Assembly of the Republic Assembleia da República | |
|---|---|
| 16th legislature | |
  Emblem andFlag of the Assembly | |
 Logo of the Assembly | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
Term limits | None |
| History | |
| Founded | April 25, 1976 (1976-04-25) |
| Preceded by | Constituent Assembly |
New session started | March 10, 2024 (2024-03-10) |
| Leadership | |
Vice-Presidents | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 230 |
 | |
Political groups | Government(caretaker) (80) Opposition (150) |
Length of term | 4 years |
| Elections | |
First election | April 25, 1976 |
Last election | March 10, 2024 |
Next election | May 18, 2025 |
| Meeting place | |
.jpg) | |
| São Bento Palace,Lisbon,Portugal | |
| Website | |
www | |
| Constitution | |
| Constitution of Portugal - Part 3 - Title 3 | |
 |
|---|
| Constitution |
TheAssembly of the Republic (Portuguese:Assembleia da República,pronounced[ɐsẽˈblɐjɐðɐʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simplyParliament (Portuguese:Parlamento), is theunicameralparliament ofPortugal. According to theConstitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's organs of supreme authority.
It meets inSão Bento Palace, the historical site of an old Benedictine monastery. The palace has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).
The Assembly of the Republic's powers derive from its ability to dismiss agovernment through a vote of no confidence, to change the country's laws, and to amend theconstitution (which requires a majority of two-thirds). In addition to these key powers, the constitution grants to the Assembly extensive legislative powers and substantial control over thebudget, the right to authorize the government to raise taxes and grant loans, the power to ratify treaties and other kinds of international agreements, and the duty to approve or reject decisions by the President of the Republic to declare war and make peace. The assembly also appoints many members of important state institutions, such as ten of the thirteen members of theConstitutional Court and seven of the sixteen members of theCouncil of State.
The constitution requires the assembly to quickly review and approve an incoming government's program. Parliamentary rules allow the assembly to call for committees of inquiry to examine the government's actions. Political opposition represented in the assembly has the power to review the cabinet's actions, even though it is unlikely that the actions can be reversed. Party groups can also call for interpellations that require debates about specific government policies.
The assembly has 230MPs. It originally consisted of 250 MPs, but the constitutional reforms of 1989 reduced its number to between 180 and 230. Members are elected by popular vote for legislative terms of four years from the country's twenty-two constituencies. There are eighteen in mainland Portugal corresponding to eachdistrict, one each for the autonomous regions ofAzores (Portuguese: Açores) andMadeira, and two for Portuguese people living abroad (one covering Europe andone covering the rest of the world).[a] Except for the constituencies for Portuguese living abroad, which are fixed at two representatives each, the number of MPs is determined by the number of voters registered in a constituency, using theD'Hondt method ofproportional representation. Constituencies vary greatly in size; from as large as thedistrict of Lisbon, which returns 48 representatives, to as small as thedistrict of Portalegre, which elects just two.
For the2024 legislative elections, the MPs were distributed by districts as follows:[4]
| District | Number of MPs | Map |
|---|---|---|
| Lisbon | 48 |  |
| Porto | 40 | |
| Braga andSetúbal | 19 each | |
| Aveiro | 16 | |
| Leiria | 10 | |
| Coimbra,Faro andSantarém | 9 each | |
| Viseu | 8 | |
| Madeira | 6 | |
| Azores,Viana do Castelo andVila Real | 5 each | |
| Castelo Branco | 4 | |
| Beja,Bragança,Évora andGuarda | 3 each | |
| Portalegre, Europe and Outside Europe[a] | 2 each |
According to the constitution, members of the assembly represent the entire country, not the constituency from which they are elected. This directive has been reinforced in practice by the strong role of political parties in regard to members of the assembly. Party leadership, for example, determines in which areas candidates are to run for office, thus often weakening members' ties to their constituencies. Moreover, members of the assembly are expected to vote with their party and to work within parliamentary groups based on party membership. Party discipline is strong, and insubordinate members can be coerced through a variety of means.[citation needed] A further obstacle to members' independence is that their bills first have to be submitted to the parliamentary groups, and it is these groups' leaders who set the assembly's agenda.
ThePresident of the Assembly of the Republic is the second hierarchical figure in the Portuguese state, after thePresident of the Portuguese Republic, and is elected by secret vote of the members of parliament. The President of the Assembly is aided by four vice presidents, nominated by the other parties represented in the parliament, and is usually the speaker.[original research?] When they are not present, one of the vice presidents takes the role of speaker. When the President of the Republic is, for any reason, unable to perform the job, the President of the Assembly of the Republic becomes the substitute.
| Party | Parliamentary group leader | Seats | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party | Hugo Soares | 78 | 33.9 | |
| Socialist Party | Alexandra Leitão | 78 | 33.9 | |
| CHEGA | Pedro Pinto | 49 | 21.3 | |
| Liberal Initiative | Mariana Leitão | 8 | 3.5 | |
| Left Bloc | Fabian Figueiredo | 5 | 2.2 | |
| Portuguese Communist Party | Paula Santos | 4 | 1.7 | |
| LIVRE | Isabel Mendes Lopes | 4 | 1.7 | |
| CDS - People's Party | Paulo Núncio | 2 | 0.9 | |
| People-Animals-Nature | Inês Sousa Real | 1 | 0.4 | |
| Independent | Miguel Arruda[1] | 1 | 0.4 | |
| Total | 230 | 100.0 | ||
 | ||||||||||
| Parties | Votes | % | ±ppswing | MPs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2024 | ± | % | ± | ||||||
| Democratic Alliance(PSD/CDS–PP/PPM)[b] | 1,814,002 | 28.01 |  1.8 | 74 | 77 |  3 | 33.48 | 1.3 | ||
| Madeira First(PSD/CDS–PP)[c] | 52,989 | 0.82 | 0.1 | 3 | 3 |  0 | 1.30 | 0.0 | ||
| People's Monarchist[d] | 451 | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
| Total Democratic Alliance[e] | 1,867,442 | 28.83 | 1.9 | 77 | 80 | 3 | 34.78 | 1.3 | ||
| Socialist | 1,812,443 | 27.98 | 13.4 | 120 | 78 | 42 | 33.91 | 18.3 | ||
| CHEGA | 1,169,781 | 18.06 | 10.9 | 12 | 50 | 38 | 21.74 | 16.5 | ||
| Liberal Initiative | 319,877 | 4.94 | 0.0 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 3.48 | 0.0 | ||
| Left Bloc | 282,314 | 4.36 | 0.0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 2.17 | 0.0 | ||
| Unitary Democratic Coalition | 205,551 | 3.17 | 1.1 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1.74 | 0.9 | ||
| LIVRE | 204,875 | 3.16 | 1.9 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1.74 | 1.3 | ||
| People–Animals–Nature | 126,125 | 1.95 | 0.4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.43 | 0.0 | ||
| National Democratic Alternative | 102,134 | 1.58 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
| React, Include, Recycle | 26,092 | 0.40 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
| Together for the People | 19,145 | 0.30 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
| New Right | 16,456 | 0.25 | — | — | 0 | — | 0.00 | — | ||
| Portuguese Workers' Communist | 15,491 | 0.24 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
| Volt Portugal | 11,854 | 0.18 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
| Rise Up | 6,030 | 0.09 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
| Alternative 21(Earth Party/Alliance) | 4,265 | 0.07 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
| Labour | 2,435 | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
| We, the Citizens! | 2,399 | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
| Socialist Alternative Movement[5][f] | 0 | 0.00 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
| Total valid | 6,194,709 | 95.64 | 1.8 | 230 | 230 | 0 | 100.00 | 0.0 | ||
| Blank ballots | 89,847 | 1.39 | 0.3 | |||||||
| Invalid ballots | 192,396 | 2.97 | 1.5 | |||||||
| Total | 6,476,952 | 100.00 | ||||||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 10,813,643 | 59.90 | 8.4 | |||||||
| Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[6] | ||||||||||
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| Election | No. | Parliament | Parties represented | Term | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government | Opposition | ||||
| Constituent 1975 |  | PS (116) PPD (81) PCP (30) CDS (16) MDP (5) UDP (1) ADIM (1) | 1975–1976 | ||
| 1976 | 1st |  | PS (107) | PPD (73) CDS (42) PCP (40) UDP (1) | 1976–1978 |
| PS (107) CDS (42) | PPD/PSD (73) PCP (40) UDP (1) | 1978 | |||
| Presidential appointed governments | PS (107) PPD/PSD (73) CDS (42) PCP (40) UDP (1) | 1978–1979 | |||
| 1979 |  | PPD/PSD (80) CDS (43) PPM (5) | PS (74) PCP (44) MDP (3) UDP (1) | 1979–1980 | |
| 1980 | 2nd |  | PPD/PSD (82) CDS (46) PPM (6) | PS (66) PCP (39) UEDS (4) ASDI (4) MDP (2) UDP (1) | 1980–1983 |
| 1983 | 3rd |  | PS (94) PPD/PSD (75) UEDS (4) ASDI (3) | PCP (41) CDS (30) MDP (3) | 1983–1985 |
| 1985 | 4th |  | PPD/PSD (88) PRD (45)[g] CDS (22)[g] | PS (57) PCP (35) MDP (3) | 1985–1987 |
| 1987 | 5th |  | PPD/PSD (148) | PS (60) PCP (29) PRD (7) CDS (4) PEV (2) | 1987–1991 |
| 1991 | 6th |  | PPD/PSD (135) | PS (72) PCP (15) CDS (5) PEV (2) PSN (1) | 1991–1995 |
| 1995 | 7th |  | PS (112) | PPD/PSD (88) CDS–PP (15) PCP (13) PEV (2) | 1995–1999 |
| 1999 | 8th |  | PS (115) | PPD/PSD (81) CDS–PP (15) PCP (15) PEV (2) BE (2) | 1999–2002 |
| 2002 | 9th |  | PPD/PSD (105) CDS–PP (14) | PS (96) PCP (10) BE (3) PEV (2) | 2002–2005 |
| 2005 | 10th |  | PS (121) | PPD/PSD (71) CDS–PP (12) PCP (12) BE (8) PEV (2) PPM (2) MPT (2) | 2005–2009 |
| 2009 | 11th |  | PS (97) | PPD/PSD (81) CDS–PP (21) BE (16) PCP (13) PEV (2) | 2009–2011 |
| 2011 | 12th |  | PPD/PSD (108) CDS–PP (24) | PS (74) PCP (14) BE (8) PEV (2) | 2011–2015 |
| 2015 | 13th |  | PPD/PSD (89) CDS–PP (18) | PS (86) BE (19) PCP (15) PEV (2) PAN (1) | 2015 |
| PS (86) BE (19)[g] PCP (15)[g] PEV (2)[g] | PPD/PSD (89) CDS–PP (18) PAN (1) | 2015–2019 | |||
| 2019 | 14th |  | PS (108) | PPD/PSD (79) BE (19) PCP (10) CDS–PP (5) PAN (4) PEV (2) CH (1) IL (1) L (1) | 2019–2022 |
| 2022 | 15th |  | PS (120) | PPD/PSD (77) CH (12) IL (8) PCP (6) BE (5) PAN (1) L (1) | 2022–2024 |
| 2024 | 16th |  | PPD/PSD (78) CDS–PP (2) | PS (78) CH (50) IL (8) BE (5) PCP (4) L (4) PAN (1) | 2024–2025 |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
