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One-party state

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(Redirected fromOne-party system)
State in which only one party has the right to form the government
Not to be confused withDominant-party system.
This article is about one-party political states. For telephone call recording laws and notification and requirements, seeTelephone call recording laws § One-party consent states. For the album, seeOne Party State (album). For other uses, seeOne party (disambiguation).
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Aone-party state,single-party state,one-party system orsingle-party system is a governance structure in which only a singlepolitical party controls the ruling system.[1] In a one-party state, all opposition parties are either outlawed or enjoy limited andcontrolled participation inelections. The term "de facto one-party state" is sometimes used to describe adominant-party system that, unlike a one-party state, allows (at least nominally) multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of political power effectively prevent the opposition from winning power.[2]

Membership in the ruling party tends to be relatively small compared to the population.[3] Rather, they give out private goods to fellow elites to ensure continued support. One-party, compared to dominant-party dictatorships, structure themselves unlike democracies. They also turn into multi-party democracies at a lower rate than dominant-party dictatorships.[4] While one-party states prohibit opposition parties, some allow for independent canditates to stand for election in competition with party candidates. Therefore, they place elites and sympathetic candidates in key administrative races.[5] For example, the Chinese Communist Party exercises political control by infiltrating village administrations.[6] They view these positions as crucial for gathering information on the population and maintaining a presence in the far reaches of their borders.[7]

One-party states recognize the trade-off between election victory and gathering valuable data.[8] To account for this, the regimes have been observed placing local nobility in easy-to-win races.[9] One-party states have also been observed using elections to ensure that only the most popular elites get chosen to office.[10] They also gather data from elections to indicate if a local official is performing poorly in the eyes of the residents.[10] This gives locals the opportunity to monitor local officials and communicate satisfaction with the local government.[10] Throughout the country, members of the one party hold key political positions.[4] In doing so, the party avoids committing outright fraud and rather sustains their power at the local level with strategic appointment of elites.[7] Data on one-party regimes can be difficult to gather given their lack of transparency.[5]

Current one-party states

[edit]

As of 2025, the following countries are legally constituted as one-party states:

CountryHead of partyLeader titlePartyIdeologyDate of establishmentDurationNotes
China[11]
Xi Jinping		General SecretaryChinese Communist PartySocialism with Chinese characteristics1 October 194975 years, 185 daysEight minor parties have legal status as part of the "united front" system, but their leadership is determined by the Chinese Communist Party'sUnited Front Work Department[12]
Cuba[13]
Miguel Díaz-Canel		First SecretaryCommunist Party of CubaMarxism–Leninism,Castroism,Guevarism,Left-wing nationalism3 October 196563 years, 353 days
Eritrea[14]
Isaias Afwerki		ChairpersonPeople's Front for Democracy and JusticeEritrean nationalism,Statism16 February 199431 years, 47 days
Laos[15]
Thongloun Sisoulith		General SecretaryLao People's Revolutionary PartyKaysone Phomvihane Thought2 December 197549 years, 123 days
North Korea[16]
Kim Jong-un		General SecretaryWorkers' Party of KoreaKimilsungism–Kimjongilism9 September 194876 years, 207 daysTwo minor parties are legally recognised, but are under the control of the Workers' Party of Korea[17]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Brahim Ghali		Secretary GeneralPolisario FrontSahrawi nationalism,Arab socialism27 February 197649 years, 36 daysState with limited recognition, headquartered inAlgeria
Vietnam[18]
Tô Lâm		General SecretaryCommunist Party of VietnamHo Chi Minh Thought2 September 1945[note 1]49 years, 339 daysTwo satellite parties operated until 1988; they were dissolved in response to theRevolutions of 1989.

De facto one-party states

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This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(November 2024)

Ade facto one-party system is one that, while not officially linking a single political party to governmental power, utilizes some means of political manipulation to ensure only one party stays in power.[22] Many different countries have been claimed to bede facto one-party states, with differing levels of agreement between scholars, although most agree that the African continent is marked by this political system.[23][24][25] Below are just a few examples of governments that have been claimed to have single party rule due to political manipulation.

CountryPartyDate of

establishment

Information
 CambodiaCambodian People's Party2017While Cambodia is constitutionally amulti-party state,[26] the Cambodian People's Party dominatesits political system, and the party dissolvedits main opposition party in 2017, making Cambodia ade facto one-party state.[27]
 NicaraguaSandinista National Liberation Front2021Although Nicaragua has been practicing multiparty elections since 1990, the country has become a de facto one-party state with Sandinista National Liberation Front as the sole dominating party and was consolidated after the2021 Nicaraguan general election.[28]
 RwandaRwandan Patriotic Front1994Although Rwanda nominally allows for multiparty elections, they are manipulated in various ways, which include the banning of opposition parties, the arrests or assassinations of critics, andelectoral fraud.[29][30]
 Venezuela[31]United Socialist Party of Venezuela2017Since 2014, the country has been going through a period of crisis of legitimacy and exceptionality due to the order to close theNational Assembly and the convocation of aConstituent Assembly byNicolás Maduro on May 1, 2017, composed mostly of PSUV politicians. Since then, different laws have been approved to restrict political participation, including informal persecution and the disqualification of certain politicians (including complaints of electoral fraud), concluding in 2024, at which point, because of new laws, the majority ofopposition politicians have been disqualified and their organizations banned, leaving only acontrolled opposition.[32][33]

Former one-party states

[edit]
CountryPartyIdeologyDate of establishmentDate of dissolutionDurationContinent
Republic of AfghanistanNational Revolutionary PartyPashtun nationalism,Pashtunization,Republicanism,Secularism14 February 1977[34][35]28 April 19781 year, 73 daysAsia
Democratic Republic of AfghanistanPeople's Democratic Party of Afghanistan-KhalqCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,Stalinism,Pashtun nationalism,Anti-imperialism30 April 197824 December 19791 year, 238 daysAsia
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan/Republic of AfghanistanPeople's Democratic Party of Afghanistan-Parcham (National Fatherland Front)Communism (until 1990),Marxism–Leninism (until 1990),Afghan nationalism,Anti-imperialism24 December 197928 July 199212 years, 217 daysAsia
Albanian KingdomAlbanian Fascist PartyAlbanian nationalism,Greater Albania,Fascism,Italophilia,Serbophobia,Hellenophobia2 June 193927 July 19434 years, 55 daysEurope
Albanian KingdomGuard of Greater AlbaniaAlbanian nationalism,Fascism27 July 19438 September 194343 daysEurope
Albanian KingdomNational FrontAlbanian nationalism,Greater Albania,Anti-communism,Republicanism,Big tent,Agrarian socialism14 September 194329 November 194376 daysEurope
Democratic Government of AlbaniaParty of Labour of Albania (National Liberation Movement)Communism,Marxism–Leninism,Hoxhaism,Anti-revisionism,Albanian nationalism,State Atheism20 October 19445 August 1945289 daysEurope
Democratic Government of AlbaniaParty of Labour of Albania (Democratic Front)5 August 194511 January 1946159 daysEurope
Albania11 January 194611 December 199044 years, 334 daysEurope
 AlgeriaNational Liberation FrontArab socialism,Algerian nationalism,Pan-Arabism,Anti-imperialism3 July 196223 February 198926 years, 235 daysAfrica
AngolaPeople's Republic of AngolaPeople's Movement for the Liberation of AngolaCommunism,Left-wing nationalism,Marxism–Leninism11 November 197530 May 199115 years, 200 daysAfrica
ArmeniaCommunist Party of ArmeniaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism2 December 192030 December 19222 years, 28 daysAsia
TranscaucasiaCommunist Party of ArmeniaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism12 March 192230 December 1922293 daysAsia
Federal State of AustriaFatherland FrontClerical fascism1 May 193413 March 19383 years, 316 daysEurope
AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Communist PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism30 April 192030 December 19222 years, 244 daysAsia
TranscaucasiaAzerbaijan Communist PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism12 March 192230 December 1922293 daysAsia
 BangladeshBangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami LeagueMujibism,Bengali nationalism,Socialism24 January 197515 August 1975203 daysAsia
 BangladeshJatiya PartyBangladeshi nationalism,Conservatism,Authoritarianism,Militarism11 March 19886 December 19902 years, 270 daysAsia
DahomeyDahomeyan Democratic PartyAfrican nationalism15 December 19634 December 19651 year, 354 daysAfrica
BeninBeninPeople's Revolutionary Party of BeninCommunism,Marxism–Leninism (nominally)30 November 19751 March 199014 years, 91 daysAfrica
Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaNational PartnershipCollaborationism,Nazism6 April 19399 May 19456 years, 33 daysEurope
BulgariaBulgarian Communist Party (Fatherland Front)Communism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism15 September 194615 January 199043 years, 122 daysEurope
State of BurmaDobama Sinyetha Asi Ayon[36]194319441 year, 0 daysAsia
State of BurmaMaha Bama Asi Ayon[37]194419451 year, 0 daysAsia
MyanmarBurmaBurma Socialist Programme PartyBurmese Way to Socialism2 March 196218 September 198826 years, 200 daysAsia
Republic of BurundiUnion for National ProgressBurundiannationalism,Tutsi interests11 July 197413 March 199217 years, 246 daysAfrica
ByelorussiaCommunist Party of ByelorussiaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism31 July 192030 December 19222 years, 152 daysEurope
 Cambodia (Sangkum era)SangkumKhmer nationalism,National conservatism,Royalism,Statism,Buddhist socialism,Economic nationalism22 March 195518 March 197014 years, 361 daysAsia
KampucheaKampuchean People's Revolutionary PartyCommunism,Socialism,Marxism–Leninism,Revisionism,Left-wing nationalism7 January 19791 May 198910 years, 114 daysAsia
Republic of CameroonCameroonian National UnionBig tent1 September 1966[38]24 March 198518 years, 204 daysAfrica
 CameroonCameroon People's Democratic MovementBig tent,Nationalism,Francophilia1975199015 years, 0 daysAfrica
 Cape VerdeAfrican Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape VerdeCommunism,Marxism–Leninism1 July 197520 January 19815 years, 203 daysAfrica
 Cape VerdeAfrican Party for the Independence of Cape VerdeCommunism,Marxism–Leninism20 January 198128 September 19909 years, 251 daysAfrica
Carpatho-UkraineUkrainian National Union [uk][39]Nationalism[40]18 January 1939[41]March 193960 daysEurope
 Central African RepublicMovement for the Social Evolution of Black AfricaAfrican nationalism,Anti-colonialism,Progressivism,Anti-imperialism1962198018 years, 0 daysAfrica
 Central African RepublicCentral African Democratic UnionAfrican nationalism,Republicanism1 March 19802 September 19811 year, 185 daysAfrica
 Central African RepublicCentral African Democratic RallyAfrican nationalism,Democratic socialism,Social democracy,Republicanism6 February 198722 April 1991[42]4 years, 75 daysAfrica
ChadChadian Progressive PartyAfrican nationalism,Pan-Africanism,Anti-imperialism,African socialism,Federalism16 April 19626 April 197310 years, 355 daysAfrica
 ChadNational Movement for the Cultural and Social RevolutionAfrican nationalism,Pan-Africanism,Anti-imperialism,African socialism,Federalism6 April 197313 April 19752 years, 7 daysAfrica
 ChadNational Union for Independence and RevolutionNationalism24 June 19843 December 19906 years, 162 daysAfrica
GuangzhouChinese Communist PartyMarxism–Leninism,Mao Zedong Thought,Chinese communism19271927Asia
HunanChinese Communist PartyMarxism–Leninism,Mao Zedong Thought,Chinese communism19271927Asia
JinggangChinese Communist PartyMarxism–Leninism,Mao Zedong Thought,Chinese communism192719281 year, 0 daysAsia
Southwest JiangxiChinese Communist PartyMarxism–Leninism,Mao Zedong Thought,Chinese communism193019311 year, 0 daysAsia
Chinese Soviet RepublicChinese Communist PartyMarxism–Leninism,Mao Zedong Thought,Chinese communism7 November 193122 September 19375 years, 319 daysAsia
XinjiangPeople's Anti-Imperialist AssociationSix Great Policies1 August 19351 April 19426 years, 243 daysAsia
 Republic of China[note 2]/TaiwanKuomintangTridemism1 July 192515 July 198762 years, 14 daysAsia
Yan'anChinese Communist PartyMarxism–Leninism,Mao Zedong Thought,Chinese communism1937194912 years, 0 daysAsia
 ComorosComorian Union for ProgressNationalism198219908 years, 0 daysAfrica
Republic of the CongoPeople's Republic of the CongoCongolese Party of LabourCommunism,Marxism–Leninism31 January 196918 March 199223 years, 47 daysAfrica
Tinoquista Costa RicaPeliquista PartyNationalism,Personalism,Authoritarianism27 January 191712 August 19192 years, 197 daysNorth America
Czechoslovak Socialist RepublicCzechoslovakiaCommunist Party of Czechoslovakia (National Front)Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism,Husakism25 February 194830 November 198941 years, 278 daysEurope
DahomeyDahomeyan Unity PartyAfrican nationalism,Republicanism11 April 196113 November 19632 years, 216 daysAfrica
DanzigNazi PartyNazism21 October 1937[43][44]1 September 19391 year, 315 daysEurope
 DjiboutiPeople's Rally for ProgressIssa interests1 October 19814 September 199210 years, 339 daysAfrica
Dominican RepublicDominican RepublicDominican PartyTrujillism,National conservatism,Right-wing populism,Antihaitianismo2 August 193128 December 196130 years, 148 daysNorth America
East GermanyEast GermanySocialist Unity Party of Germany (Democratic Bloc)Communism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism7 October 194930 March 1950174 daysEurope
East GermanyEast GermanySocialist Unity Party of Germany (National Front of the German Democratic Republic)Communism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism30 March 19501 December 198939 years, 246 daysEurope
 EgyptLiberation RallyEgyptian nationalism,Pan-Arabism,Socialism10 February 195319574 years, 0 daysAfrica
 EgyptNational UnionNasserism,Pan-Arabism,Socialism195719625 years, 0 daysAfrica
 EgyptArab Socialist UnionArab nationalism,Arab socialism,Pan-Arabism,Nasserism1961197615 years, 0 daysAfrica
 EgyptNational Democratic PartyEgyptian nationalism,Big-Tent,Neo-liberalism1976201135 years, 0 daysAfrica
El SalvadorEl SalvadorNational Pro Patria PartyFascism,Anti-communism,Conservatism,Agrarianoligarchy1933194411 years, 0 daysCentral America
 Equatorial GuineaUnited National Workers' PartyAfrican nationalism,Personalism,Anti-imperialism,Anti-colonialism,Anti-racism,Pan-Africanism,Anti-intellectualism,Totalitarianism7 July 197025 August 19799 years, 49 daysAfrica
 Equatorial GuineaDemocratic Party of Equatorial GuineaAfrican nationalism,Militarism11 October 198716 November 19914 years, 36 daysAfrica
 EritreaEritrean People's Liberation FrontLeft-wing nationalism1991(Provisional government)

1993(Recognized state)

16 February 19943 years, 0 daysAfrica
EstoniaPatriotic League (National Front for the Implementation of the Constitution)Estonian nationalism,Personalism9 March 193521 July 19405 years, 134 daysEurope
EstoniaCommunist Party of EstoniaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism21 July 19409 August 194019 daysEurope
EthiopiaCommission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of EthiopiaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism12 September 198422 February 19872 years, 163 daysAfrica
EthiopiaWorkers' Party of EthiopiaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism22 February 198728 April 19914 years, 65 daysAfrica
 GabonGabonese Democratic PartyConservatism12 March 196822 May 199022 years, 71 daysAfrica
GeorgiaCommunist Party of GeorgiaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism25 February 192130 December 19221 year, 308 daysAsia
TranscaucasiaCommunist Party of GeorgiaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism12 March 192230 December 1922293 daysAsia
Nazi GermanyNational Socialist German Workers' PartyNazism14 July 193323 May 194511 years, 313 daysEurope
Reich Commissariat for the Occupied Dutch TerritoriesNational Socialist Movement in the NetherlandsCollaborationism,Dutch irredentism, Dutch nationalism andNazism14 December 19416 May 19453 years, 143 daysEurope
 GhanaConvention People's PartyNkrumaism,African socialism,African nationalism,Pan-Africanism31 January 196424 February 19662 years, 24 daysAfrica
GrenadaGrenadaNew Jewel MovementCommunism,Marxism–Leninism13 March 197925 October 19834 years, 226 daysNorth America
GuatemalaGuatemalaProgressive Liberal PartyUbicoism,Liberalism,Nationalism,Anti-communism19311944Central America
 GuineaDemocratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic RallyAfrican nationalism,African socialism,Pan-Africanism19601984Africa
 Guinea-BissauAfrican Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape VerdeCommunism,Marxism–Leninism19741991Africa
HaitiHaitiNational Unity PartyBlack nationalism,Haitian nationalism,Right-wing populism,Anti-communism,Anti-Americanism14 June 195722 July 198528 years, 38 daysNorth America
HawaiiReform PartyAmericanisation,Annexationism4 July 189412 August 18984 years, 39 daysNorth America
Government of National UnityArrow Cross PartyHungarism,Fascism,Collaborationism,Agrarianism16 October 19447 May 1945203 daysEurope
HungaryHungarian Working People's PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,Stalinism20 August 194931 October 19567 years, 72 daysEurope
HungaryHungarian Socialist Workers' PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,Kádárism31 October 195616 October 198932 years, 350 daysEurope
 IndonesiaIndonesian National PartyNationalism,Marhaenism17 August 19453 November 194578 daysAsia
IranImperial State of IranRastakhiz PartyMonarchism,Populism,Secularism,Democratic centralism,Third Position2 March 19751 November 19783 years, 244 daysAsia
IraqIraqi Arab Socialist UnionArab nationalism,Arab socialism,Pan-Arabism,Nasserism14 July 196417 July 19684 years, 3 daysAsia
IraqArab Socialist Ba'ath PartySaddamist Ba'athism,Arab nationalism,Arab socialism,Pan-Arabism,militarism17 July 19689 April 200334 years, 266 daysAsia
Kingdom of ItalyNational Fascist PartyFascism,Corporatism,Ultranationalism,Totalitarianism17 May 1928[45]
  • 9 January 1939
27 July 1943Europe
  • Africa
Italian Social RepublicRepublican Fascist PartyFascism,Corporatism,Ultranationalism,Totalitarianism,Antisemitism,Collaborationism13 September 194328 April 1945Europe
 Ivory CoastDemocratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic RallyAfrican nationalism,Conservatism,Populism,Houphouëtism,Pan-Africanism19601990Africa
Empire of JapanImperial Rule Assistance AssociationShōwa statism19401945Asia
Philippine Executive CommissionAssociation for Service to the New PhilippinesFilipino nationalism,National conservatism,Fascism,Japanophilia,collaborationism8 December 194214 October 1943310 daysAsia
KampucheaCommunist Party of KampucheaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,Agrarianism,Autarky,Khmer nationalism,Ultranationalism17 April 19757 January 19792 years, 265 days
 KenyaKenya African National UnionKenyannationalism,Conservatism1969 (de facto)
1982 (de jure)		1991Africa
Independent State of CroatiaUstaša – Croatian Revolutionary MovementCroatian irredentism,Croatianultranationalism,National conservatism,Social conservatism,Clerical fascism,Fascist corporatism,Political Catholicism,Anti-communism10 April 19418 May 19454 years, 28 daysEurope
LatviaCommunist Party of LatviaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism17 December 191813 January 19201 year, 27 daysEurope
LatviaCommunist Party of LatviaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism21 July 19405 August 1940Europe
LiberiaLiberiaTrue Whig PartyBlack conservatism,Centralization,Protectionism,Whiggism (until 1940s)1878April 1980Africa
LibyaLibyaArab Socialist UnionArab nationalism,Arab socialism,Pan-Arabism,Nasserism19711977Africa
Lithuania–ByelorussiaCommunist Party of Lithuania and BelorussiaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism17 February 191917 July 1919Europe
LithuaniaLithuaniaLithuanian Nationalist UnionLithuanian nationalism,National conservatism,Social conservatism,Fascist corporatism,Anti-communism1926[46]194014 yearsEurope
LithuaniaCommunist Party of LithuaniaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism21 July 19403 August 1940Europe
MadagascarDemocratic Republic of MadagascarNational Front for the Defense of the RevolutionLeft-wing nationalism,Scientific socialism19761989Africa
 MalawiMalawi Congress PartyUbuntu,Conservatism,African nationalism, Anti-colonialism19641993Africa
 MaliSudanese Union – African Democratic RallyAfrican nationalism,Pan-Africanism,African socialism19601968Africa
 MaliDemocratic Union of the Malian PeopleAfrican socialism,Democratic centralism19761991Africa
ManchukuoConcordia AssociationFascism,Monarchism,Manchurian nationalism,Pan-Asianism,Anti-communism,Personalism,collaborationism1 April 1932[47]1 May 1945[47]Asia
 MauritaniaMauritanian People's PartyNationalism,Centralism,Islamic socialism19611978Africa
 MexicoInstitutional Revolutionary PartyRevolutionary nationalism,Big tent4 March 19292 July 200071 years, 120 daysNorth America
MongoliaMongolian People's Revolutionary PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism192129 July 1990Asia
MozambiqueFRELIMOMarxism–Leninism25 June 19751 December 199015 years, 159 daysAfrica
 NigerNigerien Progressive Party – African Democratic RallyAfrican nationalism,Pan-Africanism19601974Africa
 NigerNational Movement for the Development of SocietyConservatism19891991Africa
 Vietnam (partially)Workers' Party of North Vietnam (League for the Independence of Vietnam)Communism,Marxism–Leninism,Ho Chi Minh Thought2 September 19451946[citation needed]Asia
 North VietnamWorkers' Party of North Vietnam (Vietnamese Fatherland Front)Communism,Marxism–Leninism,Ho Chi Minh Thought19552 July 1976Asia
 North YemenGeneral People's CongressYemeninationalism,Arab nationalism,Pan-Arabism,Big tent19821988Asia
NorwayNational GovernmentNational RallyFascism,Nazism,Fascist corporatism,Anti-communism,Collaborationism25 September 19408 May 19454 years, 225 daysEurope
 Ottoman EmpireUnion and Progress Party[48]İttihadism11 June 19131918Asia/Europe
ParaguayParaguayColorado PartyConservatism,national conservatism19471962South America
PersiaCommunist Party of PersiaCommunism,Marxism–Leninism19201921Asia
Republic of the PhilippinesAssociation for Service to the New PhilippinesFilipino nationalism,National conservatism,Fascism,Japanophilia,collaborationism14 October 194317 August 1945Asia
PolandPolish United Workers' Party (Front of National Unity)Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism5 February 1947July 1982Europe
PolandPolish United Workers' Party (Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth)Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialismJuly 198224 August 1989Europe
PortugalPortugalNational UnionSalazarism,corporatism,Integralismo Lusitano30 July 1930[49]8 October 1945[49]Europe
PortugalPortugalNational UnionSalazarism,corporatism,Integralismo Lusitano31 January 1948[50]September 1969[note 3]Europe
PortugalPortugalPeople's National Action (formerly National Union)Corporatism,Integralismo Lusitano197025 April 1974Europe
RomaniaRomaniaNational Renaissance FrontBig tent,Romanian nationalism,Monarchism16 December 19386 September 1940Europe
RomaniaNational Legionary StateIron GuardLegionarism,clerical fascism,Christian nationalism6 September 194023 January 1941Europe
RomaniaRomanian Communist Party (People's Democratic Front)Communism,Marxism–Leninism5 February 19481968Europe
RomaniaRomanian Communist Party (Front of Socialist Unity)Communism,Marxism–Leninism,National Communism19681980Europe
RomaniaRomanian Communist Party (Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy)Communism,Marxism–Leninism,National Communism198029 December 1989Europe
 RwandaParmehutuHutu Power19651973Africa
 RwandaNational Revolutionary Movement for DevelopmentHutu Power,Ultranationalism,Social conservatism,Anti-communism19781991Africa
San MarinoSan MarinoSammarinese Fascist PartyItalian fascism,Corporatism19261943Europe
 San MarinoRepublican Fascist Party of San MarinoItalian fascism19431944Europe
 SenegalSocialist Party of SenegalAfrican nationalism,African socialism19661974Africa
 SeychellesSeychelles People's Progressive FrontCommunism,Marxism-Leninism19791991Africa
 Sierra LeoneAll People's CongressAfrican nationalism,Democratic socialism19781991Africa
Slovak RepublicHlinka's Slovak People's Party – Party of Slovak National UnityClerical fascism,Slovak nationalism14 March 19398 May 1945Europe
SomaliaSomaliaSomali Revolutionary Socialist PartyIslamic socialism,Marxism–Leninism,Pan-Somalism

Scientific socialism,Somali nationalism

July 197626 January 1991Africa
 People's Republic of Southern YemenNational Liberation Front,

Yemeni Socialist Party

Arab nationalism,Arab socialism30 November 196731 October 1978Asia
 People's Democratic Republic of YemenYemeni Socialist PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism31 October 197822 May 1990Asia
Democratic Republic of YemenYemeni Socialist PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism21 May 19947 July 1994Asia
EstoniaRussian Communist Party (Central Committee of the Estonian Sections)Communism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism29 November 19185 June 1919188 daysEurope
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist RepublicRussian Communist PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism8 March 1918[51]30 December 19224 years, 297 daysEurope/Asia
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist RepublicRussian Social Democratic Labour PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism19 January 19188 March 1918[51]48 daysEurope/Asia
Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsRussian Communist PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism30 December 192231 December 1925[51]3 years, 1 dayEurope/Asia
Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsAll-Union Communist PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism,Stalinism31 December 1925[51]13 October 1952[51]26 years, 287 daysEurope/Asia
Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsCommunist Party of the Soviet UnionCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism13 October 1952[51]9 October 1990[52]37 years, 361 daysEurope/Asia
Kingdom of SpainPatriotic UnionSpanish nationalism,Political Catholicism,Monarchism,Conservatism19241930Europe
Spanish StateFET y de las JONSFrancoism,Falangism,Spanish nationalism,traditionalism,National Catholicism,anti-liberalism,corporatism1 April 19396 July 1976[53]Europe
SudanDemocratic Republic of the SudanSudanese Socialist UnionArab nationalism,Arab socialism,Anti-communism19711985Africa
 SudanNational Congress PartyIslamism,Arab nationalism,Salafism,Social conservatism19892005Africa
Syrian RepublicArab Liberation MovementPan-Arabism,Modernization,Pro-Western19531954Asia
Syrian Arab RepublicArab Socialist Ba'ath Party (National Progressive Front)Neo-Ba'athism8 March 196327 February 2012[54][55]
8 December 2024 (de-facto)[note 4][56]		Asia
 São Tomé and PríncipeMovement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism19751990Africa
 TanganyikaTanganyika African National UnionAfrican nationalism,African socialism,Ujamaa19611977Africa
 TanzaniaChama Cha MapinduziUjamaa,African socialism19771992Africa
 TogoParty of Togolese UnityAfrican nationalism19621963Africa
 TogoRally of the Togolese PeopleAfrican nationalism,Right-wing populism19691991Africa
 TunisiaNeo DestourTunisian nationalism,Bourguibism,Arab nationalism,secularism19631964Africa
 TunisiaSocialist Destourian PartyTunisian nationalism,Secularism,Bourguibism19641981Africa
 Turkey (one-party period)Republican People's PartyKemalism19231945Asia/Europe
 TurkmenistanDemocratic Party of TurkmenistanTurkmennationalism,Secularism,Social conservatism,Catch-all party19922008Asia
TuvaTuvan People's Revolutionary PartyCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism14 August 192111 October 1944Asia
 UgandaUganda People's CongressSocial democracy,African nationalism,Pan-Africanism19691971Africa
UkraineCommunist Party of UkraineCommunism,Marxism–Leninism,democratic centralism,state socialism10 March 191930 December 1922Europe
 United Arab RepublicNational UnionArab nationalism,Arab socialism,Pan-Arabism19581961Africa
Republic of Upper VoltaUpper VoltaVoltaic Democratic Union-African Democratic RallyAfrican nationalism,Pan-Africanism19601966Africa
YugoslaviaYugoslav Radical Peasants' DemocracyRoyalism,Yugoslav nationalism,Agrarianism,Centralism,Anti-liberalism19291931Europe
YugoslaviaLeague of Communists of Yugoslavia (Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia)Marxism–Leninism,Titoism,Yugoslavism29 November 194522 January 1990Europe
ZaireZairePopular Movement of the RevolutionMobutism,Zairean nationalism,Authenticité19701990Africa
 ZambiaUnited National Independence PartyAfrican socialism,African nationalism19721990Africa
 ZanzibarAfro-Shirazi PartyAfrican nationalism,Marxism–Leninism19641977Africa

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Previously known as theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam from 2 September 1945 to 25 April 1976.[19]Reunified with theRepublic of South Vietnam on 2 July 1976.[20][21]
  2. ^TheRepublic of China controlled themainland from 1912 to 1949 and the island of Taiwan since 1945, in which the ROC currently administersthe Free area. This government served China in theUnited Nations from 1945 to 1971. SeePolitical status of Taiwan and theOne-China policy for various viewpoints.
  3. ^Following the appointment ofMarcelo Caetano as Prime Minister in 1968, the opposition was allowed to run to the1969 Portuguese legislative election, before being banned.
  4. ^While the 2012 constitution introduced byBashar al-Assad theoretically enabled the establishment of political parties, Ba'athist Syria remained a de-facto one-party state with an extensivesecret police apparatus that curtails independent political activities.

References

[edit]
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