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Platform screen doors (PSDs), also known asplatform edge doors (PEDs), are used at sometrain,rapid transit andpeople mover stations to separate theplatform from train tracks, as well as on somebus rapid transit,tram andlight rail systems. Primarily used for passenger safety,[1] they are a relatively new addition to many metro systems around the world, some having been retrofitted to established systems. They are widely used in newerAsian andEuropean metro systems, andLatin American bus rapid transit systems.
The idea of platform edge doors dates from as early as 1908, when Charles S. Shute ofBoston was granted a patent for "Safety fence and gate for railway-platforms".[2] The invention consisted of "a fence for railway platform edges", composed of a series of pickets bolted to the platform edge, and vertically movable pickets that could retract into a platform edge when there was a train in the station.[3] In 1917, Carl Albert West was granted a patent for "Gate for subrailways and the like".[4] The invention provided for spaced guides secured to a tunnel's side wall, with "a gate having its ends guided in the guides, the ends and intermediate portions of the gate having rollers engaging the side wall". Pneumatic cylinders with pistons would be used to raise the gates above the platform when a train was in the station. Unlike Shute's invention, the entire platform gate was movable, and was to retract upward.[5]
The first stations in the world with platform screen doors were the ten stations of theSaint Petersburg Metro'sLine 2 that opened between 1961 and 1972. The platform "doors" are actually openings in the station wall which supports the ceiling of the platform. The track tunnels adjoining the ten stations'island platforms were built withtunnel boring machines (TBMs), and the island platforms were located in a separate vault between the two track tunnels. Usually, TBMs bore the deep-level tunnels between stations, while the station vaults are dug out manually and contain both the tracks and the platform. However, in the case of the Saint Petersburg Metro, the TBMs bored a pair of continuous tunnels that passed through ten stations, and the stations themselves were built in vaults that only contained the platform, with small openings on the sides of the vault, in order for passengers to access the trains in the tunnels.[6]
Singapore'sMass Rapid Transit, opened in 1987, is often described as the first heavy Metro system in the world to incorporate PSDs into its stations for climate control and safety reasons, rather than architectural constraints,[6][7][8] though thelightLille Metro, opened in 1983, predates it.[9]
Although the terms are often used interchangeably,platform screen doors can refer to both full-height and half-height barriers. Full height platform screen doors are total barriers between the station floor and ceiling, while the half-height platform screen doors are referred to asplatform edge doors orautomatic platform gates, as they do not reach the ceiling and thus do not create a total barrier. Platform gates are usually only half of the height of the full-screen doors, are chest-height sliding doors at the edge ofrailway platforms to prevent passengers from falling off the platform edge onto therailway tracks. But they sometimes reach to the height of the train. Like full-height platform screen doors, these platform gates slide open or close simultaneously with the train doors. These two types of platform screen doors are presently the main types in the world.
Thedoors help to:
Their primary disadvantage of PSDs is their cost. When used to retrofit older systems, they can limit the kind of rolling stock that may be used on a line, because the train doors must fit the spacing of the platform doors, which can result in additional costs, due to the otherwise unnecessary purchase of new rolling stock and consequent depot upgrades.
Despite delivering an overwhelming improvement to passenger safety at the platform-train interface, platform screen doors do introduce new hazards which must be carefully managed in design and delivery. The principal hazard is entrapment between closed platform doors and the train carriage which, if undetected, can lead to fatality when the train begins to move (see§ Incidents). Cases of this happening are rare, and the risk can be minimised with careful design, in particular by interlocking the door system with the signalling system, and by minimising the gap between the closed platform doors and the train body. In some cases active monitoring systems are used to monitor this gap.
Half-height platform edge doors, also known as automatic platform gates, are cheaper to install than full-height platform screen doors, which require more metallic framework for support. Some railway operators may therefore prefer such an option to improve safety at railway platforms and, at the same time, keep costs low and non-air-conditioned platforms naturally ventilated. However, these gates are less effective than full platform screen doors in preventing people from intentionally jumping onto the tracks.[14] These gates werefirst[clarify] in practical use by theHong Kong MTR on theDisneyland Resort line for the open-air station designs. Most half-height platform edge door designs have taller designs than the ones installed on the Disneyland Resort line.
There are also rope-type platform screen doors at stations where a number of train types, with different lengths and train door spacings, use the same platforms. The barriers move upwards, rather than sideways, to let passengers through.
Some Japanese, Korean, Chinese and Eastern European countries have stations that use rope-type screen doors, to lower the cost of installation and to deal with the problem of different train types and distances between car doors.
The first-ever full-height variable screen doors were installed on the underground platforms ofOsaka Station, which opened in March 2023, but a few half-height variants can be found on a set installed at theShinkansen platforms ofShinagawa Station inTokyo. Their use is rare since they are a much costlier and more complicated alternative to rope-type screen doors. The only difference from the latter is that they move sideways when letting passengers through.
At Osaka Station, the doors are designed as a single block (equivalent to the length of a train car). It consists of five units: one wall-like "parent door" suspended from the top and two sets of glass "child doors". When the train reaches the station, a special scanner on the platform reads the information on the ID tag placed on the train to identify its type and the number of cars. With the type and the number of cars having been instantly identified, each unit will slide automatically to match the configuration of the stopped train. The parent and child doors then slide into the optimal position to align precisely with the position of each car door.[15]
Since the technology is still new, such doors are still going through testing phases in several countries around the world.[16]
Line D of theBuenos Aires Subte is planned to have platform screen doors installed in the future, after thecommunications-based train control (CBTC) system has been installed.[17][18][19]
Sydney Metro, which opened in May 2019, was the first-fully automated rapid transit rail system in Australia. There are full-height screen doors on most underground platforms, with full-height edge doors on at-grade, elevated and some underground platforms. The existing five stations on theEpping to Chatswood railway line were upgraded to rapid transit standard, all being fitted with full-height platform edge doors.[20]
In Melbourne, theMetro Tunnel, fromSouth Kensington toSouth Yarra, due to open in 2025, will have platform screen doors on the underground stations.[21]New rolling stock is being constructed, with doors that will line up with full-height PSDs on the platforms. The fully automatedSuburban Rail Loop, which is due to open in 2035, will have platform screen doors at every station.
TheCross River Rail in Brisbane, which is currently under construction and scheduled to open in 2026, will have platform screen doors on the newBoggo Road,Woolloongabba andAlbert Street underground stations, and the new underground platforms ofRoma Street station.[22]
Currently, only theSerfaus U-Bahn and Line U2 of theVienna U-Bahn (fromSchottentor station toKarlsplatz station) use platform screen doors. The section was reopened on 6.12.2024 after 3 years of constructing.[23]
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TheDhaka Metro Rail uses half-height platform screen doors at all of its elevated stations.
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Platform screen doors are being installed on Line 3 of theMinsk Metro, which first opened in late 2020, and will be installed at stations on the later sections of the line.[24]
The Platform Screen Doors have been present in theSão Paulo Metro since 2010, when the Sacomã Station was opened.[26] As of 2019, five of the six lines of theSão Paulo Metro have the equipment: Lines4 - Yellow,5 - Lilac and15 - Silver have the equipment installed in all of its stations. The feature is also present in some stations ofLine 2 - Green andLine 3 - Red. They are planned to be installed in 41 stations of lines 1, 2 and 3 by the end of2021,[27] as well as all stations of line 5 by the end of 2020.[28][needs update]
PSDs are also found on thetube stations of theRIT BRT and in theSantos Light Rail since 2016.[29]
Half-height platform screen doors are in use on all stations of theSofia Metro Line 3.[30]
In 2020, rope-type screen door (RSD) system was installed inVasil Levski Stadium Metro Station andOpalchenska Metro Station of theSofia Metro Line 1 and Line 2. “Standard” platform doors cannot be used on those lines because of the differing door layouts between the81-717/714 and81-740/741 models used. In total, such rope-typesafety barriers will be installed on more 10 of the busiest stations on the Line 1 and 2 of theSofia Metro, providing increased safety for passengers and protecting against accidental falls.[31]
Screen doors are in use at all threeLINK Train stations and theUnion andPearson stations along theUnion Pearson Express route toToronto Pearson International Airport inMississauga, Ontario. Platform screen doors will be installed at all stations on the forthcomingOntario Line.[32] In addition, as a part of major renovations and expansions to theBloor-Yonge interchange, platform screen doors will be installed on both Line 1 platforms. The doors will also be installed on the Line 2 platforms onceCBTC signalling upgrades are made to the line. The addition of such doors at Bloor-Yonge has prompted rumours of a broader system wide rollout, including in the forthcomingScarborough Subway Extension andYonge North Subway Extension, though no confirmation or funding has been announced by theToronto Transit Commission or theGovernment of Ontario.[33]
Greater Montreal's forthcomingRéseau express métropolitain (REM), the 67-kilometre-long driverless complementary suburban rapid transit network opening in five phases between 2023 and 2027[34] will feature screen doors at each of its 26 stations.
With the advent of the REM on the horizon, calls to retrofit platform edge doors in theMontreal Metro to combat delays arising from overcrowding are becoming more common. If full-height doors were to be installed, it may reduce the difficulty in opening station entrance doors at ground level due to the pressure imbalance caused by passing trains.[citation needed] Given that there are two different train door layouts on the Montreal Metro, with the olderMR-73 trains having 4 doors on each side of the car, andMPM-10 having 3, it is unlikely platform doors will be showing up in the Montreal Metro until the retirement of the MR-73 fleet.
In June 2023, the operator of theVancouver SkyTrain,TransLink announced a feasibility study into installing platform screen doors on theExpo andMillennium lines. Such installation was previously deemed infeasible, due to SkyTrain's diverse fleet and different door positions. However, with the acquisition of theAlstom Mark V trains, which will replace the ageingMark I, the door positions allow for a feasibility study to proceed. The results will be released sometime in 2025.[35]
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Platform edge doors are currently in use at Lines3 and6 of theSantiago Metro, being a novelty in the system.
All Chinese metro systems have platform screen doors installed on most of their lines. All stations built after the mid-2000s have some form of platform barrier.Guangzhou Metro Line 2, which opened in 2002, is the first metro system in mainland China to have installed platform screen doors since its completion.[36] The olderGuangzhou Metro Line 1 also completed the installation of platform screen doors between 2006 and 2009.[37][38][39] Only theDalian Metro lines 3, 12, and 13,Wuhan Metro line 1 and Changchun Metro lines 3, 4, and 8 have stations without the platform screen doors on their early lines (As of 21 September 2019[update]). However many are starting the process of retrofitting these lines with platform screen gates.
In addition, manybus rapid transit systems such as theGuangzhou Bus Rapid Transit also have stops that are equipped with platform screen doors. Platform screen doors are also present in some tram and light rail stops such as theXijiao Light rail,Nanjing tram andChengdu tram.
Several underground high speed railway stations of theCRH network use platform screen doors set back from the platform edge.
In addition, Fengxian District in Shanghai installed platform gates at a road crossing.
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Several stations on Bogota'sTransMilenio bus rapid transit system use platform screen doors. TheAyacucho Tram in Medellin also has half-height platform doors at every station.
TheCopenhagen Metro uses Westinghouse[40] and Faiveley platform screen doors on all platforms. Full-height doors are used on underground stations while surface level stations have half-height doors (except fromLufthavnen andOrientkaj). Underground stations have had platform doors since opening, while above ground stations on lines 1 and 2 did not initially, and were installed later.
TheHelsinki Metro had a trial run with Faiveley automatic platform gates installed on a single platform atVuosaari metro station during phase one of the project. The doors, which are part of the Siemens metro automation project, were built in 2012. Phase 2 of the project has been delayed due to metro automation technical and safety related testings.[41] The doors were removed in 2015.
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All lines of theVAL automated subway system are equipped with platform screen doors at every station, starting withLille subways in 1983. Those also includeToulouse andRennes as well as theCDGVAL andOrlyval airport shuttles.
Paris Métro's line14 fromSaint-Lazare toBibliothèque François Mitterrand was inaugurated in 1998 with platform screen doors manufactured byFaiveley Transport. The new stationOlympiades opened with platform screen doors in June 2007. Lines1 and4 have been retrofitted with platform edge doors, for full driverless automation effective in 2012 and 2023, respectively. Some stations on Line13 have had platform edge doors since 2010 to manage their overcrowding, after tests conducted in 2006.
Since 30 June 2020, a new kind of vertical platform screen doors, calledplatform curtains, are being tested on the platform 2bis ofVanves–Malakoff station (in Paris region) on theTransilien Line N commuter rail line. The experiment should end in February 2021.[42]Transilien said that they preferred platform curtains to classical screen doors for this line because the positioning of the doors is not the same across therolling stock, and that they plan to install them in other Transilien stations if the experiment is successful.[43]
Paris is now getting a new urban revolution : TheGrand Paris Express. As of it, every new stations are getting brand new full platform screen doors, and it begins with the Line 14 extension inaugurated in 2024, from Saint-Denis pleyel to Orly Airport.
People movers atFrankfurt International Airport,Munich International Airport andDüsseldorf Airport are equipped with platform screen doors, as well as the suspended monorail inDortmund, calledH-Bahn. Plans are underway to test platform screen doors on theMunich U-Bahn in 2023 and line U5 & U6 will be installed in late 2026.[44]
All stations on the forthcoming line U5 on theHamburg U-Bahn will feature full-height platform screen doors.
Platform screen doors will be used on the driverlessThessaloniki Metro,[45] which opened in November 2024 and in the under constructionLine 4 of theAthens Metro.
Currently, all heavy rail and medium-capacity railway platforms outside theEast Rail line are equipped with either platform screen doors or automatic platform gates. On the East Rail line, PSDs are installed only atAdmiralty,Exhibition Centre andHung Hom stations. Automatic platform gates have also been installed atRacecourse,Lok Ma Chau,Sha Tin,Sheung Shui,Tai Po Market andTai Wai. Installation is still in progress or are soon to begin at the remaining stations. Automatic platform gates are currently only used in at-grade and elevated stations, while platform screen doors are used in all underground and some at-grade or elevated stations. None of thelight rail platforms have platform screen doors or automatic platform gates installed.
TheMTR Corporation had since mid-1996, been studying the feasibility of installing PSDs at the older stations to reduce suicides on the MTR and reduce air-conditioning costs. Platforms 2 and 3 ofChoi Hung were chosen for the trial due to them being redundant platforms and receiving low numbers of passengers. Platform screen doors of two and a half cars' length were installed on each of the two platforms during the trial in 1996. As the Kwun Tong line trains consisted of eight cars, it was decided that the PSDs were to be removed to allow for smoother train operations.[citation needed]
With the opening of theTung Chung line andAirport Express, Hong Kong had its first full-height PSDs fully operational in 1998.
The MTR decided in 1999 to undertake the PSD Retrofitting Programme at 74 platforms of 30 select underground stations on theKwun Tong,Island, andTsuen Wan lines. 2,960 pairs of PSDs were ordered from Gilgen Door Systems. Choi Hung became the first station to receive platform screen doors from this programme in August 2001. The Mass Transit Railway became the first metro system in the world to retrofit PSDs on a transit system already in operation.[46] The program was completed in March 2006.[47] All subsequent new stations or platforms installed with PSDs also used those manufactured by Gilgen Door Systems, until the cross-harbour extension of the East Rail Line which used platform screen doors manufactured by Fangda Group.[48]
The opening of theSunny Bay andDisneyland Resort stations in 2005 also meant the first platform-edge doors entering operation for the MTR network. These doors are currently the lowest in the entire network of being at around 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) high, compared to 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in) on the Kwun Tong, Tsuen Wan, Island and Tung Chung lines and 1.7 m (5 ft 7 in) on theTuen Ma andSouth Island lines.
In 2006, the MTR began studying ways to introduce barriers at above-ground and at-grade stations, which was considered more complicated as those stations were naturally ventilated and the introduction of full-height platform screen doors would entail the installation of air conditioning systems. In 2008, the corporation decided to install automatic platform gates (APGs) at eight stations (the MTR Corporation Limited and KCR Corporation had been operationally merged since 2007, but KCR stations were not included in this study).[47] The eight stations were retrofitted with APGs in 2011.
From July 2000 to December 2013, the MTR Corporation collected a surcharge of 10cents from eachOctopus-paying passenger to help pay for the installation of PSDs and APGs. Over HK$1.15 billion was collected in total.[49]
Platform screen doors were also installed on all platforms of theWest Rail line (now part of theTuen Ma line), then built by theKowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC) before theMTR–KCR merger. TheMa On Shan line did not have gates upon opening even though it was built at the same time as the West Rail; they were eventually added from 2014 to 2017 prior to the opening of the first phase of the Tuen Ma line on 14 February 2020.
The installation of platform screen doors in Hong Kong has been effective in reducing railway injuries and service disruptions.[50]
The then-longest set of platform screen doors in the world can be found inEast Tsim Sha Tsui station, where it first served theEast Rail line when 12-carMLR trains were still in service.[51] Following the completion of theKowloon Southern Link and handing over of the station to theWest Rail line (now part of the Tuen Ma line), the subsequent reduction of train length from 12 to 7 cars caused many of the screen doors to be put out of service, although the trains were lengthened to eight cars in May 2018.
The West Rail line (now part of Tuen Ma line), had all stations installed with APGs, and another constituent line of the Tuen Ma line, the Ma On Shan line, had its final APG installed enter service on 20 December 2017.
The last non-tram/light rail stations in Hong Kong without platform screen doors or gates are all on theEast Rail line, a former KCR line not part of the MTR APG retrofitting programmes. TheKCR Corporation found it difficult to install APGs because of the wide curves of the platforms and large gaps of their platforms, especially inUniversity,Lo Wu, andMong Kok East station. However, these remaining thirteen stations are all being retrofitted byKaba as part of theSha Tin to Central Link project. The APGs are estimated to be at around 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) high.[52] Adding APGs to the East Rail Line platforms requires platform strengthening with rebars and brackets as the gates, combined with heavy winds, can greatly increase structural load on the platform structure. Also extensive waterproofing work is needed as many of these platforms are directly exposed to the elements.
As of May 15, 2022, three stations on the East Rail Line (Hung Hom, Exhibition Centre, Admiralty) are equipped with platform screen doors, while the remaining stations are undergoing retrofitting. The platform screen doors presently in service in the MTR have been supplied by the Swiss manufacturerKaba Gilgen, the JapaneseNabtesco Corporation (under the Nabco brand), the FrenchFaiveley Transport and Shenzhen Fangda Automatic System.
Apart from the MTR, all stations on theHong Kong International AirportAutomated People Mover are equipped with platform screen doors made fromWestinghouse (for Phase 1)[53] and Panasonic (for Midfield Extension).[54] The platforms for the shuttle bus service between theNorth Satellite Concourse and the East Hall of Terminal One at the HKIA, Chek Lap Kok, the New Territories and the bus platforms inYue Man Square in Kwun Tong, New Kowloon[55] are also retrofitted with PSDs. After it reopened on 27 August 2022, thePeak Tram was retrofitted with platform edge doors on the boarding side of the terminus stations.
On theDelhi Metro, all stations on theDelhi Airport Metro Express line, which links toIndira Gandhi International Airport have been equipped with full-height platform screen doors since 2011 and the six busiest stations on theYellow Line have also been equipped with half height platform gates.[56][57] Automatic platform gates on all the stations of thePink,Magenta Line andGrey Line.
Platform screen doors are also used in all underground stations of theChennai Metro.[58]
InKolkata Metro, all elevated and underground stations ofGreen Line have platform screen doors. They are planned to be introduced in underground stations ofPurple Line,Yellow Line andOrange Line. There are also plans to install platform screen doors inBlue Line.[59]
All the stations of under-constructionHyderabad Airport Express Metro will have a provision of half-height platform screen doors (PSD) for improved passenger safety.[60] On theNamma Metro inBangalore, platform doors will be installed for its phase II operations and is expected to be completed by 2019.[61] TheElectronic City metro station in southern Bengaluru, on theYellow Line, will be the first Namma Metro station to have platform screen doors installed.[62]
On theMumbai Metro, all lines being made byMMRDA will have half-height platform screen doors on all elevated stations and full-height platform screen doors in the underground stations, as the trains used in these lines have aGoA level 4, and also to reduce risk of passenger deaths by overcrowding. InLine 2A, The Yellow Line,Line 7A, The Red Line andLine 3, the Aqua line, will have full-height platform screen doors, as the line is fully underground, and like the MMRDA lines above, will have GoA level 4 (Unattended train operation).[63][64][65][66]
All underground stations on thePune Metro will have platform screen doors.[67]
TheSoekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain, opened in 2017, has full-height platform screen doors. TheJakarta MRT, opened in 2019, has full-height PSDs in underground stations and half-height PSDs in elevated stations. TheJakarta LRT, opened in 2019, has half-height PSDs. TheGreater Jakarta LRT, which opened in 2023, has half-height platform screen doors.[68] PSDs are used in someTransJakarta bus stops, but they are often broken and have to be turned off.[69][70]
The futureDublin MetroLink will have platform screen doors.[citation needed]
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The underground stations on theRed Line on theTel Aviv Light Rail have full height platform screen doors, with the exception of the Elifelet, Shenkar and Kiryat Arye stations which have half-height Platform screen doors.
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Platform screen doors are used in most newly built rapid transit lines and systems of new construction inItaly. PSDs are present onTurin Metro, theVenice People Mover, thePerugia Minimetrò, theBrescia Metro,Line 4 andLine 5 of theMilan Metro, Marconi ExpressBologna,Pisa Mover (linking Pisa airport and Pisa Centrale station) andLine C of theRome Metro.
TheTokyo Metro andToei Subway began using barriers with the 1991 opening of theNamboku Line (which has full-height platform screen doors),[71] and subsequently installed automatic platform gates on theMita,Marunouchi, andFukutoshin lines. Some railway lines, including the subway systems inSapporo,Sendai,Nagoya,Osaka,Kyoto, andFukuoka, also utilize barriers to some extent.
In August 2012, the Japanese government announced plans to install barriers at stations used by 100,000 or more people per day, and theMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism allotted 36 million yen ($470,800) for research and development of the system the 2011-2012 fiscal year. A difficulty was the fact that some stations are used by different types of trains with different designs, making barrier design a challenge.[72]
As of November 2012[update], only 34 of 235 stations with over 100,000 users per day were able to implement the plan. The ministry stated that 539 of approximately 9,500 train stations across Japan have barriers. Of the Tokyo Metro stations, 78 of 179 have some type of platform barrier.[73][needs update]
In 2018, automatic platform gates were installed on theSōbu Rapid Line platforms atShin-Koiwa. As the line's trains are 300 m (980 ft) long, the set of platform gates broke the world record for the longest platform doors atEast Tsim Sha Tsui station in Hong Kong.[74][75]
In March 2023, the underground facilities at Osaka Station (nicknamedUme-kita during planning and construction) opened. The platforms for the Haruka and Kuroshio limited express services have movable full-screen automated platform doors that cover the entire platform from the edge to the ceiling and such doors are the first of its kind.[15][76]
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Platform screen doors (PSD) are installed at all undergroundKelana Jaya Line stations, fromAmpang Park toMasjid Jamek,Kajang Line, fromMuzium Negara toMaluri stations andPutrajaya Line, fromSentul Barat toChan Sow Lin. The automated announcement message reading "For safety reasons, please stand behind the yellow line" in bothEnglish andMalay languages are also heard before the train arrived at all stations.
There are also platform screen doors (PSD) on theKLIA Ekspres atKuala Lumpur Sentral andKLIA stations. Both stations atKLIA Aerotrain also have platform screen doors.
The automatic platform gates (APG) also have been installed in all elevated and subsurface stations of theKajang Line,KL Monorail andPutrajaya Line.
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Platform screen doors are present at various bus rapid transit systems in Mexico, such as at the stations of the GuadalajaraMacrobús and theEcovía system of Monterrey. Platform screen doors can be seen as well on theAerotrén, an airport people mover atMexico City International Airport. No metros in Mexico currently use any type of barrier however.
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TheLahore Metro utilises half-height platform edge doors at elevated stations and full-height platform screen doors at underground stations. Manybus rapid transit systems have full-height platform screen doors installed, including theLahore Metrobus,Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus,Multan Metrobus,TransPeshawar, andKarachi Breeze.
Half-height platform screen doors shall be installed on theNorth–South Commuter Railway,[77] while full-height platform screen doors shall be installed on theMetro Manila Subway.[78] The system is sought to open in stages between 2025 and 2029.
Full-height platform screen doors will be used in underground stations of Line 2 of theLima Metro, which opened in 2023.[79][needs update]
Platform screen doors are in use in all stations of theDoha Metro.[80] They are also found on theLusail tram.
Platform screen doors shall be used on the futureCluj-Napoca Metro.[citation needed]
Park Pobedy (Russian: Парк Победы) is a station of theSaint Petersburg Metro that was the first station in the world with platform doors. The station was opened in 1961. Later, nine more stations of this type were built inLeningrad (nowadaysSaint Petersburg):Petrogradskaya (Russian: Петроградская),Vasileostrovskaya (Russian: Василеостровская),Gostiny Dvor (Russian: Гостиный двор),Mayakovskaya (Russian: Маяковская),Ploshchad Alexandra Nevskogo I (Russian: Площадь Александра Невского-1),Moskovskaya (Russian: Московская),Yelizarovskaya (Russian: Елизаровская),Lomonosovskaya (Russian: Ломоносовская), andZvyozdnaya (Russian: Звёздная).
There was an electronic device to ensure that the train stopped with its doors adjacent to the platform doors; they were installed so that driverless trains could eventually be used on the lines.[81] Line 2 uses GoA2automatic train operation to make this easier, however, Line 3 does not. Unlike other platform screen doors, which are lightweight units with extensive glazing installed on a normal platform edge, the St Petersburg units give the appearance of a solid wall with heavyweight doorways and solid steel sliding doors, similar to a bank of elevators in a large building, and the train cannot be seen entering from the platform; passengers become familiar with the sound alone to indicate a train arrival.
In May 2018, two other similar stations were opened:Novokrestovskaya (now Zenit) andBegovaya. Unlike the first ten stations that were built, these stations utilize glass screen doors, allowing the train to be seen entering from the platform, like most other systems. It is unclear why platform doors were installed here as they are absent in all other metros in Russia, theCIS (except that of Minsk, shown above), or the formerEastern bloc (excluding Sofia, also shown above, albeit on a line with equipment incompatible with that of the typical Eastern bloc metro).
The only other platform doors in Russia are found on theSheremetyevo International Airport people mover.
TheAl Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro line in Mecca uses full platform screen doors. TheRiyadh Metro which opened on 1 December 2024 uses full platform screen doors on all stations.
The futureBelgrade Metro will have platform screen doors in some stations.[citation needed]
TheMass Rapid Transit (MRT) was the firstrapid transit system in Asia to incorporate platform screen doors in its stations in 1987.[82] Full height PSDs mainly manufactured byWestinghouse are installed at all underground MRT and sub-surface stations, while half-height platform screen doors were retrofitted into all elevated stations by March 2012. TheLRT stations atBukit Panjang,Sengkang andPunggol lack physical doors, only barriers with openings where the doors go (excluding the now-closedTen Mile Junction station, which had full height doors) and vary in size according to their location on the platform.[citation needed]
There are two variants of the full-height platform screen doors in use. The first variant, made by Westinghouse, was installed at all underground stations along theNorth South line and theEast West line from 1987 to the completion of the initial system in 1990. The second variant incorporating more glass on the doors has since been used on all lines thereafter.[citation needed]
Considered a novelty at the time of its installation, platform screen doors were introduced primarily to minimise hefty air-conditioning costs, especially since elevated stations are not air-conditioned and are much more economical to run in comparison.[7] The safety aspects of these doors became more important in light of high-profile incidents where individuals were injured or killed by oncoming trains.[83] In 2008, authorities began the process of retrofitting existing elevated stations with half-height screen doors.[84] However,Land Transport Authority stated that the retrofit was not motivated by the need to make the stations safe, "but to prevent system-wide delay and service disruption and to reduce the social cost to all commuters caused by track intrusions."[85] The retrofit was completed in 2012.[86]
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Yongdu station ofSeoul Subway Line 2 was the first station on theSeoul Subway to feature platform screen doors; the station opened in October 2005. By the end of 2009, many of the 289 stations operated bySeoul Metro had platform doors by Hyundai Elevator.[87] Seoul Metro Lined1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and9 were equipped with platform screen doors. Most of the stations operated byKorail have completed installation, but some of the stations are not yet equipped with platform screen doors. All stations inSouth Korea (except forDorasan Station) will have platform screen doors by 2023.[88][needs update] As of 2017, 100% of subway stations are equipped with platform screen doors inDaejeon,Gwangju,Busan,Incheon andDaegu.[89]
The platform screen doors, installed inMunyang station inDaegu Metro Line 2 byThe Korea Transport Institute in 2013, have a unique rope-based platform screen named Rope type Platform Safety Door (RPSD).[90] A door sets of rope blocks separate the platform from the rails. When the train arrives, the rope screen door sets are vertically opened and allow passenger boarding to and from the train. This RPSD was also used inNokdong station onGwangju Metro Line 1, but was removed in 2012, and a new full-height platform screen door was installed in 2016 instead.
Half platform screens were installed first inProvença FGC station (Barcelona) around 2003. Later doors were tested onBarcelona Metro line 11 before fitting them on all stations for the newlines 9 and10, which operate driverless.[citation needed] Platform screen doors were also trialed on four stations ofline 12 (MetroSur) of theMadrid Metro from November 2009 until January 2010.[91] Platform doors are also found on theMadrid Barajas Airport People Mover atAdolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport and theSeville Metro line 1 light metro.
Stockholm commuter rail has platform doors on two underground stations opened in July 2017, as part of theStockholm City Line.[92] TheStockholm Metro will test platform doors atÅkeshov metro station in 2015 andBagarmossen metro station in 2021, the metro stations includingKungsträdgården metro station-NackaKungsträdgården metro station-Hagsätra metro station will have platform screen doors when it is completed between 2026 and 2030.[93] As there are multiple door layouts in use on the Stockholm Metro (a full-lengthC20 having 21 doors on each side, and the older Cx series and newerC30 having 24), it is unlikely platform doors will be common anytime soon. The undergroundLiseberg station in Gothenburg has platform doors which were built before its opening 1993. The reason was safety against the freight trains that go in this tunnel. These doors are built one meter from the platform edge and do therefore not restrict the train type.
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Zurich International Airport'sSkymetro shuttle between the main building (hosting terminals A and B) and the detached terminal E has glass screen doors separating the tracks from the passenger hall platforms at both ends.Lausanne Metro's Line M2 has glass screen doors at every station, including a rare instance where platform doors are installed on a slanted surface, as the line was previously a funicular.
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OnTaipei Metro, platform screen doors were first installed on theWenhu line (then known as Muzha line) in 1996. Older high-capacity MRT lines (Tamsui Line,Xindian Line,Zhonghe Line, and theBannan Line) were initially constructed without platform screen doors but have now been retrofitted with automatic platform gates since 2018. Newer stations, on theXinyi Line (part of the Tamsui-Xinyi Line),Luzhou and Xinzhuang Line (part of the Zhonghe-Xinlu Line),Songshan Line (part of the Songshan-Xindian Line),Circular line, andpart of the Bannan Line'sDingpu Station andTaipei Nangang Exhibition Center Station) are constructed with platform screen doors. The Circular Line have installed platform screen doors since opening, butDanhai Light Rail did not, as is typical for most street railways to not have platform doors.
OnKaohsiung Metro, all underground stations have installed platform screen doors, while elevated stations did not.Daliao Station installed half-height platform screen doors in 2020.
OnTaoyuan Metro andTaichung Metro, all elevated stations installed half-height platform screen doors while underground stations installed full-height platform screen doors.
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Platform screen doors were first installed on theBTS Skytrain andBangkok MRT Systems, followed by the Airport Rail Link System in Makkasan Station (Express Platform) and Suvarnabhumi Station (both City and Express Line platforms). BTS Skytrain system first installed the platform screen doors at Siam Station, later upgrading other busy stations. Today, almost all stations on the Bangkok Electrified Rail System have installed platform screen doors to prevent people from falling onto the tracks. The BTS Skytrain has installed PSDs at 18 out of its 44 stations. PSDs have been installed at all of the stations on the Purple and Blue Lines of the Bangkok MRT system. Airport Rail Link has installed a stainless steel barrier to prevent people from falling, but has not installed full-height doors due to concerns that the high speed of the trains could break the glass[citation needed]. All new stations in Bangkok must install platform screen doors.
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Platform doors are found on Istanbul Metro linesM5,M7, M8 and M11, all fully driverless. Seyrantepe station on lineM2 and F1, F3 and F4 also have platform doors.
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Platform screen doors are installed on all the platforms in the fully automatedDubai Metro, as well as on theDubai Airport People Mover,Palm Jumeirah Monorail andDubai Tram (the world's first tram system to feature platform screen doors).
TheJubilee Line Extension project saw platform edge doors installed on its new stations that were underground, and were produced by Westinghouse.[94] There are plans to install PEDs in existing London Underground stations along theBakerloo,Central,Piccadilly, andWaterloo & City lines as part ofNew Tube for London.[95] A provision for installing platform edge doors is found on theNorthern line extension stations, but no doors were installed in the stations when they opened in 2021.[96]
PEDs are present on theGatwick Airport shuttle system,Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 airside people-mover shuttle,Birmingham Airport AirRail Link,Stansted Airport Transit System and theLuton DART.
The Elizabeth line, the new cross-city line forLondon (delivered as theCrossrail Project) has platform screen doors on each of the sixteen sub-surface platforms of its central section.[97] Each platform has twenty-seven doors which align with the twenty-seven saloon doors of the newBritish Rail Class 345 which operates the service. The doors form a 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) high glass and steel screen the entire length of the platform. The door opening is 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) wide, and the system includes integrated passenger information and digital advertising screens. The system is unusual in that the trains served are full-sized commuter trains, larger and longer than the trains of metro systems more commonly equipped with platform screen doors. In total, some 4 km of platform screen is provided.
TheGlasgow Subway will have half-height screen doors after new rolling stock are introduced in 2023.[98]
Platform screen doors are rare in the United States, and are nearly exclusively found on small-scale systems. Honolulu'sSkyline, which began operations in June 2023, is the first and only large-scale publicly-run metro system in the country to feature platform screen doors, with platform gates at every station manufactured byStanley Access Technologies.[99] They are also used by the general-purposeLas Vegas Monorail system.
New York City'sMetropolitan Transportation Authority has not committed to installing platform screen doors in itssubway system, though it had been considering such an idea since the 1980s.[100] Their installation presents substantial technical challenges, in part because of different placements of doors onNew York City Subway rolling stock.[101] Additionally, the majority of the system cannot accommodate platform doors regardless of door locations, due to factors such as narrow platforms and structurally insufficient platform slabs (seeTechnology of the New York City Subway § Platform screen doors).[102][103] Following a series of incidents during one week in November 2016, in which three people were injured or killed after being pushed into tracks, the MTA started to consider installing platform edge doors for the42nd Street Shuttle.[104] In October 2017, the MTA formally announced that platform screen doors would be installed at theThird Avenue station on theL train as part of apilot program,[105][106] but the pilot was later postponed.[107]Following several pushing incidents, the MTA announced a PSD pilot program at three stations in February 2022: the7 and <7> trains' platform atTimes Square; theE train's platform atSutphin Boulevard–Archer Avenue–JFK Airport; and the Third Avenue station.[108][109] The MTA started soliciting bids from platform-door manufacturers in mid-2022;[110] the doors are planned to be installed starting in December 2023 at a cost of $6 million.[111] Designs for the platform doors were being finalized by June 2023.[112][113]
People movers, systems that ferry passengers across large distances they would otherwise walk, make use of platform screen doors. These systems are common at airports such asHartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport andDenver International Airport. ThePort Authority of New York and New Jersey uses full height platform screen doors at two of its systems:AirTrain JFK andAirTrain Newark (servingJohn F. Kennedy International Airport andNewark Liberty International Airport respectively).San Francisco International Airport hasAirTrain, a 6-mile-long line whose stations are fully enclosed with platform screen doors, allowing access to the fully automated people mover.[citation needed]ChicagoO'Hare International Airport has a people mover system which operates 24 hours a day and is a 2.5 mile long (4 km) line that operates between the four terminals at the airport and parking areas; each station is fully enclosed with platform screen doors allowing access to the fully automated people mover trains.AeroTrain is a 3.78-mile (6.08 km) people mover system atWashington Dulles International Airport inDulles, Virginia, with fully enclosed tracks including platform screen doors. TheUnited States Capitol subway system, a train cart people mover system, uses platform gates.
Platform screen doors are in use on theLos Teques Metro. The first station to have screen doors implemented on the system was Guaicaipuro.[114]
Platform screen doors are currently used on theHo Chi Minh City Metro, with full-height doors for underground stations and half-height doors for above-ground stations.[citation needed]
On theShanghai Metro in 2007, a man forcing his way onto a crowded train became trapped between the train door and platform door as they closed. He was pulled under the departing train and killed.[115] In 2010, a woman in Shanghai'sZhongshan Park Station was killed[116] under the same circumstances when she got trapped between the train and platform doors. An almost identical death occurred on theBeijing Subway in 2014—the third death involving platform doors in China within the several years preceding it.[117][118] In 2018, a woman was similarly trapped between the platform doors and train at Shanghai'sBao'an Highway station. She escaped injury by standing still as the train departed.[119] On 22 January 2022, an elderly woman was killed when she got trapped between the train doors and platform screen doors at Shanghai'sQi'an Road Station.[120]
Between 1999 and 2012,London Underground's platform doors, all on theJubilee line, were the cause of 75 injuries including strikes to people's heads and arms.[121]
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