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Panina

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Subtribe of mammals

For the feminine form of the Russian surname, seePanin.

Panina Temporal range:7–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

A malechimpanzee (left) and a malebonobo (right)

Phylogeny of Panina including the ghost lineage andSahelanthropus.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	Hominidae
Subfamily:	Homininae
Tribe:	Hominini
Subtribe:	Panina Delson, 1977^[1]
Type genus
Pan Blumenbach, 1775
Genera
Pan †Sahelanthropus?

Panina^[2] is asubtribe of tribeHominini; it comprises all descendants of thehuman-chimpanzee last common ancestor (LCA) that arenot of the branch ofhuman lineage—that is, all those ancestors of the typegenusPan (chimpanzees andbonobos).^[3]^[1] This split/divergence occurred around 8 to 6 million years ago (mya),^[4] which compares with a range of other estimates for this event—likely extended by periods of hybridization—of from 15 to 3 mya.^[5]^[6] Fossils from this subtribe are typically rare because they tend to live in environments with poor fossilization. Some of the earliest chimpanzee fossils are 500,000 years of age.^[7]

Classification

[edit]

Panina is one of two subtribes of tribe Hominini; the other isAustralopithecina (or Hominina). ThegenusSahelanthropus lived around the time of the divergence, and may have then been found among one of these groups: a member of either branch of lineage; a precursor to both lineages; or possibly an early member of tribeGorillini, which previously had split from the human-chimpanzee lineage. Regardless, the morphology ofS. tchadensis supports the theory that,at and after the divergence, hominins then areunlikely to resemble in appearance(s) with any number of derived characters of their descendants.^[8]^[9] A genetic study conducted in 2010 surveyed chimpanzeemitochondrial genomes and discovered the presence of an extinctghost lineage, (i.e., fossil evidence doesn't exist yet) of Panina that diverged around 3.3 mya and began interbreeding with bonobos (Pan paniscus), who then interbred with chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). This signature is carried more heavily inP. troglodytes despite having interbred with bonobos first, seeing as how they occupy a greater range.^[10]

References

[edit]

^^a ^bDelson, Eric (1977). "Catarrhine phylogeny and classification: Principles, methods and comments".Journal of Human Evolution.6 (5):433–459.doi:10.1016/S0047-2484(77)80057-2.
^Panina atFossilworks.org
^Harrison, T. (2010),"Dendropithecoidea, Proconsuloidea, and Hominoidea",Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, pp. 429–470,doi:10.1525/california/9780520257214.003.0024,ISBN 9780520257214
^Dolhinow, Phyllis; Sarich, Vincent (1971).Background for Man. Little, Brown & Co. p. 76.ISBN 9780512246967.
^ScienceNews.org – 'Hybrid-Driven Evolution: Genomes show complexity of human-chimp split: Not only did the evolutionary parting of human from chimpanzee ancestors occur more recently than had been indicated by previous data, but it also played out over an extended period during which forerunners of people and chimps interbred', Bruce Bower,Science News (May 20, 2006)
^Patterson, N.; Richter, D. J.; Gnerre, S.; Lander, E. S.; Reich, D. (2006). "Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees".Nature.441 (7097):1103–1108.Bibcode:2006Natur.441.1103P.doi:10.1038/nature04789.PMID 16710306.S2CID 2325560.
^Hopkin, M. (2005),"First chimp fossil unearthed",Nature,doi:10.1038/news050829-10
^Guy, F.; Lieberman, D.E.; Pilbeam, D.; et al. (2005)."Morphological affinities of theSahelanthropus tchadensis (Late Miocene hominid from Chad) cranium".PNAS.102 (52):18836–18841.Bibcode:2005PNAS..10218836G.doi:10.1073/pnas.0509564102.PMC 1323204.PMID 16380424.
^Wolpoff, M. H.; Hawks, J.; Senut, B.; et al. (2006)."An Ape orthe Ape : Is the Toumaï Cranium TM 266 a Hominid?"(PDF).PaleoAnthropology.2006:36–50.
^Bjork, Adam; Liu, Weimin; Wertheim, Joel O.; Hahn, Beatrice H.; Worobey, Michael (2011),"Evolutionary History of Chimpanzees Inferred from Complete Mitochondrial Genomes",Molecular Biology and Evolution,28:615–623,doi:10.1093/molbev/msq227,PMC 3108604,PMID 20802239

v t e Apes
Extant ape species	Homo Human (H. sapiens) Pan Bonobo (P. paniscus) Chimpanzee (P. troglodytes) Gorilla Eastern gorilla (G. beringei) Western gorilla (G. gorilla) Orangutan Sumatran orangutan (P. abelii) Bornean orangutan (P. pygmaeus) Tapanuli orangutan (P. tapanuliensis) Gibbon (family: Hylobatidae)
Study of apes	Great ape language Dian Fossey Birutė Galdikas Jane Goodall Chimpanzee genome project Human Genome Project Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka Neanderthal genome project Willie Smits Lone Drøscher Nielsen Ian Redmond Elgin Center Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary Borneo Orangutan Survival Primate archaeology
Legal and social status	Personhood Research ban Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes Great Ape Project Great Apes Survival Partnership International Primate Day Nonhuman Rights Project
Related	Primate List of individual apes (non-human) Apes in space (non-human) Bigfoot Bushmeat Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor Gorilla–human last common ancestor Orangutan–human last common ancestor Gibbon–human last common ancestor List of fictional primates (non-human) Great apes Human evolution Monkey Day Mythic humanoids Yeren Yeti Yowie
Category

Extant species of familyHominidae(great apes)

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates
Suborder:Haplorhini

Hominidae

Ponginae

Pongo (Orangutans)	Sumatran orangutan (P. abelii) Bornean orangutan (P. pygmaeus) Tapanuli orangutan (P. tapanuliensis)

Homininae

Gorilla
(Gorillas)

Hominini

Pan	Bonobo (P. paniscus) Chimpanzee (P. troglodytes)
Homo (Humans)	Human (H. sapiens)

Category

Haplorhini

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates

Haplorhini

†"Omomyidae"

Altanius? Altiatlasius? Bownomomys Kohatius
Microchoerinae	Indusomys Melaneremia Microchoerus Nannopithex Necrolemur Paraloris Pseudoloris Quercyloris Vectipithex
"Anaptomorphinae"	Absarokius Anaptomorphus Anemorhysis Arapahovius Aycrossia Chlororhysis Gazinius Pseudotetonius Sphacorhysis Strigorhysis Tatmanius Teilhardina Tetonius Tetonoides Trogolemur Walshina
"Omomyinae"	Ageitodendron Asiomomys Brontomomys Chipetaia Chumashius Diablomomys Dyseolemur Ekwiiyemakius Gunnelltarsius Hemiacodon Jemezius Loveina Macrotarsius Nesomomys Omomys Ourayia Rooneyia Shoshonius Steinius Stockia Uintanius Utahia Washakius Wyomomys Yaquius
Tarkadectinae	Tarka Tarkadectes Tarkops

Tarsiiformes

†Archicebus †Afrotarsiidae? †"Omomyidae"?
Tarsiidae	Carlito Cephalopachus †Hesperotarsius †Oligotarsius Tarsius †Xanthorhysis?

Simiiformes

- see below↓

Simiiformes

†Afrotarsiidae?

Afrasia
Afrotarsius

†Eosimiidae

†Amphipithecidae

†Parapithecoidea

Arsinoea Biretia
Proteopithecidae	Proteopithecus Serapia
Parapithecidae	Abuqatrania Apidium Parapithecus Qatrania Ucayalipithecus

Platyrrhini

†Parvimico †Perupithecus †Szalatavus †Canaanimico †Branisella †Lagonimico
Aotidae	Aotus †Tremacebus
Pitheciidae	†Antillothrix Cacajao Callicebus †Carlocebus †Cebupithecia Cheracebus Chiropotes †Homunculus †Insulacebus †Mazzonicebus †Miocallicebus †Nuciruptor Pithecia Plecturocebus †Proteropithecia †Soriacebus †Xenothrix
Atelidae	Alouatta Ateles Brachyteles †Caipora †Cartelles †Chilecebus Lagothrix †Mohanamico Oreonax †Paralouatta †Protopithecus †Solimoea †Stirtonia
Cebidae	†Acrecebus Cebus †Dolichocebus †Killikaike †Panamacebus †Patasola Saimiri Sapajus
Callitrichidae	Callimico Callithrix Cebuella Leontocebus Leontopithecus Mico †Micodon Saguinus

Catarrhini	see below↓

Catarrhini

†Micropithecus
†Saadanius

†Oligopithecidae

†Propliopithecidae

†Pliopithecoidea

Krishnapithecus Paidopithex †Kapi
Pliopithecidae	Epipliopithecus Pliopithecus
Dionysopithecidae	Dionysopithecus Platodontopithecus
Crouzeliidae	Anapithecus Barberapithecus Crouzelia Egarapithecus Fanchangia Laccopithecus Plesiopliopithecus Pliobates

Cercopithecoidea

†Alophe

†Victoriapithecidae

Colobinae

Cercopithecinae

Cercopithecini	Allenopithecus Allochrocebus Cercopithecus Chlorocebus Erythrocebus Miopithecus †Nanopithecus
Papionini	Cercocebus †Dinopithecus †Gorgopithecus Lophocebus Macaca Mandrillus Papio †Paradolichopithecus †Parapapio †Pliopapio †Procercocebus †Procynocephalus Rungwecebus †Soromandrillus Theropithecus

Hominoidea	see below↓

Hominoidea

†Afropithecus †Ekembo †Equatorius †Griphopithecus †Kamoyapithecus? †Kenyapithecus †Morotopithecus †Nacholapithecus †Otavipithecus †Proconsul †Samburupithecus
†Dendropithecidae	Dendropithecus Micropithecus? Nyanzapithecus Oreopithecus? Rangwapithecus Rukwapithecus Simiolus Turkanapithecus
Hylobatidae	†Bunopithecus Hoolock Hylobates †Junzi Nomascus Symphalangus †Yuanmoupithecus

Hominidae

†Buronius †Graecopithecus †Nakalipithecus †Ouranopithecus
Ponginae	†Ankarapithecus †Gigantopithecus †Indopithecus †Khoratpithecus †Lufengpithecus †Meganthropus Pongo †Sivapithecus

Pan
Hominina	†Ardipithecus? †Australopithecus †Graecopithecus? Homo †Kenyanthropus †Orrorin? †Sahelanthropus? †Paranthropus

Taxon identifiers
Panina	Wikidata:Q3305022 Wikispecies:Panina BioLib:619796 Paleobiology Database:397855

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panina&oldid=1280151404"

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