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| Luchazi | |
|---|---|
| Ngangela | |
| Chiluchazi | |
| Native to | Angola,Zambia |
Native speakers | 431,000 (2010-2014)[1] |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | Angola (as "Nganguela" or "Ganguela") |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | lch – inclusive codeIndividual codes: lch – Luchazinba – Nyemba (Ngangela)mfu – Mbwela |
| Glottolog | luch1239 Luchazinyem1238 Nyembambwe1238 Mbwela |
K.13, K.12b, K.17[2] | |
Luchazi (Lucazi,Chiluchazi) is aBantu language ofAngola andZambia. Luchazi is the principal language of theNgangela Group.[3] Ngangela is a term coined by the Vimbundu traders and missionaries in 18th century to describe the tribes occupying the area of eastern-central Angola.[4]
The following table displays all the consonants in Luchazi:[5]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | ttʲ1 | t͡ʃ | k | |
| prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮd͡ʒ | ᵑɡ | ||
| prenasalizedasp. | ᵐpʰ | ⁿtʰ | ᵑkʰ | |||
| Affricate | t͡s | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ1 | h | |
| voiced | β | z | ||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||
The position of the speech-organs in producing the consonants is different from the positions taken in producing the similar sounds in European languages. T and D, for example, are lower than in English but higher than in Portuguese. L is flatter-tongued than in either English or Portuguese. The language contains many consonantal glides, including the prenasalized plosives and the voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate (the ts sound).[6]
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ɪiː | ʊuː | |
| Mid | ɛɛː | ɔɔː | |
| Open | aaː | ||
| Diphthongs | eɪ aɪ au ia ie io iu ua ue ui uo | ||
The close front vowel (i), when occurring before another vowel, becomes asemi-consonant and is written y, unless it is immediately preceded by a consonant, when it remains i. Examples: yange, viange.
The vowels have the Continental or Italian values. They are shorter when unstressed and are prolonged when doubled or when stressed at the end of a word.
Short when unstressed or before two consonants ory ors and in monosyllabic adverbs, asa intata, paya, asa, hanga. Prolonged when doubled or stressed at the end of a word or syllable. Example:ku laako.
Short when unstressed, asa inhete, seze.Short with the value ofe inhenga, lenda before two consonants. Exceptions are hembo and membo (due to coalescence of vowels). Many words derived from Portuguese have the short vowel though not followed by two consonants. Examples:pena, papelo, luneta, ngehena, etc. Prolonged when stressed at the end of a word.
Short when unstressed or before two consonants, ase inciti, linga. In monosyllabics it is short, asi init. Examples: ni, ndi. Prolonged when stressed. Examples: ti, fui.
Short when unstressed, aso insoko, loto.Short, with value ofo inonga, yoya, kosa, luozi, ndo, before two consonants or y or s, and sometimes before z and in some monosyllables. The o is long inzoza andngozi. Sometimes prolonged when stressed at the end of a word. Example:to.
Short, when unstressed or before two consonants or before s, asu infutuka, mbunga, kusa.
Luchazi is written using theLatin alphabet, with most characters representing the same sound as in English, with some exceptions. c is pronounced likech inchurch, n followed by k or g is always nasal likeng inring, the sound of v is bilabial instead of labiodental.[3]
D, G, J, R, and Sh only exist in loanwords.[9]
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