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Moutiers-Saint-Jean Abbey

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Coordinates:47°33′36″N4°13′21″E / 47.5601°N 4.2226°E /47.5601; 4.2226

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Doorway from Moutiers-Saint-Jean, now inThe Cloisters in New York

Moutiers-Saint-Jean Abbey (from Latinmonasterium sancti Johannis,French:Abbaye de Moutiers-Saint-Jean, alsoAbbaye Saint-Jean-de-Réome) was a monastery located in what is now the village ofMoutiers-Saint-Jean (named after the monastery) in theCôte-d'Or department in easternFrance. It is inBurgundy, northwest ofDijon.

The monastery was founded by a monk namedJohn de Réôme around 450. In the seventh century, during the abbacy of Chunna (Hunnanus), a monk fromRemiremont, the originalmonastic rule, which had been that of the ancient saintMacarius of Alexandria, was replaced by that ofLuxeuil, founded by the Irish missionaryColumbanus.^[1] WhenJonas of Bobbio stayed at the monastery in 659, during Chunna's abbacy, he was compelled by the monks to write a biography of their founder. The result was theVita Iohannis.^[1]

In 816–17, Saint-Jean was reformed according to thesynods of Aachen. According tothe record of monasteries made around that time, it owed theCarolingian state annually both a monetary gift (dona) and a military contribution (militia).^[2]

The abbey became a major center of influence, by kings and nobles over the centuries; at one time it was financed by thedukes of Burgundy.^[3] Moutiers-Saint-Jean was sacked, burned and rebuilt a number of times; in 1567 theHuguenot army struck off the heads of the two kings on the main doorway.^[4] In 1797, after theFrench Revolution, the entire building was sold as rubble for rebuilding. It lay in ruin for decades, with the sculpture severely defaced, before theDoorway from Moutiers-Saint-Jean was bought from the landowner and moved to New York in 1932, where it is now inThe Cloisters museum.^[5] Some Romanesque capitals, probably from thenave of the church, are in theFogg Art Museum, theLouvre, and in the collection atBard-les-Epoisses. Twospandrels from anarcade are held by theDavis Museum atWellesley College.^[6]

The remains of the abbey (the 14th-century main gate, the facades of two 17th-century buildings, the grounds of the abbey and the abbey church) are protected by the French government.^[7]

Notes

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^^a ^bFox 2014, pp. 97–98.
^Lesne 1920.
^Young, 78
^Little, 67
^Barnet, 70
^Forsyth, 37
^Base Mérimée:PA00112565, Ministère français de la Culture.(in French)

Sources

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Barnet, Peter.The Cloisters: Medieval Art and Architecture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.ISBN 978-1-5883-9176-6
Diem, Albrecht (2008). "The Rule of an Iro-Egyptian Monk in Gaul: Jonas of Bobbio'sVita Iohannis and the Construction of Monastic Identity".Revue Mabillon.80:5–50.doi:10.1484/J.RM.5.101158.
Fox, Yaniv (2014).Power and Religion in Merovingian Gaul: Columbanian Monasticism and the Frankish Elites. Cambridge University Press.
Forsyth, William H. (1979). "A Gothic Doorway from Moutiers-Saint-Jean".Metropolitan Museum of Art Journal.13:33–74.doi:10.2307/1512709.
Lesne, Émile (1920)."Les ordonnances monastiques de Louis le Pieux et laNotitia de servitio monasteriorum".Revue d'histoire de l'église de France.6 (31):161–75, 321–38 and 449–93.doi:10.3406/rhef.1920.2144.
Little, Charles. "Set in Stone: The Face in Medieval Sculpture". New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2006.ISBN 978-1-5883-9192-6
Young, Bonnie.A Walk Through The Cloisters. New York: Viking Press, 1979.ISBN 978-0-8709-9203-2