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Partizansk Партизанск | |
|---|---|
 Partizansk town center | |
.png) Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Partizansk  | |
  Partizansk Location of Partizansk Show map of Russia Partizansk Partizansk (Primorsky Krai) Show map of Primorsky Krai | |
| Coordinates:43°07′N133°07′E / 43.117°N 133.117°E /43.117; 133.117 | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Primorsky Krai[1] |
| Founded | 1896 |
| Town status since | 1932 |
| Government | |
| • Head | Alexey Neshchadim |
| Elevation | 140 m (460 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 38,659 |
| • Subordinated to | PartizanskTown Under Krai Jurisdiction[1] |
| • Capital of | Partizansk Town Under Krai Jurisdiction[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Partizansky Urban Okrug[3] |
| • Capital of | Partizansky Urban Okrug[3] |
| Time zone | UTC+10 (MSK+7  [4]) |
| Postal code(s)[5] | 692864 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 692851–692854, 692856, 692858, 692860, 692861, 692864, 692867–692869 |
| OKTMO ID | 05717000001 |
| Website | web |
Partizansk (Russian:Партиза́нск) is atown inPrimorsky Krai,Russia, located on a spur of theSikhote-Alin Mountains, about 170 kilometers (110 mi) east ofVladivostok, theadministrative center of thekrai. As of the2010 census, the population is population 38,659.
The town was formerly known asSuchan (Chinese:蘇城;pinyin:Sūchéng - literally "City of Su" orChinese:蘇昌;pinyin:Sūchāng[6]), but its Russian name was changed to Partizansk in 1972 during ageneral campaign of cleansing Chinese toponyms inRussian Far East.
A number of creeks flow through the town into the nearbyPartizanskaya River, previously known as the Suchan.
In the late 19th century, the Vladivostok-basedRussian Pacific Fleet was in deep need of a source of coal. The Department of Mines sent a geological expedition to the area south ofUssuriysk, working there from 1888 to 1893. Coal was found, which could be mined and sent toNakhodka for the needs of the Fleet. In 1896, the Department of Mines made a large order for coal from the Suchan River area, and a settlement for miners was founded.[citation needed] The settlement was originally namedSuchansky Rudnik, meaningmining pit of Suchan.[citation needed]
Around this time, Korean settlers moved out of the northern part of the Korean peninsula to avoid famine, with some settling in Partizansk. Pre-1937 Korean settlers to Russia and the Soviet Union are known asKoryo-saram. The Koreans called the area Such'ŏng (Korean: 수청). The area eventually become a hub forKorean independence activism againstJapan's colonization of Korea. Korean militants such as Han Ch'ang-kŏl (한창걸;韓昌傑) resisted Japan from the nearby mountains. Notable Korean socialistPak Chin-sun [ko] was born in this area.[7] The Koreans were eventuallyforced to migrate to Central Asia in 1937.[7]
Later in 1896, more detailed prospecting was organized in Suchan, and commercial operations started at around that time. Suchan miners were living in dug-outs, cabins, and tents, and living conditions were awful. Only in 1900, when forty-six highly qualified miners arrived, construction of the mine #1 and of ten houses started. Government-owned coal mines were also established at that time. The first migrants started to move to Suchan.
The government often neglected to maintain good living conditions for Suchan workers. For the period of 1896–1922, only one two-story house was built. Suchan itself was just a group of several badly planned mine settlements. In 1905 and 1906, state schools were opened and a hospital for fifty people was built.
In the period of 1905–1914, several new mines were opened in Suchan. Wooden barracks and individual houses also appeared. Construction was carried out without proper planning, with eachartel building a barrack for its workers. Some of those buildings remain intact to the present day. The founders of Suchansky Rudnik had not carried out much work up to 1914. After the beginning ofWorld War I, development completely stopped. Many workers were called up for military service, extraction of coal reduced greatly, and construction works were cut down. Difficult years of need and hardship started.
In 1917, there were eleven mines which annually extracted up to 300,000 tons of coal. In 1918–1922, during theRussian Civil War, the supporters of theBolsheviks conducted an activepartisan struggle in the region. After the establishment of Soviet authority in Primorye, coal remained the region's main production.
After 1922, restoration of old mines and building of new ones started. Spread settlements merged into one large locality. Construction of multi-story buildings began. At this time great attention was paid to cultural development of the settlement. In 1917, thePeople's House was built, which later transformed into a club of miners. It became a cultural center of the settlement. In 1926, a club for 350 people was built near mine #10. In 1932, a club for 200 people near mine #20 and for 250 people at timber plant were built. In 1933, the largestPalace of Culture in Primorye with a hall for 1,200 people started functioning.
Town status was granted in 1932, and the name was shortened toSuchan.[citation needed] Soon after that Suchan was renamedGamarnik (Гама́рник), after revolutionary commissarYan Gamarnik; however, the name reverted to Suchan after Gamarnik's suicide (due to possible arrest during theGreat Purge) in 1937.[citation needed]
The town was given its present name in 1972, when the cleansing of Chinese names in Primorsky Krai took place. The nearby Suchan River, from which the town had taken its name, was renamed the Partizanskaya.
In 2005, it was reported that a Korean community of around ten families lived in the city, returnees from the deportation.[7]
Within theframework of administrative divisions, it is, together with elevenrural localities, incorporated asPartizanskTown Under Krai Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of thedistricts.[1] As amunicipal division, Partizansk Town Under Krai Jurisdiction is incorporated asPartizansky Urban Okrug.[3]
The economy of the town and its surrounding area remains largely reliant on coal mining; however, the industry is currently in decline, with the previous coal reserves largely exhausted. Previous machine-building, chemical and pharmaceutical works have also been closed.
Timber production has grown in importance in recent years. Light industry also prospers, with a garment factory, a tannery, a food-processing plant, and a brewery currently operating.
The 1970s witnessed some great effort in modernizing the town's industrial sector, crowned with building a power station, which was later named after the town. Thirty years later, the Partizansk Power Station was renovated, and a new generator was installed to boost the output. Despite being one of the less important stations in the energy grid of thekrai, especially with the reference to its minor share in the krai's energy output, Partizansk Power Station has a vital role in supplying with electricity the town and the close vicinity.
The town lies on the branch of theTrans-Siberian Railway leading toNakhodka; this section of the railroad was completed in 1935.
A coal deposit in Oleny Klyuch (near mine #1) was for the first time mentioned byVasily Margaritov, a member of the Geographic Society ofAmur Krai. This place is now called "The First Coal" (as it was the first mine in the area). Today, the mine is no longer in operation, and is commemorated with a cast-iron sign placed there in 1932. The sign contains the following text: "In 1883 the first coal was found here. Here the mine begins."
The nearby area also includes a number of cliffs and waterfalls.
Partizansk has a four-seasonhumid continental climate.[8] Its climate contains vast temperature differences between seasons, in spite of its relatively low latitude and position near the Pacific Ocean. It has slightly warmer summers than Vladivostok due to its inland position, whereas winters are similar in both locations, largely but not completely unaffected by any maritime moderation. The cold temperatures for the latitude are due to theSiberian High's influence. The climate features wet and humid summers as well as dry and snow-light winters.
| Climate data for Partizansk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.7 (42.3) | 10.6 (51.1) | 17.9 (64.2) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.0 (87.8) | 33.5 (92.3) | 38.0 (100.4) | 38.0 (100.4) | 32.2 (90.0) | 27.7 (81.9) | 19.2 (66.6) | 9.0 (48.2) | 38.0 (100.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −7.7 (18.1) | −4.0 (24.8) | 2.8 (37.0) | 11.9 (53.4) | 18.2 (64.8) | 21.4 (70.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 25.4 (77.7) | 20.8 (69.4) | 13.7 (56.7) | 2.9 (37.2) | −5.4 (22.3) | 10.4 (50.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.5 (9.5) | −9.0 (15.8) | −2.2 (28.0) | 5.9 (42.6) | 11.7 (53.1) | 15.6 (60.1) | 19.5 (67.1) | 20.3 (68.5) | 14.8 (58.6) | 7.7 (45.9) | −2.0 (28.4) | −9.9 (14.2) | 5.0 (41.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −17.6 (0.3) | −14.6 (5.7) | −7.9 (17.8) | 0.0 (32.0) | 5.5 (41.9) | 10.5 (50.9) | 15.4 (59.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 8.9 (48.0) | 1.7 (35.1) | −7.3 (18.9) | −14.9 (5.2) | −0.3 (31.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −30.9 (−23.6) | −32.5 (−26.5) | −22.8 (−9.0) | −12.2 (10.0) | −2.0 (28.4) | 0.0 (32.0) | 1.0 (33.8) | 1.7 (35.1) | −5.0 (23.0) | −14.1 (6.6) | −20.0 (−4.0) | −28.0 (−18.4) | −32.5 (−26.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 12.8 (0.50) | 15.0 (0.59) | 24.0 (0.94) | 43.0 (1.69) | 58.5 (2.30) | 106.0 (4.17) | 112.6 (4.43) | 110.0 (4.33) | 106.7 (4.20) | 46.0 (1.81) | 29.1 (1.15) | 17.3 (0.68) | 681.0 (26.81) |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 55 | 54 | 56 | 60 | 69 | 77 | 85 | 81 | 74 | 62 | 57 | 56 | 65 |
| Averagedew point °C (°F) | −20 (−4) | −17 (1) | −10 (14) | −3 (27) | 6 (43) | 12 (54) | 17 (63) | 17 (63) | 11 (52) | 1 (34) | −9 (16) | −17 (1) | −1 (30) |
| Mean dailysunshine hours | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 7.6 |
| Source 1:[9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Time and Date (dewpoints 2005-2015)[10] Weather Atlas (sun hours)[11] | |||||||||||||
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