Paul Terry | |
|---|---|
 Paul Terry working at Pathe Pictures, circa 1920s | |
| Born | Paul Houlton Terry (1887-02-19)February 19, 1887 San Mateo, California, U.S. |
| Died | October 25, 1971(1971-10-25) (aged 84) New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Occupations |
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| Years active | 1915–1955 |
| Spouse | |
| Children | Patricia Terry-Leahy |
| Relatives | Alex Anderson (nephew) |
Paul Houlton Terry (February 19, 1887 – October 25, 1971)[1] was an Americancartoonist, screenwriter, film director and producer. He produced over 1,300 cartoons between 1915 and 1955 including the manyTerrytoons cartoons. His studio's most famous character isMighty Mouse,[2] and also createdHeckle and Jeckle,[3]Gandy Goose[4] andDinky Duck.[5]
Born in California to Joseph and Minnie Perron, Terry's parents moved to San Francisco where he spent most of his early life.[1] In 1904 he began working as a news photographer and drawing cartoons for newspapers such as theSan Francisco Chronicle,San Francisco Call, and theSan Francisco Examiner. He contributed to a weekly comic strip about a dog titled "Alonzo" for theSan Francisco Call in 1909, before it was taken over by his brother John a year later.[6][7][8][9] He later transferred to theNew York Press in 1910, a newspaper in New York City.[6][8]
In 1914, Terry became interested in animation after seeingWinsor McCay'sGertie the Dinosaur. While still working for the newspaper, he made his first film,Little Herman, which he completed in two to six months in his living room and sold to theThanhouser film company ofNew Rochelle, New York, in 1915.[10][11]
Later that year, he completed his second film,Down on the Phoney Farm, which is notable for being the first appearance ofFarmer Al Falfa.[12]
In 1916, he began working atBray Productions, directing and producing a series of elevenFarmer Al Falfa films.[6] Before the end of the year, Terry left Bray, taking the rights to Farmer Al Falfa with him.
In 1917, Terry formed his own production company,Paul Terry Productions,[6] and produced nine more animated films, including one Farmer Al Falfa film. Terry closed his studio to join the United States Army and fought inWorld War I. After he was discharged from the army in 1919, he briefly supervised cartoons forParamount Magazine until he eventually made a deal in 1920 to make theAesop's Fables series to screenwriterHoward Estabrook.[13]
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In 1920, Terry entered into a partnership withAmedee J. Van Beuren, and foundedFables Pictures. The studio signed a contract withPathé Pictures on June 7, 1921. The first picture was released on June 19 on that same year.[14] During this time, Terry began producing a series ofAesop's Film Fables as well as new Farmer Al Falfa films under that banner. Terry experimented with the sound process in a Fable Cartoon calledDinner Time after pressure from Van Beuren, released in September 1928, two months before Walt Disney'sSteamboat Willie was released in November 1928.[6]
Terry's partnership with Van Beuren lasted until 1929, when Terry and Van Beuren disagreed over the switch to producing films with sound.[15] Terry started up theTerrytoons studio in New York, where he later moved the studio toNew Rochelle in 1932. TheThanhouser film company, purchasers of Terry's first films, were also located there. Van Beuren retained "Fables Pictures" and renamed it "Van Beuren Studios".[7]
Terry'sTerrytoons produced a large number of animated films, includingGandy Goose,Mighty Mouse,Heckle and Jeckle, and many other lesser-known characters.[6] Theatrical distribution was at first throughEducational Pictures and then, after it was acquired in 1937, through20th Century Fox.[15]
Terry was quick to adopt techniques that simplified the animation process, but he resisted "improvements" that complicated production. He was one of the first to make use of "cel animation", including animation of separate body parts. His studio was slow to switch to synchronized sound tracks and to color. He managed to keep his studio profitable while others went out of business. Terry was once quoted as saying, "Walt Disney is theTiffany's of the business, and I am theWoolworth's."[16]
Terry became the first major cartoon producer to package his old films for television. In 1955, Terry sold his animation studio and film library toCBS for $5 million and retired.[17][18] In 1956,Gene Deitch was appointed as the creative supervisor of the studio, who replaced the old characters with new ones such asClint Clobber andJohn Doormat.[19]
Deitch departed after three years. After Deitch's departure, Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle returned, as well as new characters such asDeputy Dawg.[6] CBS made the Terrytoons library of films a mainstay of its Saturday morning programming and continued operating the studio, making both new theatrical films and series for television until the late 1960s.[20]
Terry died on October 25, 1971, aged 84, at the Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases in New York, New York. In Terry's later life, his home was theWestchester Country Club inRye, New York.[1] During Terry's later years, he lived a leisurely retirement, painting and sculpting in his home all the way until his death.[18] His nephew,Alex Anderson, was also an animator. Terry's wife Irma preceded him in death in 1969 at age 70.[7] Daughter Patricia Terry-Leahy, who survives them, has her father's cremated remains in herNorth Carolina home.[1]
Works by or aboutPaul Houlton Terry atWikisource| International | |
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