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Muir S. Fairchild | |
|---|---|
 General Muir Stephen Fairchild | |
| Born | (1894-09-02)September 2, 1894 Bellingham, Washington, US |
| Died | March 17, 1950(1950-03-17) (aged 55) Fort Myer, Virginia, US |
| Buried | Section 34, Plot 48-A |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service | United States Army United States Air Force |
| Years of service | 1913–1947 (Army) 1947–1950 (Air Force) |
| Rank | General |
| Commands | Vice Chief of Staff, USAF Commandant,Air University |
| Battles / wars | Mexican Expedition World War I World War II |
| Awards | Distinguished Service Medal (2) Legion of Merit Distinguished Flying Cross |
| Spouse(s) | Florence Alice (Rossiter) Fairchild (1898–1989) |
GeneralMuir Stephen Fairchild (September 2, 1894 – March 17, 1950) was aUnited States Air Force officer and the service's secondVice Chief of Staff.[1]
Born inBellingham, Washington, Fairchild moved to Olympia in 1905 when his father was appointed by Governor Meade as chairman of Washington's first Railroad Commission. Muir graduated fromOlympia High School (officially William Winlock Miller High School) in 1913, then entered theU.S. Army'sSignal Corps in 1913 in an Army Signal Corps reserve unit inSeattle, while he was a student at theUniversity of Washington. In 1916, he was deployed in theWashington National Guard with the rank of sergeant, and his unit joined in the search forPancho Villa along the Mexican border, where he spent much time in a horse saddle in the desert heat. Watching observation planes flying overhead in the United States' first armed conflict using airplanes, Fairchild was an easy recruit when flyboys were being sought to fight with the French and Italians in the developing war in Europe, before the U.S. enteredWorld War I. A year later Fairchild became a flying cadet atBerkeley,California, getting his wings and commission in the U.S. Army'sAviation Section in January 1918. Fairchild fought the Germans from the air over the Rhine, including night bombing missions, in an era when bombs were still being released from the hand grasp of the bombardier.
In December 1918 Fairchild returned home and served atMcCook Field,Ohio;Mitchel Field,New York, andLangley Field,Virginia. On October 20, 1922[2] he was practicing dog fighting with Lt.Harold Ross Harris; when Harris lost control of his aircraft and was forced to parachute his way to safety;[3] ironically nearly a year later August 22, 1923 both Harris and Fairchild piloted the US Military first heavy bomber theWitteman-Lewis XNBL-1.
In 1926 and 1927, he flew toSouth America as part of the Pan American Good Will Flight a 22,000-mile (35,000 km) pioneering flight that sought to promote air postal service, U.S. commercial aviation and take messages of friendship to the governments and people of Central and South America, while forging aerial navigation routes through the Americas. The flight originated with five aircraft and crews taking off fromKelly Field,Texas on December 21, 1926, seeking to land in 23 Central and South American countries.
The aircraft used for the journey were new observation planes, theLoening OA-1A that could be used as both landplanes and seaplanes, with Liberty engines and a wood interior structure with an aluminum-covered fuselage and fabric-covered wings. Each plane was named for a U.S. city and crewed by two pilots, one of whom was an engineering officer, since there were very few airfields or repair facilities along the route, with the crew choosing the motto "No Work, No Ride."
Crew of the New York: Maj.Herbert Dargue, Lt.Ennis Whitehead;Crew of the San Antonio: Capt. Arthur McDaniel, Lt. Charles Robinson;Crew of the San Francisco: Capt.Ira Eaker, Lt. Muir Fairchild;Crew of the Detroit: Capt.Clinton F. Woolsey, Lt. John Benton;Crew of the St. Louis: Lt. Bernard Thompson, Lt. Leonard Weddington
The flight was marred by tragedy when the Detroit and New York accidentally collided mid-air and got locked together. The crew of the New York were able to parachute to safety but Capt. Woolsley and Lt. Benton were killed when the Detroit hit the ground.
The Pan American Flyers were greeted by a cheering crowd including President Calvin Coolidge, Cabinet members, and diplomats from Central and Latin America when they returned toBolling Field, Washington, D.C., on May 2, 1927.
Fairchild and the rest of the surviving Pan American Flight crew, andCharles Lindbergh, were among the first nine aviators to receive the newly created awardDistinguished Flying Cross. The Pan Am Good Will Tour aviators were the first to be named to receive the Distinguished Flying Cross, Lindbergh's being named came after the Pan Am Good Will Tour members, though Lindbergh actually received his medal first.
Fairchild went on to complete the course in the Air Corps Engineer School atWright Field in June 1929 and went to Santa Monica,California, as Air Corps representative toDouglas Aircraft Corporation. In June 1935 he graduated from theAir Corps Tactical School, along with strategic bombing advocatesHaywood S. Hansell,Barney Giles,Vernon M. Guymon,Laurence S. Kuter,Lawson H. M. Sanderson andHoyt S. Vandenberg, then became anAir Corps Tactical School instructor. He later attended theArmy Industrial College, and theArmy War College. He rose to director of air tactics and strategy in 1939.[4]
In 1940, Fairchild went to the Plans Division in Washington and in 1941 was named secretary of the newly formed Air Staff. Two months later he was advanced two grades to brigadier general and named assistant chief of Air Corps. In 1942 he became director of military requirements and was promoted to major general in August. In November he became a member of theJoint Strategic Survey Committee of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
On 20 December 1945, Fairchild was named commandant of theArmy Air Forces School atMaxwell Field inAlabama,.[5] The Army Air Forces School was renamedAir University on 15 March 1946.
On May 27, 1948, he became the second vice chief of staff of the U.S. Air Force, with the rank ofgeneral. (This made General Fairchild the only officer in the history of the Air Force to be promoted to the rank of general without having served as a lieutenant general first.) Only one year and ten months later, General Fairchild died of aheart attack at his quarters atFort Myer on March 17, 1950, while still on active duty as vice chief of staff atthe Pentagon.[6] He was survived by his wife, Florence Alice Fairchild, and his daughter, Betsy Anne Calvert.[7]
Fairchild Hall, the main academic building at theUnited States Air Force Academy inColorado, and thelibrary at the Air University in Alabama,Fairchild Memorial Hall, were named for him. In his home state ofWashington,Fairchild Air Force Base nearSpokane was named for him shortly after his death.[7] He is buried atArlington National Cemetery.[8]
Fairchild's overlapping Army commissions in the 1940s resulted in him effectively skipping over the grades of colonel and lieutenant general.[9]
| Military offices | ||
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| Preceded by | Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force 1948–1950 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Other | |
