Parwan also spelledParvan (Dari:پروان) is one of the 34provinces of Afghanistan. It is the largest province of theGreater Parwan region and has a population of about 751,000.[3] The province is multi-ethnic and mostly rural society. The province is divided into tendistricts. The town ofImam Abu Hanifa serves as the provincial capital. The province is located north ofKabul Province and south ofBaghlan Province, west ofPanjshir Province andKapisa Province, and east ofMaidan Wardak Province andBamyan Province. The province's famous tourism attraction is the Golghondi Hill, also known as “the flower hill,” located in Imam Azam about an hour away from the capital city of Kabul.[5] After Panjshir this province has been considered as one of the main raising points of Afghanistan War against Soviets.
The name Parwan is also attributed to a town, the exact location of which is now unknown, that supposedly existed during prehistory, in the nearbyHindu Kush mountains.[6]
Despite a four-decade-long state ofwar in Afghanistan, Parwan was relatively free of conflict by the mid-2010s. While occasional attacks on government or international forces were reported, they were usually minor.[citation needed] Such incidents in Parwan mostly involved grenade attacks on the residences of government officials or roadside bombs.[7]Bagram Air Base, which was one of the largest US military bases in Afghanistan, is located in Parwan.
The Kingdom of Kapisa (known in contemporary Chinese sources as Chinese: 漕國 Caoguo and Chinese: 罽賓 Jibin) was a state located in what is now Afghanistan during the late 1st millennium CE. Its capital was the city ofBagram. The kingdom stretched from the Hindu Kush in the north to Bamiyan and Kandahar in the south and west, out as far as the modern Jalalabad District in the east.
The famousMoroccan traveler and scholar,Ibn Battuta, visiting the area in 1333 write:
We halted next at a place called Banj Hir (Panjshir), which means "Five Mountains," where there was once a fine and populous city built on a great river with blue water like the sea. This country was devastated byTinkiz, the king of theTatars, and has not been inhabited since. We came to a mountain called Pashay, where there is a convent of the Shaykh Ata Awliya, which means "Father of the Saints." He is also called Sisad Salah, which is the Persian for "three hundred years," because they say that he is three hundred and fifty years old. They have a very high opinion of him and come to visit him from the towns and villages, and sultans and princesses visit him too. He received us with honor and made us his guests. We encamped by a river near his convent and went to see him, and when I saluted him he embraced me. His skin is fresh and smoother than any I have seen; anyone seeing him would take him to be fifty years old. He told me that he grew new hair and teeth every hundred years. I had some doubts about him, however, and God knows how much truth there is in what he says. We traveled thence to Parwan, where I met the amir Buruntayh. He treated me well and wrote to his representatives atGhazna enjoining them to show me honor. We went on to the village of Charkh [Charikar], it being now summer, and from there to the town of Ghazna. This is the town of the famous warrior-sultanMahmud ibn Sabuktagin, one of the greatest of rulers, who made frequent raids intoIndia and captured cities and fortresses there.[8]
The area was subsequently ruled by theTimurids andMughals untilAhmad Shah Durrani made it part of theDurrani Empire in 1747. In 1840, Parwan was the site of a major battle in theFirst Anglo-Afghan War where the invadingBritish were defeated.[6] Parwan's modern history began with the construction of a new textile factory in the town ofJabal Saraj in 1937.[6] Parwan was involved in theSoviet–Afghan War as some of the fiercest fightings took place in the area.[9] In the 1990s it was the site of heavy resistance against theTaliban.
Computer class at the Korean Education and Cultural Center in Parwan.
Following the removal of the Taliban in late 2001, theUnited States Armed Forces took control ofBagram Air Base and began using it as one of their main bases in Afghanistan. AProvincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) led bySouth Korea helped the locals with development activities in the province until 2014.[10] In mid-February 2011, fiverocket-propelled grenades hit the newly built South Korean military base housing the provincial reconstruction team and civilian aid workers. No one was injured in the attack, but it came hours after a visit by South Korean Defense MinisterKim Kwan-jin, raising suspicions ofTaliban involvement. The opening ceremony of the base was postponed indefinitely.[11]
A plan to build a power plant in the province is under consideration.[citation needed] A large portion of Parwan's economy relies on remittances from theAfghan diaspora living abroad.[citation needed]
In July 2012, the Taliban executed a married woman in front of a large crowd after she was found guilty of adultery.[12] It was reported that the woman had a secret affair with a married military commander of theAfghan National Army. In August 2021, Parwan was captured by theTaliban during theiroffensive.
The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 32% in 2005 to 11% in 2011.[13] The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 4% in 2005 to 7% in 2011.[13]
The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) fell from 37% in 2005 to 28% in 2011.[13] The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 42% in 2005 to 54% in 2011.[13]
As of 2020, the total population of the province is about 751,000,[3] which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. 8 percent of the population lived below the nationalpoverty line, the second lowest figure in Afghanistan behind onlyLogar Province.[14]
Around three quarters (73%) of the population of Parwan lives in rural districts, while one quarter (27%) lives in urban areas, Around 50% of the population is male and 50% is female.Persian (Dari dialect) andPashto are the main languages spoken in the province; however Persian speakers outnumber Pashto speakers by a ratio of 5 to 2.[4] Parwan province also has a population ofKuchis or nomads whose numbers vary in different seasons. In winter 30,290 Kuchi live in Parwan province, of which 66% are short-range migratory and the remaining 34% are long-range migratory. During the summer, Kuchi migrate to Parwan province from Laghman, Kapisa, Baghlan and to a lesser extent from Kabul, Nangarhar and Kunar. The Kuchi population in the summer is 121,517 individuals.[16]
As per the figures below based on the ethnographics of each district as well as the density and therefore the inhabitability of each district, the province has a population of approximately 878,192.
Near theShibar Pass that connects Parwan to Bamyan.
A road in the Parwan Province, near the Sayed Bridge which is located short distance north fromBagram Air Base.
Fields near the Sayed Bridge
School girls in a rural area of Parwan
A member of theAfghan National Police trying to control local children awaiting the distribution of goods from the U.S. military for the winter months.
^"Parwan Province".Program for Culture & Conflict Studies.Naval Postgraduate School. RetrievedJune 16, 2013.The population of approximately 560,000 is composed of Pashtun, Tajik, Uzbek, Qizilbash, Kuchi, Hazara, Turkmen and other minority groups.
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