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Kyiso

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(Redirected fromPareinma Shin Mingaung)
King of Pagan
Kyiso
ကျဉ်စိုး
King of Pagan
Reign1021–1038
PredecessorKunhsaw Kyaunghpyu
SuccessorSokkate
Bornc. December 1000
c. Pyatho 362ME (Tuesday born)[note 1]
Pagan
Diedc. April 1038 (aged 37)
Monywa
HousePagan
FatherNyaung-u Sawrahan
MotherTaung Pyinthe
ReligionBuddhism
This article containsBurmese script. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofBurmese script.

Kyiso (Burmese:ကျဉ်စိုး,pronounced[tɕɪ̀ɰ̃só]; c. 1000–1038) was a king of thePagan dynasty from 1021 to 1038. According to theBurmese chronicles, Kyiso was a son of KingNyaung-u Sawrahan but raised by KingKunhsaw Kyaunghpyu. Kunhsaw married Nyuang-u's three chief queens, two of whom were pregnant and subsequently gave birth to Kyiso andSokkate. Sokkate and Kyiso were raised by Kunhsaw as his own sons. When the two sons reached manhood, they forced Kunhsaw to abdicate the throne and become a monk.

Kyiso was an avid hunter, and was killed in a hunting accident nearMonywa. He becamePareinma Shin Mingaung (Burmese:ပရိမ္မ ရှင်မင်းခေါင်[pəɹèɪɰ̃ma̰ʃɪ̀ɰ̃mɪ́ɰ̃ɡàʊɰ̃], "Usurper Mingaung of Pareinma") orYoma Shin Mingaungnat or a spirit in Burmese folk religion.[1][2]

Dates

[edit]

Various chronicles do not agree on the dates regarding his life and reign.[3] The oldest chronicleZatadawbon Yazawin is considered to be the most accurate for the Pagan period.[note 2] The table below lists the dates given by four main chronicles, as well asHmannan's dates when anchored by the Anawrahta's inscriptionally verified accession date of 1044. The length of reign for Kyiso is given as 17 years byZata but as six years by the others. According toZata, it wasSokkate, the successor of Kyiso, who ruled for six years.[3]

ChroniclesBirth–DeathAgeReignLength of reign
Zatadawbon Yazawin1000–1038381021–103817
Maha Yazawin950–97726971–9776
Yazawin Thit andHmannan Yazawin964–99227986–9926
Hmannan adjusted992–1020271014–10206

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^(Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 227): Kyiso was born 3 months earlier than his half-brother Sokkate. (Zata 1960: 63): Sokkate was born in Kason 363 ME. It means Kyiso was born c. Pyatho/Tabodwe of 362 ME (29 November 1000 to 26 January 1001). Since he was born on a Tuesday, he was born between 3 Dec 1000 to 21 January 1001.
  2. ^(Maha Yazawin 2006: 346–349): Among the four major chronicles, onlyZatadawbon Yazawin's dates line up with Anawrahta's inscriptionally verified accession date of 1044 CE. (Aung-Thwin 2005: 121–123): In general,Zata is considered "the most accurate of all Burmese chronicles, particularly with regard to the best-known Pagan and Ava kings, many of whose dates have been corroborated by epigraphy."

References

[edit]
  1. ^Harvey 1925: 19
  2. ^"Myanmar Nats". myanmartravelagent.com. Archived fromthe original on 2013-01-03. Retrieved2010-09-23.
  3. ^abMaha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 347

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (2005).The Mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.ISBN 9780824828868.
  • Harvey, G. E. (1925).History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
  • Kala, U (1724).Maha Yazawin Gyi (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
  • Royal Historians of Burma (c. 1680). U Hla Tin (Hla Thamein) (ed.).Zatadawbon Yazawin (1960 ed.). Historical Research Directorate of the Union of Burma.
  • Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832).Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon:Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
Kyiso
Born: c. December 1000 Died: c. April 1038
Regnal titles
Preceded byKing of Pagan
1021–1038
Succeeded by
Pagan dynasty
849–1297
Myinsaing andPinya kingdoms
1297–1364
Sagaing kingdom
1315–1364
Kingdom of Ava
1364–1555
Hanthawaddy kingdom
1287–1539, 1550–1552
Mrauk U kingdom
1429–1785
Prome kingdom
1482–1542
Toungoo dynasty
1510–1752
Restored Hanthawaddy kingdom
1740–1757
Konbaung dynasty
1752–1885
  • 1 Regent or Co-Regent
  • 2 Mongol vassal (1297)
  • 3Confederation of Shan States (1527–55)
  • 4 Brief revival (1550–52)
  • 5 Vassal of the Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)
Official pantheon
Hindunats
Other nats
Popa nats
Ayeyarwady Delta nats
Bago nats
Nine Towns nats
  • Ko Myo Shin
  • Pale Yin (Amay Pale)
  • Hkuncho
  • Hkuntha
Lord of the
White Horse nats
Five Mother nats
Miscellaneous
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