There are currently 64 national parks inRussia. They cover a total of approximately 155,672 square kilometers (60,105 sq mi).
Until the 1960s only nature reserves (zapovedniks) andzakazniks existed in the Soviet Union, so international experience in creating a form of protected areas intended for tourists to relax and teach them to take care of nature was very important. In 1961, Soviet geographers, headed byInnokenti Gerasimov, director of the Institute of Geography, USSR Academy of Sciences, visited the United States. This trip was an introduction to the USA experience in environmental protection and Soviet scientists visited theYellowstone National Park and theGreat Smoky Mountains National Park.
After the trip, Innokenti Gerasimov returned to the idea of creating nature parks in the USSR. In 1965 he proposed the creation of a Baikal nature park. A similar natural park was also designed in the Lake Seliger area on the Valdai Hills. In 1966, the newspaperKomsomolskaya Pravda published an article by Innokenti Gerasimov and Vladimir Preobrazhensky, which discussed the need to create a system of natural parks in the USSR. Natural parks were not just thought of as places for tourists to relax, but also as places to protect animals and plants in areas that park tourists would not be allowed to visit without a guide.[1]
The oldest parks in Russia areSochinsky andLosiny Ostrov (1983);Samarskaya Luka (1984);Mariy Chodra (1985);Bashkiriya,Prielbrusye,Pribaykalsky, andZabaykalsky (1986).[2]
According to the law on theprotected areas of Russia, national parks are areas of land and water devoted to nature protection, ecological education, and scientific research. They contain sites of particular ecological, historical and aesthetic value. Regulated tourism is permitted.[3][4]The area of each park is divided into zones according to various functions. There should be a strictly protected area managed as azapovednik, and also recreational and buffer zones in which economic activity is allowed, such as tourism, traditional land use, and benign forms of agriculture and forestry. The strictly protected function is sometimes fulfilled by a neighbouring official zapovednik; for instance,Barguzin Zapovednik adjoins Zabaykalsky National Park on the east side ofLake Baikal.[4]In 2001Vodlozersky National Park receivedUNESCOBiosphere Reserve status, followed bySmolenskoye Poozerye andUgra National Park in 2002, and two others (Valdaysky andKenozersky) in 2004.
The national parks are currently the responsibility of theMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia).[4]
| Name | Photo | Location | Created | Park URL | Area | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaniya |  | 1998 | Ала́ния | 54,926 hectares (212.1 sq mi) | Alaniya lies on the north slope of the centralCaucasus Mountains. The park includes the 13 km longKaraugom Glacier, the deep forest valley of theUrukh River, and steppe grasslands. Archaeological ruins dot the park, from the Bronze AgeKoban culture to the medievalAlan people. The host Republic ofNorth Ossetia-Alania takes its name from the Alans.[5] | |
| Alkhanay |  | Zabaykalsky Krai50°50′N113°25′E / 50.833°N 113.417°E /50.833; 113.417 (Alkhanay) | 1999 | Алханай | 138,234 hectares (533.7 sq mi) | Sacred to the indigenousBuryat people, as well as modern Buddhists, Mt. Alkhanai is the central focus of the park. (TheDalai Lama has made two unofficial visits). The surroundings are a prime example of "Daurian forest steppe", in the transition zone between the Siberiantaiga to the north, and theMongolian steppe just to the south.[6] |
| Anyuysky |  | Khabarovsk Krai49°26′N136°33′E / 49.433°N 136.550°E /49.433; 136.550 (Anyuysky) | 1999 | Анюйский | 429,370 hectares (1,657.8 sq mi) | The park is important because it creates an ecological corridor - from the low floodplain habitat of theAmur River, up through the forestedAnyuy River basin, to the high levels of theSikhote-Alin mountain range in theRussian Far East. The local indigenous people are theNanai people, traditionally a fishing and hunting culture.[7] |
| Bashkiriya |  | Bashkortostan53°03′N56°32′E / 53.050°N 56.533°E /53.050; 56.533 (Bashkiriya) | 1986 | БашкирияArchived 2008-12-01 at theWayback Machine | 92,000 hectares (355.2 sq mi) | Bashkiriya covers a large contiguous forest and network of dissected river valleys on the southern end of theUral mountains. The park is a buffer between the industrialized flat lands to the west, and the mountainous and sparsely-populatedShulgan-Tash Nature Reserve and Allyn-Solok ("Golden Bee Tree") entomological reserve to the east.[8] |
| Beringia |  | Chukotka Autonomous Okrug64°22′N173°18′E / 64.367°N 173.300°E /64.367; 173.300 (Beringia) | 2013 | Берингия | 3,053,233 hectares (11,788.6 sq mi) | Until 11,000 BCE, theBeringia "land bridge" allowed humans to pass between Asia and North America. Russia's Beringia National Park is the western side of what is now theBering Strait, with the USBering Land Bridge National Preserve in Alaska on the eastern side.[9] |
| Bikin | .jpg) | Primorsky Krai46°40′N136°00′E / 46.667°N 136.000°E /46.667; 136.000 (Bikin) | 2015 | Бикин | 1,160,500 hectares (4,480.7 sq mi) | Created Nov. 3, 2015, Bikin National Park protects the largest remaining old-growth mixed forest in the Northern Hemisphere, as well as the territory of 10% of all Amur tigers in the wild. The park also protects the forest culture of the 600 indigenous inhabitants that remain in theBikin River basin, theUdeghes andNanai people.[10] |
| Buzuluksky Bor |  | Samara Oblast /Orenburg Oblast53°00′N52°7′E / 53.000°N 52.117°E /53.000; 52.117 (Buzuluksky) | 2007 | Бузулукский бор | 106,000 hectares (409.3 sq mi) | Buzuluksky Bor is the largest grove of isolated high pine trees in the world. Surrounded by a sea of steppes on theEastern Russian Plain between theVolga River (west) and the southernUral Mountains (to the east), the park is the sandy remains of what was once a river delta into theCaspian Sea. There is oil underneath Buzuluksky, adding pressure to the site.[11] |
| Chuvash Forest |  | Chuvashia54°45′N47°08′E / 54.750°N 47.133°E /54.750; 47.133 (Chavash Varmane Bor) | 1993 | Чаваш Вармане | 25,200 hectares (97.3 sq mi) | The Chuvash Forest is a large contiguous (unbroken) forest in the middle Volga River region. The park was created to serve the dual purpose of preserving biological diversity and the protection of a site representative of theChuvash people.[12] |
| Chikoy |  | Zabaykalsky Krai49°46′N110°18′E / 49.767°N 110.300°E /49.767; 110.300 (Chikoy) | 2014 | Чикой | 666,468 hectares (2,573.2 sq mi)) | The park is at the headwaters of theChikoy River, which flows west into theSelenga River andLake Baikal, 250 miles to the northwest. It is in the transition zone between the Siberian taiga to the north and Mongolian steppe to the south.[13] |
| Crimean |  | Crimea44°40′N34°21′E / 44.667°N 34.350°E /44.667; 34.350 (Crimean) | 2018 | Крымский | 34,563 hectares (133.4 sq mi)) | |
| Curonian Spit |  | Kaliningrad Oblast55°08′N20°48′E / 55.133°N 20.800°E /55.133; 20.800 (Kurshskaya Kosa) | 1987 | Куршская коса | 6,621 hectares (25.6 sq mi) | TheCuronian Spit is a 98 km long, thin, curved sand-dune spit that separates theCuronian Lagoon from theBaltic Sea coast. Its southern portion lies withinKaliningrad Oblast, Russia and its northern within southwesternLithuania. It is aUNESCO World Heritage Site shared by the two countries.[14] |
| Gydansky |  | Tyumen Oblast71°50′N78°12′E / 71.833°N 78.200°E /71.833; 78.200 (Gydansky) | 2019 | Гыданский | 878,174 hectares (3,390.6 sq mi) | |
| Kalevalsky |  | Republic of Karelia64°59′N30°13′E / 64.983°N 30.217°E /64.983; 30.217 (Kalevalsky) | 2007 | Калевальский | 74,400 hectares (287.3 sq mi) | The Kalevalsky pine forest covers one of the last, large old-growth boreal pine forest in Europe. It is situated on the border between Russia and Finland at about the midpoint from south to north. The park is located in the Republic of Karelia. The Kalevala, an epic poem of Finnish and Karelian oral folklore, was drawn from this region.[15] |
| Kenozersky | .jpg) | Arkhangelsk Oblast62°05′N38°12′E / 62.083°N 38.200°E /62.083; 38.200 (Kenozersky) | 1991 | Кенозерский | 139,663 hectares (539.2 sq mi) | The park has many cultural monuments, one being Porzhensky Pogost, which is St. George church with the bell-tower (both from the 18th century) surrounded by the wooden wall with gates and towers (1789). The park is on the divide between the Atlantic and Arctic basins. Since 2004, the National Park has the status of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.[16] It was added to the list ofWorld Heritage sites in 2024. |
| Khibiny |  | Murmansk Oblast67°43′N33°28′E / 67.717°N 33.467°E /67.717; 33.467 (Khibiny) | 2018 | Хибины | 84,804 hectares (327.4 sq mi) | |
| Khvalynsky |  | Saratov Oblast53°00′N52°7′E / 53.000°N 52.117°E /53.000; 52.117 (Khvalynky) | 1994 | Хвалынский | 25,524 hectares (98.5 sq mi) | Khvalynksy NP encompassesa raised plateau of chalk hills of the Volga Uplands, covered in mixed oak-linden and conifer forests, along the west side of the Volga River. It is about 1,000 km north of the Caspian Sea, in Saratov Oblast overlooking the Saratov Reservoir.[17] |
| Kislovodsk |  | Stavropol Krai43°53′N42°45′E / 43.883°N 42.750°E /43.883; 42.750 (Kislovodsk) | 2016 | Кисловодский | 966 hectares (3.7 sq mi) | The largest urban park in Europe, Kislovodsk NP stretches from the city center ofKislovodsk up the slopes of the adjacent Dzhinal Ridge. It is located on the foothills north of theCaucasus Mountains. The park supports mineral springs, hiking paths, and a cable car to the top of the ridge.[18] |
| Kodar | .jpg) | Zabaykalsky Krai56°54′N118°16′E / 56.900°N 118.267°E /56.900; 118.267 (Kodar) | 2018 | Кодар | 491,700 hectares (1,898.5 sq mi) | Kodar is located in theKodar Mountains, about 500 kilometres (310 mi) northeast ofLake Baikal. The park encompasses extreme variations in terrain: precipitous alpine slopes ("Kodar" in the indigenousEvenks language means "steep"), over 570 alpine lakes, low-altitude glaciers, volcanoes, and an isolated small desert surrounded by taiga forest.[19] |
| Koygorodsky | Komi Republic59°48′N49°48′E / 59.800°N 49.800°E /59.800; 49.800 (Koygorodsky) | 2019 | КойгородскийArchived 2021-12-12 at theWayback Machine | 56,700 hectares (218.9 sq mi) | Koygorodsky covers one of the largest expanses of virgin southern taiga in Europe. It is located on the eastern edge of the East European Plain, in the Komi Republic of Russia.[20] | |
| Krasnoyarsk Pillars |  | Krasnoyarsk Krai 55°32′N92°28′E / 55.533°N 92.467°E /55.533; 92.467 (Krasnoyarsk Stolby) | 2019 | Красноярские Столбы | 47,154 ha (182.1 sq mi) | Reclassified as a national park in 2019 (from anature reserve), Stolby is situated on the northwestern spurs of the Eastern Sayan which is contiguous with the Central Siberian Plateau. Area borders upon the major city of Krasnoyarsk from the northeast. Visitors are able to get to the boundary by a city bus.[21] |
| Kytalyk |  | Sakha70°51′N147°51′E / 70.850°N 147.850°E /70.850; 147.850 (Kytalyk) | 2019 | Кыталык | 1,885,554 hectares (7,280.2 sq mi) | Kytalyk is a protected area for the Arctic breeding grounds of migratory birds on theEast Asian–Australasian Flyway, including a significant portion of sites for the critically endangeredSiberian crane. The name "kytalyk" is the Yakut-language word for the Siberian crane. The park is on the low-lying tundra of the delta of the Indigirka River, on the East Siberian Sea in northern Russia.[22] |
| Ladoga Skerries |  | Republic of Karelia61°36′N30°50′E / 61.600°N 30.833°E /61.600; 30.833 (Kodar) | 2017 | Ладожские шхеры | 122,008 hectares (471.1 sq mi) | Ladoga Skerries is located on the north and northwestern shores of Lake Ladoga in the Russian Republic of Karelia. The park features numerous small rocky islands ("skerries") on narrow bays and channels.[23] |
| Land of the Leopard |  | Primorsky Krai43°00′N131°25′E / 43.000°N 131.417°E /43.000; 131.417 (Land of the Leopard) | 2012 | Земля леопарда | 80,000 hectares (308.9 sq mi) | The main aim of the park is to preserve and restore the population of the unique spotted cat - the Amur leopard, which number in Russia is now only about 50 individuals. Today, more than half of them lives in the "Land of the Leopard." In addition, there lives and another cat, listed in the Red Book - the Amur tiger.[24] |
| Lena Pillars | .JPG) | Sakha61°08′N127°35′E / 61.133°N 127.583°E /61.133; 127.583 (Lenskie Stolby) | 2018 | Ленские столбыArchived 2022-04-02 at theWayback Machine | 1,217,941 hectares (4,702.5 sq mi) | |
| Losiny Ostrov |  | Moscow Oblast53°52′N37°47′E / 53.867°N 37.783°E /53.867; 37.783 (Losiny Ostrov) | 1983 | Лосиный Остров | 11,600 hectares (44.8 sq mi) | Literally, 'Moose Island', Losiny Ostrov is the first national park of Russia. It is located in Moscow and Moscow Oblast and is the third largest forest in a city of comparable size, after Table Mountain National Park (Cape Town) and Pedra Branca State Park (Rio de Janeiro).[25] |
| Mariy Chodra | .jpg) | Mari El Republic56°09′N48°22′E / 56.150°N 48.367°E /56.150; 48.367 (Mariy Chodra) | 1985 | Марий Чодра | 36,600 hectares (141.3 sq mi) | Mariy Chodra (literally, "Mari Forest") was created to protect rare plants: more than 115 rare plant species are documented. There are fourteen tourist routes in the park; the most popular attractions being Yalchik, Glukhoye, and Kichiyer Lakes, the rafting on the Ilet and Yushut Rivers, Pugachov's Oak, and the Maple Mountain.[26] |
| Meshchyora |  | Vladimir Oblast55°34′N40°15′E / 55.567°N 40.250°E /55.567; 40.250 (Meshcheyora) | 1992 | Мещёра | 118,900 hectares (459.1 sq mi) | Meshchyora NP covers extensive wetlands (swamps, peat bogs, rivers and lakes) - an extremely rich habitat for biodiversity - and pine/birch woodlands in the Meshchera Lowlands on the East European Plain in Vladimir Oblast, about 120 km east of Moscow. The area is associated with the medieval Meshchera tribe.[27] |
| Meschyorsky |  | Ryazan Oblast55°08′N40°10′E / 55.133°N 40.167°E /55.133; 40.167 (Meschyorsky) | 1992 | Мещерский | 105,014 hectares (405.5 sq mi) | "Meshchersky" (Мещёрский) National Park is not to be confused with "Meshchyora" (Мещёра) National Park, which is just to the north, over the border in Vladimir Oblast. The neighboring parks cover similar wetlands (swamps, peat bogs, rivers and lakes) and pine/birch woodlands in the Meshchera Lowlands.[28] |
| Nechkinsky |  | Udmurt Republic56°41′N53°47′E / 56.683°N 53.783°E /56.683; 53.783 (Nechkinsky) | 1997 | Нечкинский | 20,753 hectares (80.1 sq mi) | Nechkinsky NP is an important biological and cultural reserve of Udmurtia (the Udmurt Republic), situated in the middle valley of the Kama River, its tributary the Siva River, and the coastal part of the Votkinsk reservoir. The territory is mostly forest and river floodplains, with a number of ancient archaeological sites on the grounds. It is near the city of Izhevsk, on the west side of theUral Mountains.[29] |
| Nizhnyaya Kama |  | Tatarstan55°48′N52°19′E / 55.800°N 52.317°E /55.800; 52.317 (Nizhnyaya Kama)< | 1991 | Нижняя Кама | 26,587 hectares (102.7 sq mi) | Literally translated as "Lower Kama National Park", Nizhnyaya Kama is a national park in the center of Russia, located in Tukayevsky and Yelabuzhsky Districts ofTatarstan. It was established April 20, 1991, to protect coniferous (mostly pine) forests at the banks of the Kama River.[30] |
| Onezhskoye Pomorye |  | Arkhangelsk Oblast64°47′N37°18′E / 64.783°N 37.300°E /64.783; 37.300 (Onezhskoye Pomorye) | 2013 | Онежское Поморье | 201,670 hectares (778.7 sq mi) | The park occupies much of the Onega Peninsula and adjacent parts of the White Sea. There are no all-season means of land transportation to the mainland. Most of the area is covered by forest. Moose, Eurasian brown bear, gray wolf, and red fox are common in the park. Beluga whale occurs in the White sea. In the winter, the sea is frozen.[31] |
| Orlovskoye Polesye |  | Oryol Oblast53°28′N35°3′E / 53.467°N 35.050°E /53.467; 35.050 (Orlovskoye_Polesye) | 1994 | Орловское полесье | 77,745 hectares (300.2 sq mi) | Orlovskoye Polesye is situated in the middle of the Central Russian Upland straddling the Znamensky and Khotynetsky districts of Oryol Oblast. The territory is a hills cut with ravines and gullies. The highest elevation is 250 meters above the sea level. In the low-lying areas there are muskeg with cranberries.[32] |
| Paanajärvi |  | Republic of Karelia66°29′N37°18′E / 66.483°N 37.300°E /66.483; 37.300 (Paanajärvi) | 1992 | Паанаярви | 104,371 hectares (403.0 sq mi) | Paanajärvi National Park is located in the Karelia Region of northern Europe, along the Finnish–Russian border. It protects 1,043.71 square kilometres (402.98 sq mi) of pristine Scandinavian and Russian Taiga ecoregion forest habitats, lakes, and rivers.[33] |
| Lake Pleshcheyevo |  | Yaroslavl Oblast56°46′N38°44′E / 56.767°N 38.733°E /56.767; 38.733 (Pleshcheyevo Ozero) | 1997 | Плещеево озеро | 23,790 hectares (91.9 sq mi) | Pleshcheyevo NP covers Lake Pleshcheyevo and surrounding areas. The lake is highly popular for recreational use, as an ecological habitat, and is a former resort for the Russian tsars. The lake is located about 130 km northeast of Moscow, in the basin of the Upper Volga. On the southeast shore is the resort town of Pereslavl-Zalessky, Yaroslavl Oblast.[34] |
| Pribaikalsky |  | Irkutsk Oblast51°51′N104°53′E / 51.850°N 104.883°E /51.850; 104.883 (Pribaikalsky) | 1986 | Прибайкальский | 417,300 hectares (1,611.2 sq mi) | Pribaikalsky National Park covers the southwest coast of Lake Baikalin southeastern Siberia. The coastal strip includes some mountain ridges to the west as well as offshore islands such as Olkhon Island to the east. It is about 50 km southeast of the city of Irkutsk, Irkutsk Oblast.[35] |
| Pripyshminskiye Bory | .jpg) | Sverdlovsk Oblast56°59′N63°47′E / 56.983°N 63.783°E /56.983; 63.783 (Pripyshminskiye Bory) | 1993 | Припышминские Боры | 49,050 hectares (189.4 sq mi) | Pripyshminskie Bora is located on the western edge of the West Siberian Plain . It protects a complex of pine and birch forests. About 10% of the area is non-forested marshes, ponds, hayfields and pastures.[36] |
| Prielbrusye |  | Kabardino-Balkaria43°21′N42°34′E / 43.350°N 42.567°E /43.350; 42.567 (Prielbrusye) | 1986 | Приэльбрусье | 1,010,200 hectares (3,900.4 sq mi) | Prielbrusye is centered on Mt. Elbrus, the highest mountain in Europe at 5,632 meters above sea level. The relative isolation of steep gorges has led to high levels of endemism and biodiversity. The park is in the central Caucusus, just northwest of Alaniya National Park.[37] |
| Russian Arctic |  | Arkhangelsk Oblast75°42′N60°54′E / 75.700°N 60.900°E /75.700; 60.900 (Russian Arctic) | 1986 | Русская Арктика | 1,426,000 hectares (5,505.8 sq mi) | Russian Arctic National Park covers a large and remote area of the Arctic Ocean, the northern part of Novaya Zemlya (Severny Island), and Franz Josef Land.[38] |
| Russian North |  | Vologda Oblast59°57′N38°34′E / 59.950°N 38.567°E /59.950; 38.567 (Russky Sever) | 1992 | Русский Север | 166,400 hectares (642.5 sq mi) | The park protects natural and cultural landscapes of theRussian North aroundKirillo-Belozersky Monastery andFerapontov Monastery, places of great historical significance.[39] |
| Salair |  | Altai Republic53°30′N86°24′E / 53.500°N 86.400°E /53.500; 86.400 (Salair) | 2020 | Салаир | 161,221 hectares (622.5 sq mi) | Salair is located on the west slope of the Salair Ridge, which separates Altai Krai (west side) from Kemerovo Oblast (east side). The low mountains are covered with coniferous forest. Because of its warm, humid summers, scientists have referred to Salair as the "rainforest of Siberia". |
| Samarskaya Luka |  | Samara Oblast53°18′N49°50′E / 53.300°N 49.833°E /53.300; 49.833 (Samarskaya Luka) | 1984 | Самарская Лука | 134,000 hectares (517.4 sq mi) | The park (in English, "Samara Bend") is on the 180-degree bend of the Volga River as it flows south by the City of Samara. It is on the shore of the Kuibyshevskoye water reservoir, and on the north it has a border with Zhigulevsky Zapovednik. Most of the bedrock iskarst (limestone) formation. |
| Samursky |  | Dagestan41°52′N48°32′E / 41.867°N 48.533°E /41.867; 48.533 (Samursky) | 2019 | СамурскийArchived 2022-01-01 at theWayback Machine | 48,273 hectares (186.4 sq mi) | Samursky is located on the west coast of the Caspian Sea, at the eastern extent of the Greater Caucasus Mountains in Dagestan, Russia. It is divided into two sectors: a coastal floodplain section on the delta of the Samur River, and a mountainous sector that includes Mount Bazardüzü and the southernmost extreme point in Russia.[42] |
| Saylyugemsky |  | Altai Republic49°31′N88°37′E / 49.517°N 88.617°E /49.517; 88.617 (Saylyugemsky) | 2010 | СайлюгемскийArchived 2016-02-07 at theWayback Machine | 118,380 hectares (457.1 sq mi) | Created as a special preserve for the Altai Snow Leopard and the Altai mountain sheep (argali), Saylyugemsky National Park rises in the Altai-Sayan Mountains, on the border between Russia and Mongolia.[43] |
| Sebezhsky |  | Pskov Oblast56°16′N28°30′E / 56.267°N 28.500°E /56.267; 28.500 (Sebezhsky) | 1996 | Себежский | 50,021 hectares (193.1 sq mi) | Sebezhsky National Park is located in the southwestern part of Sebezhsky District, where the national park is located, is essentially hilly landscape of glacial origin with many lakes. The area is forested, with pine, spruce, mixed, and alder forests.[44] |
| Sengileev Hills |  | Ulyanovsk Oblast54°00′N48°36′E / 54.000°N 48.600°E /54.000; 48.600 (Sengileevskie) | 2017 | Сенгилеевские горы | 43,697 hectares (168.7 sq mi) | The park is located in theSengiley Hills area of theVolga Uplands, along the middleVolga River in Russia. The 'mountains' are technically plateau with deep ravines and river cuts, about three-quarters forested.[45] |
| Shantar Islands |  | Khabarovsk Krai55°00′N137°30′E / 55.000°N 137.500°E /55.000; 137.500 (Shantar Islands) | 2014 | Шантарские острова | 250,000 hectares (965.3 sq mi) | The Shantar Islands are a group of 15 islands that lie off the coast of Khabarovsk Krai, in the Sea of Okhotsk. Most of the islands have rugged cliffs, and the highest point is 720 meters. They are home to Steller Sea Lions, seals, and Bowhead whales.[46] |
| Shorsky |  | Kemerovo Oblast52°35′N88°20′E / 52.583°N 88.333°E /52.583; 88.333 (Shorsky) | 1989 | Шорский | 418,000 hectares (1,613.9 sq mi) | Shorsky National Park is a forested, mountainous area in southwestern Siberia, where theWest Siberian Plain meets theSouth Siberian Mountains . It is representative of areas with dark taiga tree cover (92% of the park is forested).[47] |
| Shushensky Bor |  | Krasnoyarsk Krai52°42′N91°30′E / 52.700°N 91.500°E /52.700; 91.500 (Shushensky Bor) | 1995 | Шушенский борArchived 2016-01-10 at theWayback Machine | 39,180 hectares (151.3 sq mi) | |
| Smolenskoye Poozerye |  | Smolensk Oblast55°32′N31°24′E / 55.533°N 31.400°E /55.533; 31.400 (Smolenskoye Poozerye) | 1992 | Смоленское Поозерье | 146,237 hectares (564.6 sq mi) | "Smolensk Lakes" is a forest-wetland ecosystem of 35 lakes and surroundings in the northwest of Smolensk Oblast near the Russian border with Belarus. It is in the basin of the Daugava (river) (also called the "Western Dvina" River), about 40 miles (64 km) north of the city of Smolensk.[48] |
| Smolny |  | Republic of Mordovia54°50′N45°40′E / 54.833°N 45.667°E /54.833; 45.667 (Smolny) | 1995 | Смольный | 36,500 hectares (140.9 sq mi) | The park has a representative lowland river environment, with a slow current. The lakes and swamps are mainly concentrated in the floodplain of theAlatyr River. Marshes are mainly lowland. A few bogs are located in the southern and central parts of the park. There are many springs. |
| Sochi |  | Krasnodar Krai43°05′N39°43′E / 43.083°N 39.717°E /43.083; 39.717 (Sochi) | 1983 | Сочинский | 193,737 hectares (748.0 sq mi) | The park occupies the Greater Sochi area, from the border with the Tuapsinsky District, between the mouths of Shepsi River and Magri River in the north-west, to the border with Abkhazia along the Psou River in the south-east, and between the Black Sea to the water divide crest of the Greater Caucasus.[50] |
| Taganay |  | Chelyabinsk Oblast55°15′N59°47′E / 55.250°N 59.783°E /55.250; 59.783 (Taganay) | 1991 | Таганай | 56,800 hectares (219.3 sq mi) | Taganay is a group of mountain ridges in the Southern Urals, on the territory of Chelyabinsk Oblast, with the highest point rising 1178 m. above sea level.[51] |
| Tarkhankut |  | Autonomous Republic of Crimea45°25′N32°32′E / 45.417°N 32.533°E /45.417; 32.533 (Tarhankut) | 1991 | Тарханкутский | 10,900 hectares (42.1 sq mi) | The park is located on the western tip of the Tarkhankut peninsula in the Black Sea region. The park is predominantly steppe areas Tarkhankut hills and beams (White, Castel, Ternovaya), which cut into the hill. The park surrounds virtually all West Coast.[52] |
| Tokinsko-Stanovoy | Amur Oblast50°41′N130°09′E / 50.683°N 130.150°E /50.683; 130.150 (Tunkinsky) | 2019 | Токинско-Становой | 243,000 hectares (938.2 sq mi) | Tokinsko-Stanovoy is located at the mountainous headwaters of theZeya River, in theStanovoy Highlands of theRussian Far East. It was created in 2019 to protect important natural features - particularly the Siberian snow sheep, and also the cultural heritage of the reindeer-herding indigenous Evenki people.[53] | |
| Tunkinsky |  | Buryatia51°41′N102°08′E / 51.683°N 102.133°E /51.683; 102.133 (Tunkinsky) | 1991 | Тункинский | 1,183,662 hectares (4,570.1 sq mi) | Tunkinsky is in south central Siberia, and covers a mountainous region centered on the Irkut River valley (also referred to as the Tunka Valley) that continues from the rift valley of Lake Baikalsouthwest to the border of Mongolia. To the north and west of the valley is the eastern edge of theSayan Mountains.[54] |
| Udegeyskaya Legenda |  | Primorsky Krai45°49′N135°25′E / 45.817°N 135.417°E /45.817; 135.417 (Udegeyskaya Legenda) | 1991 | Удэгейская легенда | 103,744 hectares (400.6 sq mi) | Udege Legend covers the richest coniferous-deciduous forest on the western slope of the Central Sikhote-Alin mountains of the Russian Far East. The park is designed to protect west-slope river valley habitat, and to support the remnant of the indigenous Udege people. The area is known for abundant fishing and boating on the streams and rivers. It is also a refuge for the endangered Amur Tiger.[55] |
| Ugra |  | Kaluga Oblast54°09′N35°52′E / 54.150°N 35.867°E /54.150; 35.867 (Ugra) | 1997 | Угра | 98,600 hectares (380.7 sq mi) | Ugra National Park is a forested area in the Kaluga region (southwest of Moscow) and includes the valleys of the rivers Ugra, Zhizdra, Vyssa and Oka.[56] The park's highlights include theOptina Monastery and theNikola-Lenivets art park. |
| Yugyd Va |  | Komi Republic62°25′N58°47′E / 62.417°N 58.783°E /62.417; 58.783 (Yugyd Va) | 1994 | Югыд ва | 1,891,700 hectares (7,303.9 sq mi) | The Yugyd Va park covers a territory in the Northern Ural Mountains and adjacent foothills and flatlands. The entire park is within the Pechora River basin, i.e. west of the Europe-Asia continental divide; this means that all of it is geographically in Europe.[57] |
| Valdaysky |  | Novgorod Oblast57°59′N31°15′E / 57.983°N 31.250°E /57.983; 31.250 (Valdaysy) | 1990 | Валдайский | 158,500 hectares (612.0 sq mi) | Since 2004, the National Park has the status of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Valdaysky National Park, which includes the town of Valday, Lake Valdayskoye, and the northern part of Lake Seliger, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Central Russia and has well-developed tourist infrastructure.[58] |
| Vodlozersky |  | Arkhangelsk Oblast62°39′N37°05′E / 62.650°N 37.083°E /62.650; 37.083 (Vodlozersky) | 1991 | Водлозерский | 428,000 hectares (1,652.5 sq mi) | The park area includes Lake Vodlozero, the river basin of the Ileksa, the main inflow of the lake, and the upper course of the Vodla. In 2001, Vodlozersky was designated a UNESCO Biodiversity Reserve site.[59] |
| Zabaykalsky |  | Buryat Republic53°43′N109°13′E / 53.717°N 109.217°E /53.717; 109.217 (Zabaykalsy) | 1986 | Забайкальский | 269,000 hectares (1,038.6 sq mi) | Zaybaykalsky National Park covers a section of the eastern shore of Lake Baikal.[60] |
| Zavidovo |  | Tver Oblast56°25′N36°07′E / 56.417°N 36.117°E /56.417; 36.117 (Zavidovo) | 2015 | Завидово | 132,858 hectares (513.0 sq mi) | Zavidovo is a complex of forests and wetlands located inTver Oblast andMoscow Oblast,Russia. The area is abundant in game animals and has historically been a notable hunting reserve for government officials.[61] |
| Zigalga |  | Chelyabinsk Oblast54°35′N58°31′E / 54.583°N 58.517°E /54.583; 58.517 (Zigalga) | 2019 | Зигальга | 45,662 hectares (176.3 sq mi) | Zigalga is located on the highZigalga Ridge of theSouthern Ural Mountains in Russia, on the transition between Europe and Siberia.[62] |
| Zov Tigra |  | Primorsky Krai43°35′N134°16′E / 43.583°N 134.267°E /43.583; 134.267 (Zov Tigra) | 2007 | Зов Тигра | 83,384 hectares (321.9 sq mi) | Zov Tigra is a mountainous refuge for the endangered Amur Tiger. The park encompasses an area of 83,384 hectares (206,046 acres; 834 km2; 322 sq mi) on the far southeast coast of Russia's Far East in the federal district Primorsky Krai (in English, "Maritime Region").[63] |
| Zyuratkul | .jpg) | Chelyabinsk Oblast54°51′N58°56′E / 54.850°N 58.933°E /54.850; 58.933 (Zyuratkul) | 1993 | Зюраткуль | 88,200 hectares (340.5 sq mi) | Notable features include LakeZyuratkul, a rare mountainous body of water for the Urals 754 m above sea level, with a surface area of 13,2 km2 and a maximum depth of 8 m. Water is slightly mineralised (≈50 mg/L). Because of its clear water and spectacular landscape around, Zyuratkul' is often called "Ural Ritsa".[64] |
