| Mureș/Maros | |
|---|---|
 The Mureș in Arad | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Countries | Romania andHungary |
| Cities | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Carpathian Mountains |
| • location | Izvorul Mureșului,Harghita County,Romania |
| • coordinates | 46°36′55″N25°37′2″E / 46.61528°N 25.61722°E /46.61528; 25.61722 |
| • elevation | 850 m (2,790 ft) |
| Mouth | Tisza |
• location | Szeged,Csongrád County,Hungary |
• coordinates | 46°15′6″N20°11′39″E / 46.25167°N 20.19417°E /46.25167; 20.19417 |
• elevation | 75 m (246 ft) |
| Length | 789 km (490 mi) |
| Basin size | 30,332 km2 (11,711 sq mi)30,190.1 km2 (11,656.5 sq mi)[1] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Makó |
| • average | 184 m3/s (6,500 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Szeged (near mouth) |
| • average | 188.895 m3/s (6,670.8 cu ft/s)[2] |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Tisza→Danube→Black Sea |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Târnava,Sebeș,Strei |
| • right | Arieș |
TheMureș (Romanian:[ˈmureʃ]) orMaros (IPA:[ˈmɒroʃ];German:Mieresch,Serbian:Мориш,romanized: Moriš) is a 789-kilometre-long (490 mi) river inEastern Europe. Itsdrainage basin covers an area of 30,332 km2 (11,711 sq mi).[3]: 22 It originates in theHășmașu Mare Range in the EasternCarpathian Mountains,Romania, rising close to the headwaters of the riverOlt, and joins theTisza atSzeged in southeasternHungary. In Romania, its length is 761 km (473 mi) and its basin size is 27,890 km2 (10,770 sq mi).[4]
The Mureș River flows through the Romanian countiesHarghita,Mureș,Alba,Hunedoara,Arad andTimiș, and the Hungarian countyCsongrád. The largest cities on the Mureș/Maros areTârgu Mureș,Alba Iulia,Deva andArad in Romania as well asMakó andSzeged in Hungary.
The Hungarian reaches of the Mureș/Maros are 73 km (45 mi) long as the stateborder. Some 28.5 km2 (11.0 sq mi) on the northern side of the river are protected as part of theKörös-Maros National Park. TheMaros Floodplain Protected Area consists of gallery forests, floodplain meadows and 0.6 km2 (0.23 sq mi) of forest reserve near Szeged.
Salt used to betraded in medieval times on the river on large rafts.
The river is known to be first mentioned byHerodotus in 485 BC bearing the nameMaris (Μάρις).[5] Strabo calls itMarisos (Μάρισος).[6] It was known inLatin as theMarisus; the Mureș is also mentioned, asMorisis (Μορήσης), in a document of the Byzantine EmperorConstantine VII, in 948 AD.[7][8]
It was also known inGerman variously as theMieresch,Marosch orMuresch, owing toTransylvanian Saxon settlements and priorHabsburg rule. It was known inTurkish as theMaroş orMuriş under theOttomans.
The following towns are situated along the river Mureș, from source to mouth:Toplița,Reghin,Târgu Mureș,Luduș,Ocna Mureș,Aiud,Teiuș,Alba Iulia,Geoagiu,Orăștie,Simeria,Deva,Lipova,Arad,Nădlac (all in Romania),Makó,Szeged (both in Hungary).
The Mureș flows through the following communes (grouped by counties, from source to mouth):
The following rivers aretributaries to the river Mureș (from source to mouth):[4]
Left: Cărbunele Negru,Senetea, Fierăstrăul,Șumuleul Mare,Borzontul Mare,Borzontul Mic,Pietrosul,Bacta, Limbuș,Piatra,Eseniu,Martonca, Calnaci, Muscă,Gălăuțaș, Zăpodea,Măgheruș, Mărșinețul de Sus,Gudea Mare,Sălard,Iod, Borzia,Sebeș, Fițcău,Idicel,Deleni,Gurghiu, Mocear,Beica,Habic,Petrilaca, Valea cu Nuci,Terebici,Pocloș, Budiu,Niraj, Pârâul Mare, Lăscud,Sărata,Șeulia, Valea Luncilor,Ațintiș, Găbud,Fărău, Ciunga, Pusta Băgăului,Rât,Târnava, Hăpria,Sebeș,Pianul,Cioara,Cugir,Vaidei,Romos,Orăștie,Turdaș,Strei, Tâmpa,Cerna, Herepeia,Căoi, Vulcez,Leșnic, Săcămaș,Plai,Dobra,Abucea,Valea Mare, Sălciva,Peștiș, Căpriorișca,Somonița, Birchiș,Izvor, Corbul, Fiac,Suliniș, Lalașinț, Chelmac,Pârâul Mare,Șiștarovăț, Țârnobara,Sinicoț, Valea Fânețelor de Jos, Zădărlac, and Zădăreni
Right:Chindeni, Arinul Scurt, Chirtoegher,Strâmba, Pârâul Noroios,Belcina,Lăzarea, Ghiduț,Ditrău, Faier,Jolotca, Filipea, Sărmaș,Ciucic,Toplița,Călimănel, Mermezeu,Zebrac, Neagra,Ilva, Obcina Ferigelor (Fântânel),Răstolița,Gălăoaia,Bistra, Pietriș, Dumbrava,Râpa, Agriș,Lueriu,Luț,Șar,Voiniceni,Cuieșd, Valea Fânațelor, Șăușa,Valea din Jos,Lechința, Ranta,Pârâul de Câmpie, Grindeni,Arieș,Unirea,Ciugud, Ormeniș, Mirăslău, Lopadea,Aiud,Gârbova,Geoagiu (Alba),Galda,Ampoi, Pâclișa,Valea Vințului,Blandiana, Stânișoara,Băcăinți,Homorod,Geoagiu (Hunedoara), Boiul,Bobâlna, Valea lui Sânpetru,Lazu,Vărmaga,Certej,Boholt,Căian, Bejan,Boz,Sârbi,Băcișoara,Gurasada,Zam,Almaș,Petriș, Crăciuneasca,Troaș,Vinești,Stejar,Julița, Valea Mare,Grosul,Monoroștia,Bârzava, Nadăș,Conop, Cornic,Milova, Jernova,Șoimoș, Radna,Cladova, Crac, andSzáraz-ér
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