 Front page of theNew York Evening Express, Saturday, December 31, 1870 | |
| Type | Dailynewspaper |
|---|---|
| Editor | James Brooks (from 1836 to 1873) |
| Founded | June 20, 1836 (as theNew York Express) |
| Ceased publication | December 1881 |
| Headquarters | New York City, NY, U.S. |
The New York Evening Express (1836–1881) was a 19th-century American newspaper published inNew York City.
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TheExpress began publication on June 20, 1836, as theNew York Express, aWhig publication under the direction ofJames Brooks, formerly an editor of thePortland Advertiser inMaine, with the assistance of Brooks' younger brotherErastus Brooks (originally as their Washington correspondent). Robert E. Hudson served at its initial commercial editor.[1] It was merged withHudson's Prices Current and Shipping List upon its creation, and on November 1, 1836, merged with theDaily Advertiser founded in 1817 byTheodore Dwight, and thus referred to as theNew York Daily Express.[2][3] William B. Townsend of theAdvertiser became a part owner of theExpress with James Brooks.[4]
When the Whig Party declined, theExpress supported theKnow Nothing movement, and then theConstitutional Union Party, followed by theDemocrats.[2][5]
James Brooks remained editor-in-chief of the paper until his death in 1873,[6] and in June 1877 Erastus gave over control to a group led byJohn Kelly (a boss ofTammany Hall) andAugustus Schell, though he still made contributions to the paper. In late 1881Cyrus West Field acquired theExpress (which had a coveted New York Associated Press membership) and merged it into theNew York Evening Mail, creating theNew York Evening Mail and Daily Express.[7] TheEvening Mail survived until 1924 (it dropped the "Express" part of its name completely by 1904).
Historian Richard Schwarzlose has referred to theEvening Express as "never an outstanding newspaper" (1990).[7] This agrees withFrederic Hudson's colorful observations about the paper inJournalism in the United States (1873), though Hudson was also managing editor of the rivalNew York Herald from 1846 to 1866. Hudson remarked that theExpress was "remarkable for its politics, its numerous editions, and its strangers' lists" (list of daily arrivals at local hotels). The "Strangers' List" was popular with merchants looking for customers, which ledHerald editorJames Gordon Bennett, Sr. to once call the paper theDrummer's Gazette.[8]
Hudson also remarked that theExpress had "a character of its own. ... Its editorials seem hurriedly written, and have a sort of homely vigor about them. Every thing about the paper looks as if it had been thrown together with great haste. .... It will take news wherever and whenever it can get it, but it has little or no individual enterprise outside of the Associated Press." Hudson remarked that its readership "is largely confined to the numerous railway cars and steam-boats running to and from and within the limits of the city, where a numerous class engaged in business in the metropolis do all their reading," and had "outlived a number of evening papers."[2]
TheNew York Times 1886 obituary of Erastus Brooks described the paper as "prosperous" from 1860 to 1870, and though "its make-up was typographically an abomination" it "always had the news, and in the days before railroads and telegraphs were known it earned the reputation of getting all the news possible, and as early as possible."[8]
One anecdote shared in the younger Brooks' obituary is that in order to get the news printed quickly after an election in the early 1840s, the younger Brooks set up a printing office in a steamboat returning fromAlbany to New York with the election returns, so that upon arriving in New York they were ready to go to press with the results before the rival papers.
In January 1847, theExpress accepted the offer ofEzra Cornell to use his newtelegraph line from Albany to New York to get legislative news, and was able to publish a new message from the governor in advance of thepony express line used by theHerald.[8][9] Beaten badly to press, it is said that theHerald then abandoned its opposition to the telegraph.[10][11][12]
The political bent of theExpress followed the opinions of the Brooks brothers. James Brooks served as a Whig in the U.S. Congress from 1849 to 1853, and as a Democrat from 1863 to 1866 and from 1867 until his death. After Brooks declared in Congress in February 1864 that the Democratic Party should stop defending slavery, theExpress also moved in that direction.[13]
TheExpress originally had both morning and evening editions. The morning edition probably inserted the word "morning" into its title around 1843, disappeared by about 1864.[2][14] The edition under the "evening" name probably commenced in 1839, and became the edition by which the paper is best known. For many years a "Semi-Weekly" edition was also published. By the end of its run, the paper was publishing four editions of the "Evening" every day, at 12:30, 1:30, 2:30, and 3:30 p.m., as well as aWeekly Express edition (which it advertised also included sermons fromThomas De Witt Talmage).[15]
TheExpress had a number of headquarters during its existence. It started in 1836 in an office onWall Street, and after a fire moved to the corner ofCentre Street and City Hall place. It later moved to the National Hotel building at 112Broadway (later occupied byDelmonico's restaurant), and then to Wall andNassau Street,[8] and moved to its final location around 1873 to a building constructed for the paper at 23Park Row.[3]
