Epidemiology – study of cause and prevalence of diseases and programs to contain them
First aid – assistance given to any person experiencing a sudden illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, and/or promote recovery. It includes initial intervention in a serious condition prior to professional medical help being available, such as performing CPR while awaiting an ambulance, as well as the complete treatment of minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut.
Optometry – branch of medicine that involves examining theeyes and applicablevisual systems for defects or abnormalities as well as the medical diagnosis and management of eye disease.
Surgery – branch of medicine that uses operative techniques to investigate or treat both disease and injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.
Anatomy – study of the physical structure oforganisms. In contrast tomacroscopic orgross anatomy,cytology andhistology are concerned with microscopic structures.
Biostatistics – application of statistics to biological fields in the broadest sense. A knowledge of biostatistics is essential in the planning, evaluation, and interpretation of medical research. It is also fundamental toepidemiology andevidence-based medicine.
Neuroscience(outline) – includes those disciplines of science that are related to the study of thenervous system. A main focus of neuroscience is the biology and physiology of the humanbrain andspinal cord.
Medical education – education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner; either the initial training to become aphysician, additional training thereafter, and fellowship.
Theodoric Borgognoni, one of the most significant surgeons of the medieval period, responsible for introducing and promoting important surgical advances including basicantiseptic practice and the use ofanaesthetics.
Guy de Chauliac, considered to be one of the earliest fathers of modern surgery, after the great Islamic surgeon,Abu al-Qasim.
Realdo Colombo, anatomist and surgeon who contributed to understanding of lesser circulation.
Michael Servetus, considered to be the first European todiscover the pulmonary circulation of the blood.
Ambroise Paré suggested using ligatures instead of cauterisation and tested thebezoar stone.
Epidemiology – study of the demographics of disease processes, and includes, but is not limited to, the study ofepidemics.
Nutrition – study of the relationship of food and drink to health and disease, especially in determining an optimal diet. Medical nutrition therapy is done by dietitians and is prescribed fordiabetes,cardiovascular diseases, weight and eatingdisorders, allergies,malnutrition, andneoplastic diseases.
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