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Oesho

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Deity of the Kushan dynasty
Oesho
Three-faced Oesho on coin ofHuvishka, with traditional attributes: thunder (vajra), trident, club (Daṇḍa), vase.Bactrian legendΟηϸο[1]
Bactrian scriptΟΗϷΟ / Οηϸο
AffiliationShiva,Vayu
ConsortOmmo ("ΟΜΜΟ",Umā)

Oesho (Bactrian:Οηϸο) is a deity found on coins of 2nd to 6th-century, particularly the 2nd-centuryKushan era. He was apparently one of the titular deities of the Kushan dynasty. Oesho is an early Kushan deity that is regarded as an amalgamation ofShiva.[2]

By the time of the Kushan emperorOoishki (Bactrian Οοηϸκι; often Romanised as Huvishka), who reigned in 140–180 CE, Oesho and the female deityArdoksho (Ardoxsho;Ardochsho;Ardokhsho) were the only deities appearing on Kushan coins.

Connections

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Connections to several contemporaneous deities worshipped by neighbouring cultures have been suggested.

  • During the Kushan era, Oesho was often linked to the Hindu concept ofIshvara, which was embodied by the godShiva;[3] Oesho may share the same etymology as Ishvara and/or represent a variant of the word in theBactrian language spoken by the Kushans.[4][5]
  • Similarities have retrospectively been identified with the AvestanVayu.[6][7]
  • Some later representations, evidently influenced byGreco-Bactrian culture, depict Oesho with atrishula, the traditional implement of Shiva, similar to atrident that is part ofPoseidon's iconography.[8]

Consort

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The consort of Oesho wasOmmo ("ΟΜΜΟ",Umā), as shown on a coin type ofKushan rulerHuvishka with, on the reverse, the divine coupleOmmo ("ΟΜΜΟ", Umā) holding a flower, andOesho ("ΟΗϷΟ",Shiva) with four arms holding attributes.[9][10]

Depictions of Oesho

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  • Coin of Huvishka with deity Oesho ("ΟΗϷΟ", Shiva).[11]
    Coin of Huvishka with deityOesho ("ΟΗϷΟ",Shiva).[11]
  • Coinage of Kushan ruler Huvishka with, on the reverse, the divine couple Ommo ("ΟΜΜΟ", Umā) holding a flower, and Oesho ("ΟΗϷΟ", Shiva) with four arms holding attributes. Circa 150-180 CE.[12][13]
    Coinage ofKushan rulerHuvishka with, on the reverse, the divine coupleOmmo ("ΟΜΜΟ", Umā) holding a flower, andOesho ("ΟΗϷΟ",Shiva) with four arms holding attributes. Circa 150-180 CE.[12][13]
  • Oesho, with a second human face, and the head of a horned animal, on a coin of Vasudeva I
    Oesho, with a second human face, and the head of a horned animal, on a coin ofVasudeva I
  • Coin of the Kushan king Kanishka II with, on the reverse, a depiction of Oesho and the word "Oesho" in modified Greek script.
    Coin of theKushan kingKanishka II with, on the reverse, a depiction of Oesho and the word "Oesho" in modified Greek script.
  • Kushan worshipper with Oesho, Bactria, 3rd century CE.[14]
    Kushan worshipper with Oesho, Bactria, 3rd century CE.[14]

Notes

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  1. ^Rosenfield, John M. (1967).The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans. University of California Press. p. 93.
  2. ^Carter, Martha L. (1994).A Treasury of Indian Coins. Marg Publications.ISBN 978-81-85026-25-1.
  3. ^Sivaramamurti, p. 56-59.
  4. ^The Dynasty Arts of the Kushans. University of California Press. 1967. pp. 92–93.
  5. ^Blurton, T. Richard (1993).Hindu Art. Harvard University Press. p. 84.ISBN 0-674-39189-6.
  6. ^Sims-Williams, Nicolas. "Bactrian Language".Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. 3. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  7. ^H. Humbach, 1975, p.402-408. K.Tanabe, 1997, p.277, M.Carter, 1995, p.152. J.Cribb, 1997, p.40. References cited in "De l'Indus à l'Oxus".
  8. ^"Coins of Vima Kadphises". Archived fromthe original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved2010-12-05.
  9. ^Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999).History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326.ISBN 978-81-208-1408-0.
  10. ^"Ommo-Oesho coin of Huvishka British Museum".The British Museum.
  11. ^Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999).History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326.ISBN 978-81-208-1408-0.
  12. ^Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999).History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326.ISBN 978-81-208-1408-0.
  13. ^"Ommo-Oesho coin of Huvishka British Museum".The British Museum.
  14. ^Metropolitan Museum of Art exhibition

References

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