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Bones are the skeleton of our bodies. They allow us the ability to move and lift our body up againstgravity. Bones are attachment points formuscles that help us to do many activities such as walking, jumping, kneeling, grasping, etc. Bones also protectorgans from injury. Moreover,bone is responsible for bloodcell production in a humans body. Themechanical properties of bone greatly influence the functionality of bone. For instance, deterioration in boneductility due to diseases such asosteoporosis can adversely affect individuals’ life. Bone ductility can show how muchenergy bone absorbs beforefracture. Inbone, the origin ductility is at the nanoscale. The nano interfaces inBone are the interface between individualcollagen fibrils. The interface is filled with non-collagenous proteins, mainlyosteopontin (OPN) andosteocalcin (OC).[1] Theosteopontin andosteocalcin form a sandwich structure with HAP minerals at nano-scale. The nano Interfaces are less than 2 – 3 % of bone content by weight, while they add more than 30% of the fracturetoughness .[2][3]
The current knowledge of the structure and deformation mechanisms in nano-interfaces is limited.[4] For the first time, a study[5] unravel the complex synergic deformation mechanism in the nano-interfaces inbone. A synergisticdeformation mechanism of the proteins through strong anchoring and formation of dynamicbinding sites onmineral nano-platelets were seen. The nano-interface can sustain aductility approaching 5000% and outstanding specific energy to failure that is several times larger than the most known tough natural materials such as spider silk.