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Pantaleon

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, seeSaint Pantaleon andPantaleon (disambiguation).

Indo-Greek king

Pantaleon
Cupro-nickel coin of Pantaleon. Greek legend reads: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΠANTAΛEONTOΣ, "of king Pantaleon."
Indo-Greek king
Reign	190–180 BC
Predecessor	Demetrius I
Successor	Agathocles

Died	180 BCE
Dynasty	Euthydemid dynasty
Father	Euthydemus I

Pantaleon (Ancient Greek:Πανταλέων,Pantaléōn) was a Greek king who reigned some time between 190 and 180 BC inBactria andIndia. He was a younger contemporary or successor of theGreco-Bactrian kingDemetrius, and is sometimes believed to have been his brother and/or subking.

The scarcity of his coinage indicates a short reign. Known evidence suggests that he was replaced by his (probable) brother or sonAgathocles, by whom he was commemorated on a "pedigree" coin.^[1]

Copper-nickel coinage

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Some of his coins (as well as those of Agathocles andEuthydemus II) have another surprising characteristic: they are made ofcopper-nickel alloy, a technology that would not be developed in the West until the 18th century (some 1,890 years later), but was known by the Chinese at the time. This suggests that exchanges of the metallic alloy or technicians happened between China and the region of Bactria.^[2]

Bilingual Indian-standard coinage

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He was the first Greek king to strike Indian coins, peculiar irregular bronzes representing a lion with a dancing Indian woman, probably the goddessLakshmi (a type also known in thePost-Mauryan coinage of Gandhara), which suggests he had his base inArachosia andGandhara and wanted support from the native population.

Indian square coin of King Pantaleon with the obverse showing a leopard. The reverse showing a dancing woman (perhaps aLakshmi).Brahmi legend reads:Rajane Patalevasa ("King Pantaleon").
Silver coin of King Pantaleon. The obverse shows the King's portrait wearing a royal diadem. The reverse shows seatedZeus holding goddessHecate. Greek legend reads: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΠANTAΛEONTOΣ,Basileōs Pantaleontos, "Of King Pantaleon."
Agathocles' commemorative coin for Pantaleon. The obverse shows the portrait of Pantaleon, and the Greek legend: ΠΑΝΤΑΛΕΟΝΤΟΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ,Pantaleontos Sōtēros, "Of Pantaleon the Saviour". The reverse shows seated Zeus holding goddess Hecate, and with Greek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΟΝΤΟΣ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΥ ΑΓΑΘΟΚΛΕΟΥΣ,Basileuontos Dikaiou Agathokleous, "Of Agathocles the Just, ruling as King".

References

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^"The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Greek: Agathocles or Agathokles".coinindia.com. Retrieved2024-06-30.
^"Copper-Nickel coinage in Greco-Bactria". Archived fromthe original on 2005-03-06. Retrieved2004-10-30.

External links

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Preceded by

Demetrius I

Indo-Greek Ruler
(Arachosia,Gandhara)
190–185 BCE

Succeeded by

Apollodotus I

Greco-Bactrian andIndo-Greek kings, territories and chronology

Based onBopearachchi (1991)^{[t 1]}

Territories/ dates	WestBactria	EastBactria	Paropamisade	Arachosia	Gandhara	Western Punjab	Eastern Punjab	Mathura^{[t 2]}
	Greco-Bactrian kings		Indo-Greek kings
326-325 BCE	Campaigns of Alexander the Great in India						Nanda Empire
312 BCE	Creation of theSeleucid Empire						Creation of theMaurya Empire
305 BCE	Seleucid Empire afterMauryan war		Maurya Empire
280 BCE	Foundation ofAi-Khanoum
255–239 BCE	Independence of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom Diodotus I		EmperorAshoka (268-232 BCE)
239–223 BCE	Diodotus II
230–200 BCE	Euthydemus I
200–190 BCE	Demetrius I				Sunga Empire
190-185 BCE	Euthydemus II
190–180 BCE	Agathocles			Pantaleon
185–170 BCE	Antimachus I
180–160 BCE			Apollodotus I
175–170 BCE	Demetrius II
160–155 BCE			Antimachus II
170–145 BCE	Eucratides I
155–130 BCE	Yuezhi occupation, loss ofAi-Khanoum	Eucratides II Plato Heliocles I	Menander I
130–120 BCE	Yuezhi occupation		Zoilus I		Agathoclea			Yavanarajya inscription
120–110 BCE			Lysias		Strato I
110–100 BCE			Antialcidas		Heliocles II
100 BCE			Polyxenus		Demetrius III
100–95 BCE			Philoxenus
95–90 BCE			Diomedes	Amyntas		Epander
90 BCE			Theophilus	Peucolaus		Thraso
90–85 BCE			Nicias	Menander II		Artemidorus
90–70 BCE			Hermaeus	Archebius
			Yuezhi occupation		Maues (Indo-Scythian)
75–70 BCE				Vonones	Telephus	Apollodotus II
65–55 BCE				Spalirises		Hippostratus	Dionysius
55–35 BCE					Azes I (Indo-Scythians)		Zoilus II
55–35 BCE					Vijayamitra/Azilises		Apollophanes
25 BCE – 10 CE				Gondophares	Zeionises	Kharahostes	Strato II Strato III
				Gondophares (Indo-Parthian)			Rajuvula (Indo-Scythian)
			Kujula Kadphises (Kushan Empire)				Bhadayasa (Indo-Scythian)	Sodasa (Indo-Scythian)
^O. Bopearachchi, "Monnaies gréco-bactriennes et indo-grecques, Catalogue raisonné", Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, 1991, p.453 ^Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2 April 2019)."History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE". BRILL – via Google Books.

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