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Panch Kalyanaka (Sanskrit:pan̄ca kalyāṇaka, "Five Auspicious Events") are the five chief auspicious events that occur in the life oftirthankara inJainism.^[1][2][3] They are commemorated as part of manyJain rituals and festivals.^[4]

These auspicious life events are as below:^[3][4][5][6]

1. Chyavana kalyāṇaka: When theātman (soul) of a tirthankara enter's their mother's womb.^[7]
2. Janma kalyāṇaka: Birth of the tirthankara.^[2][7] Janmabhisheka^[8] is a ritual celebrating this event in whichIndra doesabhisheka with 1008 Kalasha (holy vessels) on the tirthankara onMount Meru.^[9]
3. Dīkṣā kalyāṇaka: When a tirthankara renounce all worldly possessions and becomes an ascetic.^[10]
4. Kēvalajñāna kalyāṇaka: The event when a tirthankara attainskēvalajñāna (absolute knowledge). A divinesamavasarana (preaching hall) appears, from where the tirthankara delivers sermons and restores theJain community and teachings.^[11]
5. Nirvāṇa kalyāṇaka: When a tirthankara leaves their mortal body, it is known asnirvana. It is followed by final liberation,moksha. A tirthankara is considered aSiddha after that.^[12][13]

These dates are calledKalyanaka Tithi.All dates are considered according to Jain calendar known asJain Panchang based on theVira Nirvana Samvat, but they differ according to different sects of Jain tradition and sometimes different within the same tradition also.^{[14][15][16][17][s][d][o]}

The following table states theKalyanaka Tithis according to the Digambar Jain tradition from theVira Nirvana Samvat Calendar.

Note: This list is according to Śvētāmbara tradition and months are according to the Gujarati calendar.

Keys

• Dates are in short format. For example,Kartika Shukla 15 means Fifteenth day of Bright fortnight (waxing fortnight) (Sud) of Kartika month, or the Full moon day of the Kartika month.
• ^ s: according toŚvētāmbara tradition
  
• ^ d: according toDigambara tradition
  
• ^ o: according to other sources
  

Kalyanaka Bhumi are places where any of these Kalyanaka took place in relation to 24Tirthankara. They are considered places of pilgrimage by Jains.^[5] 20 out of 24Tirthankaras' Nirvana kalyanaka took place atShikharji.^[13]

They are as below:^[13][18][19]

SomeJain rituals have close relationship with these five Kalyanakas.Panch Kalyanaka Puja is a ritual solemnizes all five Kalyanaka. It was narrated by Pandit Virvijay.Snatra Puja is a ritual related to Janma Kalyanaka in which icons ofTirthankara are bathed symbolisingIndra doingAbhisheka onTirthankara onMount Meru after birth ofTirthankara. It performed before many other rituals and before starting of new enterprises, birthdays.^[9]

When a newJain Temple is erected, these Five Auspicious Life Events are celebrated known asPanch Kalyanaka Pratishtha Mahotsava. It is followed byAnjana Shalaka, a ceremony to install newTirthankara icon. AnAcharya recitemantras related to Panch Kalyanaka followed by applying special paste to eyes ofTirthankara (as per Shwetambar tradition) image . After these an icons ofTirthankara gets a status of realTirthankara which can be worshipped by Jains.Acharya have to fast for three days before that.^[21]

ManyJain festivals mark Kalyanaka ofTirthankara especially Janma and Nirvana Kalyanaka.

Mahavir Janma Kalyanak marks Janma Kalyanak (birth) of 24th Tirthankara,Mahavira.Abhisheka of icons are done on this day and procession celebrating this event takes place in the cities. It is on 13th day of bright half of Chaitra month ofJain calendar (March/April).^[9]

Diwali is a day of Nirvana Kalyanaka of Mahavira. He attainedMoksha on this day in 527 BCE. It falls on fifteenth day of dark half of Ashwin (Aaso) month (September/October) which is also a last day of a year.^[9]

Pausha Dashmi is celebrated on 10th day of dark half of Pausha (Pushya) month ofHindu calendar(December/January). It marks Janma kalyanaka (birth) of 23rd Tirthankara,Parshvanath. Three days fast is observed by many Jains.

Maun Agiyaras or Ekadashi marks Kalyanaka of many Tirthankaras. It is celebrated on 11th day of Magshar month ofJain calendar (October/November). On this day, complete silence is observed and fasting is kept. Meditation is also performed.^[9]

Wikimedia Commons has media related toPanch Kalyanaka.

• Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
• God in Jainism
• Jain symbols

• Vyas, Dr. R. T., ed. (1995),Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects, The Director, Oriental Institute, on behalf of the Registrar, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara,ISBN 81-7017-316-7

• Jain festivals

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