰⁰Po		84	116	199.981799(15)	11.5(1) min	α (11.1%)	¹⁹⁶Pb	0+
²⁰¹Po		84	117	200.982260(6)	15.3(2) min	β⁺ (98.4%)	²⁰¹Bi	3/2−
²⁰¹Po		84	117	200.982260(6)	15.3(2) min	α (1.6%)	¹⁹⁷Pb	3/2−
^201mPo		424.1(24) keV			8.9(2) min	IT (56.2(12)%)	²⁰¹Po	13/2+
						β⁺ (41.4(7)%)	²⁰¹Bi
						α (2.4(5)%)	¹⁹⁷Pb
²⁰²Po		84	118	201.980758(16)	44.7(5) min	β⁺ (98%)	²⁰²Bi	0+
²⁰²Po		84	118	201.980758(16)	44.7(5) min	α (2%)	¹⁹⁸Pb	0+
^202mPo		2626.7(7) keV			>200 ns			11−
²⁰³Po		84	119	202.981420(28)	36.7(5) min	β⁺ (99.89%)	²⁰³Bi	5/2−
²⁰³Po		84	119	202.981420(28)	36.7(5) min	α (.11%)	¹⁹⁹Pb	5/2−
^203m1Po		641.49(17) keV			45(2) s	IT (99.96%)	²⁰³Po	13/2+
^203m1Po		641.49(17) keV			45(2) s	α (.04%)	¹⁹⁹Pb	13/2+
^203m2Po		2158.5(6) keV			>200 ns
²⁰⁴Po		84	120	203.980318(12)	3.53(2) h	β⁺ (99.33%)	²⁰⁴Bi	0+
²⁰⁴Po		84	120	203.980318(12)	3.53(2) h	α (.66%)	²⁰⁰Pb	0+
²⁰⁵Po		84	121	204.981203(21)	1.66(2) h	β⁺ (99.96%)	²⁰⁵Bi	5/2−
²⁰⁵Po		84	121	204.981203(21)	1.66(2) h	α (.04%)	²⁰¹Pb	5/2−
^205m1Po		143.166(17) keV			310(60) ns			1/2−
^205m2Po		880.30(4) keV			645 μs			13/2+
^205m3Po		1461.21(21) keV			57.4(9) ms	IT	²⁰⁵Po	19/2−
^205m4Po		3087.2(4) keV			115(10) ns			29/2−
²⁰⁶Po		84	122	205.980481(9)	8.8(1) d	β⁺ (94.55%)	²⁰⁶Bi	0+
²⁰⁶Po		84	122	205.980481(9)	8.8(1) d	α (5.45%)	²⁰²Pb	0+
^206m1Po		1585.85(11) keV			222(10) ns			(8+)#
^206m2Po		2262.22(14) keV			1.05(6) μs			(9−)#
²⁰⁷Po		84	123	206.981593(7)	5.80(2) h	β⁺ (99.97%)	²⁰⁷Bi	5/2−
²⁰⁷Po		84	123	206.981593(7)	5.80(2) h	α (.021%)	²⁰³Pb	5/2−
^207m1Po		68.573(14) keV			205(10) ns			1/2−
^207m2Po		1115.073(16) keV			49(4) μs			13/2+
^207m3Po		1383.15(6) keV			2.79(8) s	IT	²⁰⁷Po	19/2−
²⁰⁸Po		84	124	207.9812457(19)	2.898(2) y	α (99.99%)	²⁰⁴Pb	0+
²⁰⁸Po		84	124	207.9812457(19)	2.898(2) y	β⁺ (.00277%)	²⁰⁸Bi	0+
²⁰⁹Po		84	125	208.9824304(20)	124(3) y	α (99.546%)	²⁰⁵Pb	1/2−
²⁰⁹Po		84	125	208.9824304(20)	124(3) y	β⁺ (.454%)	²⁰⁹Bi	1/2−
²¹⁰Po^{[n 8]}	Radium F	84	126	209.9828737(13)	138.376(2) d	α	²⁰⁶Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 9]}
^210mPo		5057.61(4) keV			263(5) ns			16+
²¹¹Po	Actinium C'	84	127	210.9866532(14)	516(3) ms	α	²⁰⁷Pb	9/2+	Trace^{[n 10]}
^211m1Po		1462(5) keV			25.2(6) s	α (99.98%)	²⁰⁷Pb	(25/2+)
^211m1Po		1462(5) keV			25.2(6) s	IT (.016%)	²¹¹Po	(25/2+)
^211m2Po		2135.7(9) keV			243(21) ns			(31/2−)
^211m3Po		4873.3(17) keV			2.8(7) μs			(43/2+)
²¹²Po	Thorium C'	84	128	211.9888680(13)	294.4(8) ns^[1]	α	²⁰⁸Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 11]}
^212mPo		2911(12) keV			45.1(6) s	α (99.93%)	²⁰⁸Pb	(18+)
^212mPo		2911(12) keV			45.1(6) s	IT (.07%)^[3]^[4]	²¹²Po	(18+)
²¹³Po		84	129	212.992857(3)	3.65(4) μs	α	²⁰⁹Pb	9/2+	Trace^{[n 12]}
²¹⁴Po	Radium C'	84	130	213.9952014(16)	164.3(20) μs	α	²¹⁰Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 9]}
²¹⁵Po	Actinium A	84	131	214.9994200(27)	1.781(4) ms	α	²¹¹Pb	9/2+	Trace^{[n 10]}
²¹⁵Po	Actinium A	84	131	214.9994200(27)	1.781(4) ms	β⁻ (2.3×10⁻⁴%)	²¹⁵At	9/2+	Trace^{[n 10]}
²¹⁶Po	Thorium A	84	132	216.0019150(24)	145(2) ms	α^{[n 13]}	²¹²Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 11]}
²¹⁷Po		84	133	217.006335(7)	1.47(5) s	α (95%)	²¹³Pb	5/2+#	Trace^{[n 12]}
²¹⁷Po		84	133	217.006335(7)	1.47(5) s	β⁻ (5%)	²¹⁷At	5/2+#	Trace^{[n 12]}
²¹⁸Po	Radium A	84	134	218.0089730(26)	3.10(1) min	α (99.98%)	²¹⁴Pb	0+	Trace^{[n 9]}
²¹⁸Po	Radium A	84	134	218.0089730(26)	3.10(1) min	β⁻ (.02%)	²¹⁸At	0+	Trace^{[n 9]}
²¹⁹Po		84	135	219.01361(16)	10.3(1) min	β⁻ (71.8%)	²¹⁹At	9/2+#
²¹⁹Po		84	135	219.01361(16)	10.3(1) min	α (28.2%)	²¹⁵Pb	9/2+#
²²⁰Po		84	136	220.0164(18)	40# s [>300 ns]	β⁻	²²⁰At	0+
²²¹Po		84	137	221.02123(20)	2.2(0.7) min	β⁻	²²¹At	9/2+#
²²²Po		84	138	222.024144(40)	9.1(7.2) min	β⁻	²²²At	0+
²²³Po		84	139	223.02907(21)#	6# s [>300 ns]	β⁻?	²²³At	11/2+#
²²⁴Po		84	140	224.03211(21)#	3# min [>300 ns]	β⁻?	²²⁴At	0+
²²⁵Po		84	141	225.03712(32)#	10# s [>300 ns]	β⁻?	²²⁵At	3/2+#
²²⁶Po		84	142	226.04031(43)#	1# min [>300 ns]	β⁻?	²²⁶At	0+
²²⁷Po		84	143	227.04539(43)#	2# s [>300 ns]	β⁻?	²²⁷At	5/2+#
This table header & footer: view

^^mPo – Excitednuclear isomer.
^( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
^Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^^a ^b# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^Most common isotope
^^a ^b ^cIntermediatedecay product of²³⁸U
^^a ^bIntermediate decay product of²³⁵U
^^a ^bIntermediate decay product of²³²Th
^^a ^bIntermediate decay product of²³⁷Np
^Theoretically capable of β⁻β⁻ decay to²¹⁶Rn^[1]

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^cKondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021)."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.45 (3): 030001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D.; Pröhl, G.; Twining, J. (2017).The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. Vol. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22.ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5.ISSN 0074-1914.
^Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
^"Adopted Levels for²¹²Po". NNDC Chart of Nuclides.

General references

Isotope data is sourced in:

Isotopic mass, spin and parity

Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001

Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).Boca Raton, Florida:CRC Press.ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

National Nuclear Data Center."NuDat 2.x database".Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Half-life

Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017)."The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.41 (3): 030001.Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.

National Nuclear Data Center."NuDat 2.x database".Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).Boca Raton, Florida:CRC Press.ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

Isotopes of thechemical elements

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Period	Hydrogen and alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals													Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
①	Isotopes § List H 1																	Isotopes § List He 2
②	Isotopes § List Li 3	Isotopes § List Be 4											Isotopes § List B 5	Isotopes § List C 6	Isotopes § List N 7	Isotopes § List O 8	Isotopes § List F 9	Isotopes § List Ne 10
③	Isotopes § List Na 11	Isotopes § List Mg 12											Isotopes § List Al 13	Isotopes § List Si 14	Isotopes § List P 15	Isotopes § List S 16	Isotopes § List Cl 17	Isotopes § List Ar 18
④	Isotopes § List K 19	Isotopes § List Ca 20	Isotopes § List Sc 21	Isotopes § List Ti 22	Isotopes § List V 23	Isotopes § List Cr 24	Isotopes § List Mn 25	Isotopes § List Fe 26	Isotopes § List Co 27	Isotopes § List Ni 28	Isotopes § List Cu 29	Isotopes § List Zn 30	Isotopes § List Ga 31	Isotopes § List Ge 32	Isotopes § List As 33	Isotopes § List Se 34	Isotopes § List Br 35	Isotopes § List Kr 36
⑤	Isotopes § List Rb 37	Isotopes § List Sr 38	Isotopes § List Y 39	Isotopes § List Zr 40	Isotopes § List Nb 41	Isotopes § List Mo 42	Isotopes § List Tc 43	Isotopes § List Ru 44	Isotopes § List Rh 45	Isotopes § List Pd 46	Isotopes § List Ag 47	Isotopes § List Cd 48	Isotopes § List In 49	Isotopes § List Sn 50	Isotopes § List Sb 51	Isotopes § List Te 52	Isotopes § List I 53	Isotopes § List Xe 54
⑥	Isotopes § List Cs 55	Isotopes § List Ba 56	Isotopes § List Lu 71	Isotopes § List Hf 72	Isotopes § List Ta 73	Isotopes § List W 74	Isotopes § List Re 75	Isotopes § List Os 76	Isotopes § List Ir 77	Isotopes § List Pt 78	Isotopes § List Au 79	Isotopes § List Hg 80	Isotopes § List Tl 81	Isotopes § List Pb 82	Isotopes § List Bi 83	Isotopes § List Po 84	Isotopes § List At 85	Isotopes § List Rn 86
⑦	Isotopes § List Fr 87	Isotopes § List Ra 88	Isotopes § List Lr 103	Isotopes § List Rf 104	Isotopes § List Db 105	Isotopes § List Sg 106	Isotopes § List Bh 107	Isotopes § List Hs 108	Isotopes § List Mt 109	Isotopes § List Ds 110	Isotopes § List Rg 111	Isotopes § List Cn 112	Isotopes § List Nh 113	Isotopes § List Fl 114	Isotopes § List Mc 115	Isotopes § List Lv 116	Isotopes § List Ts 117	Isotopes § List Og 118
⑧	Isotopes § List Uue 119	Isotopes § List Ubn 120

			Isotopes § List La 57	Isotopes § List Ce 58	Isotopes § List Pr 59	Isotopes § List Nd 60	Isotopes § List Pm 61	Isotopes § List Sm 62	Isotopes § List Eu 63	Isotopes § List Gd 64	Isotopes § List Tb 65	Isotopes § List Dy 66	Isotopes § List Ho 67	Isotopes § List Er 68	Isotopes § List Tm 69	Isotopes § List Yb 70
			Isotopes § List Ac 89	Isotopes § List Th 90	Isotopes § List Pa 91	Isotopes § List U 92	Isotopes § List Np 93	Isotopes § List Pu 94	Isotopes § List Am 95	Isotopes § List Cm 96	Isotopes § List Bk 97	Isotopes § List Cf 98	Isotopes § List Es 99	Isotopes § List Fm 100	Isotopes § List Md 101	Isotopes § List No 102