Originale
Music theatre withKontakte by Karlheinz Stockhausen Mary Bauermeister
The composer in 1957
Catalogue	12+2⁄3
Performed	1961 (1961)

Originale (Originals, or "Real Characters"), musical theatre withKontakte, is a music theatre work by the German composerKarlheinz Stockhausen, written in collaboration with the artistMary Bauermeister. It was first performed in 1961 inCologne, and is given the work number12+2⁄3 in Stockhausen's catalogue of works.

Originale was commissioned from Stockhausen and Bauermeister by Hubertus Durek, manager of theTheater am Dom in Cologne, and his stage director, Carlheinz Caspari, who wanted "ein Stück, in dem Schauspieler, Maler, andere Künstler oder eben einfach »originale« Menschen frei in spontanen Aktionen auftreten sollten" ("a piece in which actors, painters, other artists, or just simply 'genuine characters' would appear freely in spontaneous actions").^[1] It was created while the pair were visiting Finland in August 1961. Stockhausen had been invited to lecture at the Summer University of Jyväskylä where, at a presentation ofKontakte, they met the piano virtuoso andSibelius biographerErik Tawaststjerna. Together with the Finnish architect and designerAlvar Aalto, a summer house north of Helsinki onLake Saimaa was put at their disposal, and the score ofOriginale was completely worked out there in just two weeks. The "silence" scene, in which the events on stage and the music stop for just one minute, and then everything resumes again, was inspired by the "unearthly" effect of the northerly summer light, which remained in the sky for just two hours or so during which the sun briefly dipped below the horizon, then rose again, "as the birds began to twitter, the fish stirred again, the wind came up, and there was day".^[2][3]

Performances ofOriginale subsequent to the twelve first performances in Cologne between 26 October and 6 November 1962 have been rare. Productions took place in New York in September 1964, organized jointly by Mary Bauermeister andCharlotte Moorman,^[4] in 1990 in San Francisco directed and organized by Randall Packer,^[5][6] and on 21 January 2007 in connection with a 2006–2007 exhibition of Mary Bauermeister's tetralogyFama Fluxus—Mythos Beuys—Legende Paik—Atelier Mary Bauermeister inSindelfingen.^[7]

The New York performances took place at Judson Hall,165 West 57th Street, across fromCarnegie Hall,^[8] as part of the second annual New YorkAnnual Avant Garde Festival, during the early performative period of the avant-garde movementFluxus. Outside the concert hall on the opening night, 8 September 1964, several New York artists calling themselves Action Against Cultural Imperialism, including Fluxus founderGeorge Maciunas,Concept Art creatorHenry Flynt, poet, journalist, and activistMarc Schleifer, violinist and filmmakerTony Conrad, and actor/poet Alan Marlowe protested against Stockhausen as a "cultural imperialist" because of some reportedly disparaging remarks about jazz and folk music he was supposed to have made at Harvard in 1958.^{[9][10][11][12]} Some of the protesters seen before the event were actually performers involved in the piece, including poetAllen Ginsberg who, enlisting the support of Schleifer, extorted his way into the picket line against Flynt's wishes. Claims by Moorman and Stage DirectorAllan Kaprow that they also joined the pickets have been disputed.^[13][14] Meanwhile, Maciunas had recruited cast memberRobert Delford Brown as a saboteur. Brown, performing the part of the Painter, came costumed as a huge papier-mache penis and, some way into the performance, lit a stink bomb on stage. This forced an evacuation of the hall and an unscheduled intermission to clear the air.Edgard Varèse, who had been seated near the front as guest of honor, had a violent coughing attack and had to be assisted out to the street. Needless to say, Brown disappeared during the interruption and in subsequent performances was replaced by the Japanese artistAy-O, who was living at that time in New York. Thrilled press reviews reported that the protest and sabotage were actually part of the performance, a publicity stunt staged by Stockhausen himself.^{[15][16][12][17][18]}) Brown disputed the accounts that he was an intentional saboteur or that any rift developed between him and his friend Kaprow.^[19] Brown's only interest was to create as outrageous a spectacle as possible and embody the persona of the "Artist." His own documentation left no evidence of being involved in any way with Maciunas.^[20]

The May 1990 performance produced and directed by Randall Packer in San Francisco was presented by Zakros InterArts at Theater Artaud. It was the first West Coast performance ofOriginale and was the first time it had been performed since the 1964 New York City performances.^[21] The production draw fromrecent technological advancements to introduce digital techniques of sound manipulation and live video, replacing the analog media of the 1960s, to disrupt the linear flow of the work and to enhance its qualities of fragmentation and deconstruction of everyday events.^{[citation needed]}

A performance celebrating the 50th anniversary of the 1964 New York performance was produced in 2014 atThe Kitchen by composer/performersNick Hallett and Zach Layton.^[22][23]

In 2015 theBerlin State Opera produced a new version ofOriginale staged by Georg Schütky.^[24][25][26] It featured a mainly Berlin-based cast (e.g.,Irm Hermann,Gerhard Rühm, Thomas Goerge, Max Renne, Vincent Stefan). The performances took place in the Werkstatt imSchillertheater which allowed the realisation of Stockhausen's principle of an inverted arena situation, with the actio in the centre, and the audience around it.

The surreal absurdity ofOriginale recallsSamuel Beckett,Alain Robbe-Grillet's books and filmL'année dernière à Marienbad, and, in its use of the commonplace,Harold Pinter.^[27] It combines the rigorous, tightly controlled compositional form of Stockhausen'sserial music with the loosely structured improvisational framework of the earlyHappenings. The score toOriginale is groundbreaking for its incorporation of performance events and other assorted "actions" into a musical organization with precise "timepoints" or temporal markings, typical of Stockhausen's musical scores. Within the 94 minute duration ofOriginale is a performance of Stockhausen'sKontakte for piano, percussion, and electronics, that is woven throughout the work, providing a central unifying element to this often disjointed work. In addition toKontakte, the Cologne performances included tape-recorded excerpts from Stockhausen'sCarré for four orchestras and choirs,Gesang der Jünglinge,Gruppen for three orchestras, andZyklus for a percussionist.^[28]

An unusual assortment of "characters" are introduced inOriginale, including a pianist, a percussionist, a sound technician, a stage director, a cameraman, a lighting technician, an action composer, an action painter, a poet, a street singer, a coat checker, a newspaper vendor, a fashion model, a child (playing with blocks), an animal handler with animal, a conductor, and five actors reading a collage of unrelated texts.^[29]

According to the musicologistKarl Heinrich Wörner [de], "Originale is a musical composition. The macrorhythm of scene continuity and the ordering of moments are musical. The individual scenes are composed musically, regardless of whether or not there is any 'music' in them. The verbal counterpoint is musical, as are the 'monodic' word melodies and the polyphony of speaking voices".^[30]Originale is constructed in 18 scenes, grouped into seven self-sufficient "structures", which may be performed in any order, either successively or with as many as three structures simultaneously, on three separated stages.^[31] Each character's actions are specified to take place within a specified number of seconds or minutes, and at one point the actors even speak in what Stockhausen calls "formant rhythms": in a span of four minutes one actor speaks three equally spaced words, a second actor has five equally spaced words, a third has eight, and yet another has thirteen, while a fifth provides a "noise band" of completely irregular rhythms.^[27]

• Film of the New York premiere, September 1964 onUbuWeb
• 2007 Originale performance in Sindelfingen, with photographs
• Analog Arts information page about the 2014 production, with a program note and archival photos of the 1961 premiere.

• Compositions by Karlheinz Stockhausen
• 1961 compositions
• Serial compositions

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• CS1 German-language sources (de)