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Pacoh language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Katuic language spoken in Laos and Vietnam
Pacoh
Native toLaos,Vietnam
EthnicityPacoh
Native speakers
32,000 (2002–2005)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3pac
Glottologpaco1243

ThePacoh language is a member of theKatuic language group, a part of the Eastern[1]Mon–Khmer linguistic branch. Most Pacoh speakers live in centralLaos and centralVietnam.[2] Pacoh is undergoing substantial change, influenced by theVietnamese.[3]

Alternative names are Paco, Pokoh, Bo River Van Kieu. Its dialects are Pahi (Ba-Hi). They are officially classified by the Vietnamese government as Ta'Oi (Tà Ôi) people.

Phonology

[edit]

Vowels (Sidwell 2003):

Pacoh has six vowel qualities, all of which occurlong and short, in modal andcreaky voice. Creaky vowels arelowered compared to modally voiced vowels. There are threediphthongs which also occur modal and creaky. Unlike other languages in the area, vowel phonation does not seem to have originated in the phonation of preceding consonants.

Monophthongs
frontcentralback
High modali iːɨ ɨːu uː
Low modale eːə əːo oː
High creakyḛ ḛːə̰ ə̰ːo̰ o̰ː
Low creakyɛ̰ ɛ̰ːa̰ a̰ːɔ̰ ɔ̰ː
Diphthongs
frontcentralback
Modalɨə
Creakyḛaə̰ao̰a

Grammar

[edit]
Pacoh Pronouns
1st person2nd person3rd person
singulardualpluralsingulardualpluralsingulardualplural
Generalkɨ:ɲaŋdɔ:ʔmmajʔiɲa:ʔaɲa:hɛ:ʔipɛ:ʔapɛ:
Genitiveʔɳkɨ:ʔɲɲaŋʔndɔ:ʔmmajʔndɔ:-ʔiɲa:ʔndɔ:-ʔaɲa:ʔŋhɛ:ʔndɔ:-ʔipɛ:ʔndɔ:-ʔapɛ:
Dativeʔakɨ:ʔaɲaŋʔadɔ:ʔamajʔadɔ:-ʔiɲa:ʔadɔ:-ʔaɲa:ʔahɛ:ʔadɔ:-ʔipɛ:ʔadɔ:-ʔapɛ:

Pacoh is an analytic SVO language with six parts of speech—including verbs, nouns, prepositions, adverbs, conjunctions, and sentence particles, all variably depend on each other in syntactic relationship, and five important grammatical cases—nominative, accusative, dative, locative, predicative. There are no markers for the nominative and accusative cases, and word order is relied on to distinguish them instead.

Jǫ:n

give

ʔakɨ:

DAT-1SG

ʃac

book

maj

2SG

Jǫ:n ʔakɨ: ʃac maj

give DAT-1SG book 2SG

"Give me your book."

dɔ:

NOM-1PL

pe:ŋ

shoot

ʔa-ceʔ

ACC-bird

daŋ

means

tumiəŋ

crossbow

dɔ: pe:ŋ ʔa-ceʔ daŋ tumiəŋ

NOM-1PL shoot ACC-bird means crossbow

"I shot the bird with crossbow."

The predicative case marks a noun dependent on noun, usually common nouns, extension relator nouns, and demonstrative nouns.

ʔnkǫ:ŋ

man

ʔən

that

ʔiəw

old

ʔnkoh

that-PRED

ʔnkǫ:ŋ ʔən ʔiəw ʔnkoh

man that old that-PRED

"That old man."

References

[edit]
  1. ^Pacoh atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Table 41: Austroasiatic languages. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved2007-09-11.
  3. ^Mark J. Alves."A grammar of Pacoh: A Mon–Khmer language of the central highlands of Vietnam". Pacific Linguistics Publishers. Archived fromthe original on 2007-08-29. Retrieved2007-09-11.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Alves, M. J. (2006). "A grammar of Pacoh: a Mon–Khmer language of the central highlands of Vietnam".Pacific linguistics, 580. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, the Australian National University.ISBN 0-85883-568-1
  • Watson, Richard L. (1964). "Pacoh Phonemes".Mon-Khmer Studies.

External links

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