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| Headquarters | Sudan St,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia |
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| Coordinates | 9°01′02″N38°45′02″E / 9.01722°N 38.75056°E /9.01722; 38.75056 |
| Established | 15 February 1906; 119 years ago (1906-02-15) |
| Ownership | 100%state ownership[1] |
| Governor | Mamo Mihretu |
| Central bank of | Ethiopia |
| Currency | Ethiopian birr ETB (ISO 4217) |
| Reserves | $3.4 billion |
| Bank rate | 8.00% |
| Interest on reserves | 3.00% |
| Website | nbe |
TheNational Bank of Ethiopia (NBE;Amharic:የኢትዮጵያ ብሔራዊ ባንክ) is thecentral bank ofEthiopia. Its headquarters are in the capital city ofAddis Ababa.Mamo Mihretu is the current governor of the bank.[2]
The bank is active in promotingfinancial inclusion policy and is a member of theAlliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI).[3]
On 15 February 1906, marked the beginning of banking in Ethiopia when the firstBank of Abyssinia was inaugurated by EmperorMenelik II. It was a private bank whose shares were sold in Addis Ababa, New York, Paris, London, and Vienna. The bank opened numerous branches including ones inHarar (1906),Dire Dawa (1908),Gore (1912), andDese (1920). One of the first projects the bank financed was theFranco-Ethiopian Railway which reached Addis Ababa in 1917. The bank then opened a transit office inDjibouti in 1920.[4]
In 1931, EmperorHaile Selassie introduced reforms into the banking system. The Bank of Abyssinia was liquidated the newly established Bank of Ethiopia, a fully government-owned bank, taking over management, staff and premises of the ceased bank. The Bank of Ethiopia provided central and commercial banking services to the country. However, theItalian invasion in 1935 brought the demise of one of the earliest initiatives in African banking.[5] During the Italian occupation, Italian banks were active in Ethiopia.[citation needed]
On 15 April 1943, theState Bank of Ethiopia became the central bank and was active until 1963. By the time it ceased operations in 1963, the State Bank of Ethiopia had established 19 domestic branches, a branch in Khartoum, and a transit office inDjibouti.[4]
The National Bank of Ethiopia was established in 1963 by Proclamation 206 of 1963 and began operation in January 1964. The establishment of the new organization was aided byU.S Department of State emissary,Earle O. Latham, who was the first Vice President of theFederal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Prior to this proclamation, the bank carried out dual activities i.e.commercial banking and central banking. The proclamation raised the bank's capital to 10 million Ethiopian Dollars and granted broad administrative autonomy and juridical personality. Following the proclamation the National Bank of Ethiopia was entrusted with the following responsibilities:
However, monetary and banking proclamation No. 99 of 1976 came into force in September 1976 to shape the bank's role according to the socialist economic principle that the country adopted. Hence the bank was allowed to participate actively in national planning, specifically financial planning, in cooperation with the concerned state organs. The bank's supervisory area was also increased to include other financial institutions such as insurance institutions, credit cooperatives and investment-oriented banks. Moreover, the proclamation introduced the new 'Ethiopian birr' in place of the former Ethiopian Dollar that ceased to belegal tender.
The proclamation revised the bank's relationship with Government. It initially raised the legal limits of outstanding government domestic borrowing to 25% of the actual ordinary revenue of the government during the proceeding three budget years as against the proclamation 206/1963, which set it to be 15%.
This proclamation was in force till the new proclamation issued in 1994 to reorganize the bank according to the market-based economic policy so that it could foster monetary stability, a sound financial system and such other credit and exchange conditions as are conductive to the balanced growth of the economy of the country. Accordingly, the following are some of the powers and duties vested in the bank by proclamation 83/1994.
Lastly, the proclamation has also raised the paid-up capital of the bank fromBirr 30.0 million to Birr 50.0 million. On 14 October 2022, NBE issuedforeign currency restriction to control local forex. 38 imported goods were prohibited such as liquors, automobiles, furniture, foods among others unless they register to national banks to approve accessing the foreign currency. The restriction includesEthiopian birr more than 3,000 andUS dollar, applied to foreign nationals living Ethiopia to any countries, exceptDjibouti.[6]
The National Bank of Ethiopia is one of the original 17 regulatory institutions to make specific national commitments to financial inclusion under the Alliance for Financial Inclusion's (AFI)[3]Maya Declaration.[7][8]
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