Pashchimottanasana (Sanskrit:पश्चिमोत्तानासन,romanized: paścimottānāsana),Seated Forward Bend,[1] orIntense Dorsal Stretch[2] is a seated forward-bendingasana inhatha yoga and modernyoga as exercise.Janusirsasana is a variant with one knee bent out to the side;Upavishthakonasana has the legs straight and wide apart.
The name Paschimottanasana comes from three Sanskrit words.Paschima (पश्चिम, paścima) has the surface meaning of "West" or "the back of the body".[3] In terms of thesubtle body (as in theYogabīja), it means the central energy channel, thesushumna nadi, which runs the length of the backbone.[4]Uttana (उत्तान, uttāna) means "intense stretch" or "straight" or "extended".[5]Asana (आसन, āsana) meaning "posture" or "seat".[6] The pose is described in the 15th-centuryHatha Yoga Pradipika, chapter 1, verses 28-29.
The name Dandasana (Sanskrit:दण्डासन;IAST:daṇḍāsana) is from Sanskrit दण्डdaṇḍa meaning "stick" or "staff".[7] The pose is not found in the medievalhatha yoga texts. The 19th centurySritattvanidhi uses the name Dandasana for a different pose, the body held straight, supported by a rope. The yoga scholarNorman Sjoman notes, however, that the traditional IndianVyayama gymnastic exercises include a set of movements called "dands", similar toSurya Namaskar and to thevinyasas used inmodern yoga.[8]
The name Janusirsasana (Sanskrit:जानु शीर्षासन;IAST:jānu śīrṣāsana) comes from the Sanskrit जानु (jānu) meaning "knee" and शीर्ष (śīrṣa) meaning "head".[9] The pose is a modern one, first seen in the 20th century. It is described inKrishnamacharya's 1934Yoga Makaranda,[10] and in the works of his pupils,B. K. S. Iyengar's 1966Light on Yoga[11] andPattabhi Jois'sAshtanga Vinyasa Yoga.[12][9]
The name Upavishthakonasana (Sanskrit:उपविष्टकोणासन); IAST:upaviṣṭa koṇāsana) is from theSanskrit उपविष्ट (upaviṣṭa) meaning "open" and कोण (koṇa) meaning "angle".[13] It is not found in medievalhatha yoga, but is described inLight on Yoga.[14] It is independently described under a different name, Hastapadasana ("Hand-to-Foot Pose"[a]) inSwami Vishnudevananda's 1960Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga, suggesting an older origin.[15]
Paschimottanasana is entered from Dandasana (seated Staff pose) by bending forward from the hips without straining and grasping the feet or lower legs. Astrap may be placed around the feet and grasped in the hands if the back is stiff. The head may be rested on a folded blanket or bolster, which may be raised on a small stool if necessary.[16][17] People who have difficulty bending their backs should exercise caution when performing this asana.[18]
Dandasana or "Staff pose" has the legs extended along the floor and the body straight upright, with the palms or fingertips on the ground.[19] People who cannot sit on the floor like this can siton a folded blanket.[20]
Janusirsasana or "Head to knee pose" has one leg extended with toes pointing upward, and the other leg bent with knee pointing away from the straight leg and the sole of the foot in by the groin. The torso folds straight forwards over the extended leg.[11][21]
Urdhva Mukha Paschimottanasana, also calledUbhaya Padangusthasana, is a balancing form of the pose, legs and hands pointing upwards.[22][23]
Parivritta Paschimottanasana is the reversed or twisted form of the pose, the body twisted to one side and the hands reversed, so that if the body is turned to the left, the right hand grasps the left foot, the right elbow is over the left knee, and the left hand grasps the right foot.[24]
Trianga Mukhaikapada Paschimottanasana has one leg bent as inVirasana.[25]
Wide-Legged Forward Bend (Prone Paschimottanasana) Open your legs wider than hip-width apart and fold forward. This variation targets the inner thighs while still stretching the back.[26]
Baddha Padma Paschimottanasana[27] has one leg crossed over the other as inPadmasana.[28]
Upavishthakonasana or "wide-angle seated forward bend"[20] has both legs straight along the ground, as wide apart as possible, with the chin and nose touching the ground.[13][14][29][30] Parsva Upavishthakonasana (to the side) has the body facing one leg, and the hands both grasping the foot of that leg, without raising the opposite hip.[31] Urdhva Upavishthakonasana (upwards) is similar toNavasana but with legs wide. It has the first and second fingers grasping the big toes, the legs wide apart, straight, and raised to around head height; the body is tilted back slightly to balance on the sitting bones. The pose can bepractised with a strap around each foot if the legs cannot be straightened fully in the position; a rolled blanked can be placed behind the buttocks to assist with balancing.[32] If you have a back injury, a knee injury, or highblood pressure, avoid this asana.[33]
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