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1904

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(Redirected fromOctober 1904)

Calendar year

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2nd millennium
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19th century 20th century 21st century
Decades
1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s
Years
1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907
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1904 by topic
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Animation Archaeology Architecture Art Aviation Awards Comics Film Literature Poetry Meteorology Music Jazz Rail transport Radio Science Sports Football Television
By country
Afghanistan Australia Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Denmark France Germany India Ireland Italy Japan New Zealand Norway Ottoman Syria Philippines Portugal Russia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States
Lists of leaders
Sovereign states Sovereign state leaders Territorial governors Religious leaders Law
Birth and death categories
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Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments Disestablishments
Works category
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1904 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar	1904 MCMIV
Ab urbe condita	2657
Armenian calendar	1353 ԹՎ ՌՅԾԳ
Assyrian calendar	6654
Baháʼí calendar	60–61
Balinese saka calendar	1825–1826
Bengali calendar	1310–1311
Berber calendar	2854
British Regnal year	3 Edw. 7 – 4 Edw. 7
Buddhist calendar	2448
Burmese calendar	1266
Byzantine calendar	7412–7413
Chinese calendar	癸卯年 (Water Rabbit) 4601 or 4394 — to — 甲辰年 (Wood Dragon) 4602 or 4395
Coptic calendar	1620–1621
Discordian calendar	3070
Ethiopian calendar	1896–1897
Hebrew calendar	5664–5665
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1960–1961
-Shaka Samvat	1825–1826
-Kali Yuga	5004–5005
Holocene calendar	11904
Igbo calendar	904–905
Iranian calendar	1282–1283
Islamic calendar	1321–1322
Japanese calendar	Meiji 37 (明治３７年)
Javanese calendar	1833–1834
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4237
Minguo calendar	8 beforeROC 民前8年
Nanakshahi calendar	436
Thai solar calendar	2446–2447
Tibetan calendar	阴水兔年 (female Water-Rabbit) 2030 or 1649 or 877 — to — 阳木龙年 (male Wood-Dragon) 2031 or 1650 or 878

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1904 (MCMIV) was aleap year starting on Friday of theGregorian calendar and aleap year starting on Thursday of theJulian calendar, the 1904th year of theCommon Era (CE) andAnno Domini (AD) designations, the 904th year of the2nd millennium, the 4th year of the20th century, and the 5th year of the1900s decade. As of the start of 1904, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Calendar year

Events

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January

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Main article:January 1904

January 7 – Thedistress signalCQD is established,^[1] only to be replaced 2 years later bySOS.^[2]
January 8 – TheBlackstone Library is dedicated, marking the beginning of theChicago Public Library system.^[3]
January 12 – TheHerero Wars inGerman South West Africa begin.^[4]
January 17 –Anton Chekhov's last play,The Cherry Orchard («Вишнëвый сад»,Vishnevyi sad), opens at theMoscow Art Theatre directed byConstantin Stanislavski, 6 month's before the author's death.
January 23 – TheÅlesund fire destroys most buildings in the town ofÅlesund, Norway, leaving about 10,000 people without shelter.^[5]^[6]
January 25 –Halford Mackinder presents a paper on "The Geographical Pivot of History" to theRoyal Geographical Society of London in which he formulates theHeartland Theory, originating the study ofgeopolitics.^[7]

February

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Main article:February 1904

February 7: Aftermath of theGreat Baltimore Fire.

February 7 – TheGreat Baltimore Fire inBaltimore, Maryland, destroys over 1,500 buildings in 31 hours.^[8]

February 8–9 –Battle of Port Arthur: A surprise Japanese naval attack onPort Arthur (Lüshun) inManchuria starts theRusso-Japanese War.^[9]^[10]
February 10 –Roger Casement publishes his account of Belgian atrocities in theCongo.
February 17 –Puccini's operaMadama Butterfly, with a background theme ofJapan–United States relations, debuts atLa Scala inMilan, to no great acclaim. OnMay 28 a revised version opens inBrescia, to huge success.^[11]
February 23 – For $10 million, the United States gains control of thePanama Canal Zone.^[12]
February 26 – TheWisconsin State Capitol, inMadison, Wisconsin, is almost entirely destroyed by fire after a gas jet ignites the newly varnished ceiling.^[13]

March

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Main article:March 1904

March 3 – KaiserWilhelm II of Germany becomes the first person to make a recording of a political document, usingThomas Edison'scylinder.
March 4 –Russo-Japanese War:Russian troops in Korea retreat towardManchuria, followed by 100,000Japanese troops.^[14]^[15]
March 6 –Scottish National Antarctic Expedition: Led byWilliam Speirs Bruce, theAntarctic region ofCoats Land is discovered from theScotia.^[16]
March 26 – 20,000 demonstrators gather inHyde Park, London, to protest against the importation ofChinese labourers to South African gold mines.^[17]
March 31 –British expedition to Tibet: The Battle of Guru – British troops under ColonelFrancis Younghusband defeat ill-equippedTibetan troops.^[18]^[19]^[20]

April

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Main article:April 1904

April 4 –1904 Kresna earthquakes: two earthquakes strike near Kresna, Bulgaria, killing at least 200 people.^[21]
April 6 –Joseph F. Smith announces theSecond Manifesto inGeneral Conference ofthe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints inUtah Territory, prohibiting the practice ofpolygamy, which has continued to be sanctioned by some of its leaders in violation of the1890 Manifesto officially banning the practice.^[22]
April 8
- TheEntente Cordiale is signed between the UK and France.^[23]^[24]
- Longacre Square inMidtown Manhattan is renamedTimes Square, afterThe New York Times.^[25]
April 8–10 –Aleister Crowley writesLiber Al vel Legis, better known asThe Book of the Law, a text central toThelema, in Cairo.^[26]
April 19 – TheGreat Fire of Toronto destroys much of the city's downtown, but there are no fatalities.^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30]
April 27 – TheAustralian Labor Party becomes the first such party to gain national government, underChris Watson.^[31]^[32]
April 30 – TheLouisiana Purchase Exposition World's Fair opens inSt. Louis, Missouri (closesDecember 1).^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]

May

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Main article:May 1904

May 4
- United States Army engineers begin work on thePanama Canal.^[38]
- Charles Rolls andHenry Royce meet for the first time, inManchester (England), to agree production ofRolls-Royce motor cars; the first produced under their joint names in Manchester are launched in December.^[39]
- German Association football clubFC Schalke 04 is established.^[40]
May 5
- British expedition to Tibet: Hundreds of Tibetans attack the British camp at Changlo, and hold the advantage for a while, before being defeated by superior weapons, and losing at least 200 men.^[41]
- Pitching against thePhiladelphia Athletics,Cy Young of theBoston Americans throws the firstperfect game in the modern era ofbaseball.^[42]
May 9 –Great Western Railway of England3700 Class 3440City of Truro possibly becomes the first railwaylocomotive to exceed 100 miles per hour (160 km/h).^[43]
May 15 –Russo-Japanese War:Russian minelayerAmur lays aminefield about 15 miles (24 km) offPort Arthur, and sinksJapan's battleshipsHatsuse, 15,000 tons with 496 crew, andYashima. On the same day, the Japaneseprotected cruiserYoshino sinks after being accidentally rammed by thearmored cruiserKasuga, killing over 270 crew, including Captain Sayegi and his second-in-command, Commander Hirowateri.^[44] Japan will keep the loss ofYashima secret for over a year.^[45]
May 21 – The International Federation of Association Football,FIFA, is established.^[46]
May 30 –Alpha Gamma Delta, which becomes an international sorority, is founded by 11 women atSyracuse University.^[47]

June

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Main article:June 1904

June 3 – TheInternational Alliance of Women is founded.^[48]
June 15 – A fire aboard the steamboatGeneral Slocum in New York City's East River kills 1,021.^[49]
June 16
- Finnish nationalistEugen Schauman assassinates Nikolay Bobrikov, the RussianGovernor-General of Finland, in Helsinki.^[50]
- The original "Bloomsday", the dayJames Joyce first walks out with his future wifeNora Barnacle (whom he first met on June 10), to theDublin suburb ofRingsend. He sets the action of his novelUlysses (1922) on this date.^[51]
June 28
- Danish ocean linerSS Norge runs aground and sinks close toRockall, killing approximately 627 people, many of whom are Russian-Polish and Scandinavian emigrants.^[52]^[53]
- The original icon ofOur Lady of Kazan is stolen and subsequently destroyed in Russia.^[54]
- English Association football clubHull City A.F.C. is established.
June 29 – The1904 Moscow tornado occurs.^[55]

July

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Main article:July 1904

July –Pavlos Melas entersMacedonia with a small unit of men during theMacedonian Struggle.
July 1 – Thethird Modern Olympic Games open inSt. Louis, Missouri, United States, as part of theWorld's Fair.^[56]
July 22 – The first 2,000 of 62,000 contractedChinese coolies arrive atDurban in South Africa fromQinhuangdao to relieve the shortage of unskilled labourers in theTransvaal Colony gold mines, recruited and shipped by the Chinese Engineering and Mining Corporation (CEMC), of whichHerbert Hoover is a director.^[57]
July 23 – Acontinuous track tractor ispatented byDavid Roberts ofRichard Hornsby & Sons ofGrantham in England.^[58]

August

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Main article:August 1904

August 3 –British expedition to Tibet: TheBritish expedition under ColonelFrancis Younghusband takesLhasa,Tibet.^[59]^[60]
August 11 –Battle of Waterberg:Lothar von Trotha defeats theHerero people inGerman South West Africa, and drives them into theOmaheke desert, starting theHerero and Namaqua genocide.^[61]^[62]^[63]
August 14 –Ismael Montes becomesPresident of Bolivia.^[64]
August 17 –Russo-Japanese War: A Japanese infantry charge fails to takePort Arthur.
August 18 –Chris Watson resigns as the first LaborPrime Minister of Australia and is succeeded byGeorge Reid (Free Trade Party).^[65]^[66]
August 24 – Faroese Association football clubKlaksvíkar Ítróttarfelag is established.^[67]
Summer –Henri Matisse paintsLuxe, Calme et Volupté atSaint-Tropez; it will be considered the starting point ofFauvism.^[68]

September

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Main article:September 1904

September –Stuyvesant High School opens in New York City as Manhattan's first manual trade school for boys.
September 1 –Griffin Park football ground, home ofBrentford F.C., opens in London.
September 2 –John Voss sails the riggeddugout canoeTilikum into theRiver Thames in England after a 3-year voyage fromVictoria, British Columbia, westabout.
September 7 –British expedition to Tibet: TheDalai Lama signs the Anglo-Tibetan Treaty with ColonelFrancis Younghusband.
September 17 – An early study on the relationship betweenalcohol and cardiovascular disease is published in the United States.^[69]
September 26 – New Zealanddolphin Pelorus Jack is individually protected byOrder in Council under the Sea Fisheries Act.^[70]

October

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October – The Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls, predecessor ofBethune–Cookman University, is opened in Florida byMary McLeod Bethune.
October 1 –Phi Delta Epsilon, the international medical fraternity, is founded by Aaron Brown and 8 of his friends, atCornell University Medical College.
October 4 –Swedish Association football clubIFK Göteborg is founded, becoming the 39thIFK-association.^[71]
October 5 –Alpha Kappa Psi, a co-ed professionalbusiness fraternity, is founded on the campus ofNew York University.
October 9 – German journalistAnna Rüling, in a speech to theScientific-Humanitarian Committee in Berlin, makes thefirst known public statement of the socio-legal problems faced bylesbians.
October 11 –Loftus Road football stadium opens in London.
October 13 –Pavlos Melas is encircled atStatista and killed during theMacedonian Struggle.
October 15 –Theta Tau, aprofessional engineering fraternity, is founded at theUniversity of Minnesota inMinneapolis.
October 18 – In Germany:
- TheKaiser-Friedrich-Museum opens inBerlin for the display of fine art.
- Gustav Mahler'sSymphony No. 5 is premiered by theGürzenich Orchestra Cologne.
October 19 –Polytechnic University of the Philippines is founded as Manila Business School, through the superintendence of American C. A. O'Reilley.
October 21 –Russo-Japanese War:Dogger Bank incident – The RussianBaltic Fleet fires on British trawlers it mistakes for Japanese torpedo boats, in theNorth Sea.
October 27 – The first underground line of theNew York City Subway opens.
October 28 –Panama andUruguay establishdiplomatic relations.
Late October – The first members of what will become theBloomsbury Group move to theBloomsbury district of London; they will be joined about November 8 by the future novelistVirginia Woolf.^[72]

November

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November 8 –1904 United States presidential election: Republican incumbentTheodore Roosevelt defeats DemocratAlton B. Parker.
November 16
- The settlement atGrytviken, on the British South Atlantic island territory ofSouth Georgia, is established by Norwegian sea captainCarl Anton Larsen, as awhaling station for hisCompañía Argentina de Pesca.^[73]
- English engineerJohn Ambrose Fleming patents the firstthermionic vacuum tube, the two-electrodediode ("oscillation valve" orFleming valve).^[74]
November 24 – Acontinuous track tractor is successfully demonstrated by theHolt Manufacturing Company in the United States. The "caterpillar track" will come to revolutionize construction vehicles and land warfare.

December

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December 2 – TheSt. Petersburg Soviet urges arun on the banks; the attempt fails, and the executive committee is arrested.
December 3 –Charles Dillon Perrine discoversJupiter's largestirregular satellite, later calledHimalia, at California'sLick Observatory.
December 4 – The K.U. orKonservativ Ungdom (Young Conservatives) is founded by Carl F. Herman von Rosen in Denmark.
December 6 –Theodore Roosevelt announces his"Corollary" to theMonroe Doctrine, stating that the United States will intervene in the Western Hemisphere should Latin American governments prove incapable or unstable.
December 10 – ThePi Kappa Phi fraternity is founded at theCollege of Charleston in Charleston, South Carolina.
December 27
- The stage playPeter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up premieres in London.
- TheAbbey Theatre inDublin opens.
December 30 – TheEast Boston Tunnel opens, forstreetcars.
December 31 – In New York City, the firstNew Year's Eve celebration is held inTimes Square.

Date unknown

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Globalcosmetics companies are founded inParis (France):Coty, byFrançois Coty,^[75] andGarnier, by Alfred Amour Garnier.^[76]
Canada Dry Ginger Ale is created by John J. McLaughlin.