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National Iraqi Alliance الائتلاف الوطني العراقي | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Ammar al-Hakim |
| Founded | 2005 (2005) |
| Ideology | ShiaIslamism Pro-Iran |
TheNational Iraqi Alliance (NIA orINA;Arabic:الائتلاف الوطني العراقي,romanized: Al-I’tilāf al-Waṭanī al-‘Irāqī), also known as theWatani List, was anIraqi electoral coalition that contested the2010 Iraqi legislative election. The Alliance was mainly composed ofShi'aIslamist parties. The alliance was created by theSupreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq (the at the time largest Shi'a party) to contest in theJanuary 2005 andDecember 2005 under the nameUnited Iraqi Alliance (UIA;Arabic:الائتلاف العراقي الموحد,romanized: Al-I’tilāf al-‘Irāqı al-Muwaḥḥad), when it included all Iraq's major Shi'a parties. The United Iraqi Alliance won both those of elections however later fell apart after several major parties (most notably theSadr Movement) left the alliance due to disputes with Prime MinisterNouri al-Maliki and the Supreme Council.[1]
The component parties contested the2009 provincial elections separately but later that year started negotiations to revive the list. In August 2009, they announced the creation of the National Iraqi Alliance for the2010 parliamentary election, this time without Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki's Islamic Dawa Party, which formed theState of Law Coalition.[2] Later that year the two lists would re-unite again, forming theNational Alliance.[3]
The Alliance formed in the lead-up to theJanuary 2005 elections from mainlyShi’ite groups most importantly theSupreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, whose leaderAbdul Aziz al-Hakim headed the list, andIslamic Dawa Party. Other important members included the secularIraqi National Congress led byAhmed Chalabi and the independent nuclear physicistHussain Shahristani. It also included supporters of clericMuqtada al-Sadr who preferred not to back hisNational Independent Cadres and Elites party, and a number of independentSunni representatives. The coalition was widely believed to have been supported by seniorAyatollahAli al-Sistani, the most widely respected religious figure in Iraq. Although Sistani offered no official endorsement, many in Iraq understood the UIA to be the "Sistani list."
The 22 parties included in the coalition, which was called List 228, were:
Many members of the Alliance had lived in exile inIran, includingIbrahim al-Jaafari, Iraq'sPrime Minister from 2005 to 2006, who led theIslamic Dawa Party. In 1980, thousands of al-Dawa supporters were imprisoned or executed after advocating replacingSaddam Hussein's secularBa'ath Party government with anIslamic government. The Iranian government supported their efforts and allowed members of Al-Da’wa to seek exile in Iran.
The Alliance received 4.08 million votes (48.1%) in the election, which gave the bloc 140 seats on the 275-seatCouncil of Representatives of Iraq. The Alliance's nominees included 42 women. The Alliance formed a coalitionIraqi Transitional Government with theDemocratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan. Ibrahim al-Jaafari, leader of theIslamic Dawa Party, became thePrime Minister of Iraq andJalal Talabani of the Kurdistani Alliance became thePresident of Iraq.
In March 2005, theIraqi Turkmen Front agreed to join the UIA’s caucus in the National Assembly. In return, Sistani reportedly pledged support for the recognition ofIraqi Turkmen as a national minority.[4]
TheIraqi National Congress left the alliance prior to theDecember 2005 elections, which also brought theSadrist Movement more firmly into the Alliance.Al-Sistani also stated that he would not support any party in this election.
The election saw an increased turnout, mainly because theSunniArab population decided not to boycott. The alliance won 5.0 million votes (41.2%) an increase of 23% in the number of votes but a reduction of 6.9% in the vote share. They gained 128 seats, 12 fewer than the previous election.
Analysis of the seat allocation after the elections showed that the 109 district seats and 19 compensatory seats won by the UIA were split as follows:
| Party | District Seats | Compensatory Seats | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| SCIRI &Badr Organization | 21 | 15 | 36 |
| Sadrist Movement | 27 | 2 | 29 |
| Islamic Virtue Party | 14 | 1 | 15 |
| Islamic Dawa Party | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| Islamic Dawa Party - Iraq Organisation | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| Independents and others | 24 | 1 | 25 |
| Total | 111 | 19 | 130 |
Other parties include:
Following the election, theIslamic Virtue Party withdrew from the Alliance, saying they wanted to "prevent blocs forming on a sectarian basis". This followed differences with Prime MinisterNouri al-Maliki over control of the Oil Ministry in theGovernment of Iraq from 2006.[5] This was followed in September 2007 by the Sadrist Movement, who complained the Alliance was "dominated by some parties".[6]
The Alliance formed a coalition with theKurdistani Alliance, the Sunni Arab-majorityIraqi Accord Front and the secularistIraqi National List. The Alliance nominated Jaafari for another term as prime minister, but his appointment was blocked by the Alliance's coalition partners.Nouri al-Maliki, a deputy leader of theIslamic Dawa Party was agreed instead.[7]
The component parties of the United Iraqi Alliance contested the2009 provincial elections separately and in August 2009, they announced a new coalition for the2010 parliamentary election without Prime Minister Maliki's Islamic Dawa Party. The new alliance was called the National Iraqi Alliance.[2] The chairman of the group is former Iraqi Prime MinisterIbrahim al-Jaafari.[8]
The parties taking part in the National Iraqi Alliance for the 2010 elections include:
| Governorate | Votes | Percentage | Seats Won | Total Seats |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anbar | 4,805 | 1.0% | 0 | 14 |
| Babil | 180,193 | 30.7% | 5 | 16 |
| Baghdad | 561,659 | 22.1% | 17 | 68 |
| Basra | 237,010 | 29.1% | 7 | 24 |
| Dhi Qar | 244,818 | 42.8% | 9 | 18 |
| Diyala | 85,821 | 17.1% | 3 | 13 |
| Dahuk | 179 | 0.04% | 0 | 10 |
| Erbil | 404 | 0.06% | 0 | 14 |
| Karbala | 81,794 | 24.5% | 3 | 10 |
| Kirkuk | 12,517 | 2.3% | 0 | 12 |
| Maysan | 135,319 | 49.6% | 6 | 10 |
| al-Muthanna | 71,699 | 31.3% | 3 | 7 |
| Najaf | 152,698 | 37.1% | 5 | 12 |
| Ninawa | 38,693 | 3.7% | 0 | 31 |
| al-Qadisiyyah | 133,821 | 35.8% | 5 | 11 |
| Salah ad-Din | 21,260 | 2.6% | 0 | 12 |
| Sulaymaniyah | 188 | 0.02% | 0 | 17 |
| Wasit | 129,188 | 34.3% | 4 | 11 |
| Compensatory seats | - | 28.6% | 2 | 7 |
| Total: | 2,092,066 | 18.2% | 70 | 325[3] |
| Party | District Seats | Compensatory Seats | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sadrist Movement | 39 | 0 | 39 |
| ISCI &Badr Organization | 17 | 1 | 18 |
| Islamic Virtue Party(Fadhila) | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| National Reform Trend | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Independents and others | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| Total | 68 | 2 | 70 |
Among the five seats not belonging to the INA's 4 major parties, 1 seat went to ISCI affiliated Hezbollah in Iraq, 1 seat went to the Iraqi National Accord (Ahmad Challabi's seat) and 1 went to the Basra-based Shaykhi party: Gathering of Justice and Unity.
The alliance formed following the2014 parliamentary election includes theSadrist Movement.[17] The coalition also includes theBadr Organization,[18] theAl-Muwatin coalition and theState of Law Coalition.[19]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)| Major political parties | |
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| Minor political parties | |
| Reserved Christian seats (5) |
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| Reserved minority seats (3) |
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| Unrepresented in parliament | |
| Banned |
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