The Jats were one of the first communities in theSubcontinent to interact withMuslims. They were known to theArabs as theZuṭṭ (Arabic:الزُّطِّ), which is the Arabicized word for Jat.[6][7][8] However, this term described several groups (such as theSāyabija,Andāghar, andQufs), not all of whom were necessarily considered Jats.[9] The Arabs noted several agglomerations of Jats settled across various regions ofSind.[10]
Between the 11th and 16th centuries,Sindhi Jats migrated intoPunjab.[11][12] Many clans have traditions of converting in this period, influenced by saints likeBaba Farid.[13] Before the rise of theMughals, many of the Punjabi clans west of theRavi river had converted.[14] However, local Jats continued to resist Muslim forces.[15][16][17][18]
During Mughal rule, Jats came to own considerable land and exert local influence.[19][20] The Mughals never had direct control over many of these rural grandees.[21] Some Jats also rose up the Mughal ranks, such asGrand VizierSaadullah Khan.[22][23]
The Muslim Jat population is estimated to number around 40.6 million.[39] Jats, together withRajputs andGujjars, are the dominant Punjabi Muslim communities settled across eastern Pakistan.[40]
^Bayly, Susan (2001).Caste, society and politics in India from the eighteenth century to the modern age. The new Cambridge history of India / general ed. Gordon Johnson 4, The evolution of contemporary South Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN978-0-521-79842-6.
^Grewal, J. S. (1998),The Sikhs of the Punjab, Cambridge University Press, p. 5,ISBN978-0-521-63764-0, retrieved 12 November 2011 Quote:"... the most numerous of the agricultural tribes (in the Punjab) were the Jats. They had come from Sindh and Rajasthan along the river valleys, moving up, displacing the Gujjars and the Rajputs to occupy culturable lands. (page 5)"
^Baumer, Christoph (30 May 2016).The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols.Bloomsbury. pp. 207–208.ISBN978-1-83860-939-9. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024."In 1026, warriors of the Jats, the indigenous population of Sindh, inflicted heavy losses on Mahmud's army when he retreated from Somnath to Multan. Mahmud returned a year later to take revenge on the Jats, who had been stubbornly resisting forced Islamisation since the eighth century. As the contemporary writer Gardizi reports, Mahmud had 1,400 boats built; each boat was to carry 20 archers and be equipped with special projectiles that could be filled with naphtha. Mahmud's fleet sailed down the Jhelum and then the Indus, until it met the Jat fleet. Although the Jats had far more boats than Mahmud, their fleet was set ablaze and destroyed."
^Elliot, Henry Miers (1959).The History of India: As Told by Its Own Historians; the Muhammadan Period; the Posthumous Papers of H. M. Elliot, Volume 3. Susil Gupta (India) Private, 1959. pp. 428–429.ISBN9781108055857."...[Timur] learned that they were a robust race, and were called Jats. They were Musulmáns only in name and had not their equals in theft and robbery. They plundered caravans on the road, and were a terror to Musulmáns and travellers... these turbulent Jats were as numerous as ants or locusts... [Timur] marched into the jungles and wilds, and slew 2,000 demon-like Jats."
^Sarvānī, ʻAbbās Khān (1974).Tārīk̲h̲-i-Śēr Śāhī. Translated by Brahmadeva Prasad Ambashthya. K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute, 1974.Archived. Quote:"[Suri] ordered Habibat Khan to be rid of Fath Khan Jat who was in QABūLA and who had once laid the entire country right upto PANIPAT to pillage and plunder in the time of the Mughals and had made them desolate, and had also brought MULTAN under his control after wresting it from the Balūcīs."
^abJournal of Central Asia. Centre for the Study of the Civilizations of Central Asia, Quaid-i-Azam University. 1992. p. 84. Retrieved30 July 2022.Sadullah Khan was the son of Amir Bakhsh, a cultivator of Chiniot. He belonged to a Jat family. He was born on Thursday, the 10th Safar 1000 A.H./1591 A.C.
^abIrvine, W. (1971).Later Mughal. Atlantic Publishers & Distri. p. 118. Retrieved30 July 2022.Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan.
^Ḥusain, M.; Pakistan Historical Society (1957).A History of the Freedom Movement: 1707-1831. A History of the Freedom Movement: Being the Story of Muslim Struggle for the Freedom of Hind-Pakistan, 1707-1947. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 304. Retrieved30 July 2022.Amongst other prisoners he obtained a young Jat boy of eight years . Daud took a fancy to him and adopted him as his son and named him ' Ali Muhammad Khan.
^abGupta, Hari Ram (1999) [1980].History of the Sikhs. Vol. III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) (2nd rev. ed.).Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 11.ISBN978-81-215-0213-9.OCLC165428303. "The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur. Originally a Hindu Jat, who was taken prisoner when a young boy by Daud in one of his plundering expeditions, at village Bankauli in the parganah of Chaumahla, and was converted to Islam and adopted by him."
^Christophe Jaffrelot, ed. (2004).A history of Pakistan and its origins. London: Anthem Press.ISBN1-84331-149-6.OCLC56646546.
^Cite error: The named reference:1 was invoked but never defined (see thehelp page).
^Gupta, Hari Ram (1999) [1980].History of the Sikhs. Vol. III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) (2nd rev. ed.).Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 11.ISBN978-81-215-0213-9.OCLC165428303. "The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur. Originally a Hindu Jat, who was taken prisoner when a young boy by Daud in one of his plundering expeditions, at village Bankauli in the parganah of Chaumahla, and was converted to Islam and adopted by him."
^Iqbāl Qaiṣar, پاكستان وچ سكھاں دياں تواريخى پوتر تھاواں, Punjabi History Board, 2001, p.206
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