 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Mobile crane" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
 | The examples and perspective in this articledeal primarily with the United Kingdom and do not represent aworldwide view of the subject. You mayimprove this article, discuss the issue on thetalk page, orcreate a new article, as appropriate.(August 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Amobile crane is acable-controlledcrane mounted oncrawlers or rubber-tired carriers or a hydraulic-poweredcrane with atelescoping boom mounted ontruck-type carriers or as self-propelled models.[1] They are designed to easily transport[2] to a site and use with different types of load and cargo with little or no setup or assembly.
Mobilecranes generally operate a boom, from the end of which ahook is suspended bywire rope andsheaves. The wire ropes are operated by whateverprime movers the designers have available, operating through a variety oftransmissions.Steam engines,electric motors, andinternal combustion engines (IC) have all been used.[citation needed] Older cranes' transmissions tended to beclutches. This was later modified when using IC engines to match the steam engines' "max torque at zero speed" characteristic by the addition of a hydrokinetic element, culminating in controlledtorque converters. The operational advantages of this arrangement can now be achieved by electronic control of hydrostatic drives, which for size and other considerations is becoming standard. Some examples of this type of crane can be converted to ademolition crane by adding ademolition ball, or to anearthmover by adding aclamshell bucket or adragline and scoop, although design details can limit their effectiveness.
Before 1870cranes were fixed to a position, except for some mounted onflatcars,railroad cranes, which provided some restricted movement. Appleby Brothers demonstrated steam-powered cranes at Paris in 1867 and Vienna in 1873. In 1922, Henry Coles, manager of Appleby Corp., began producing truck-mounted cranes under the namePetrol Electric Lorry Crane. In 1939 the Coles were acquired by Steel and Co. Ltd. of Sunderland. Hiab invented the world's first hydraulic truck mounted crane in 1947.[3] The name, Hiab, comes from the commonly used abbreviation of Hydrauliska Industri AB, a company founded in Hudiksvall, Sweden in 1944 by Eric Sundin, a ski manufacturer who saw a way to utilize a truck's engine to power loader cranes through the use of hydraulics.
Majorcrane development events include adoption of the internal combustion engine in 1922 and the invention of telescopic jibs. Before 1960, cranes carried additional booms with them to increase height, which increased operating costs. In 1959 crane expert R.H.Neal, hydraulics specialist F.Taylor, and design director Bob Lester, integrated all three and modernized cranes. The Coles Hydra Speedcrane appeared in 1962, further modified with the 10-ton fully telescopic hydraulic boom in 1966, followed in 1968 by the 30-ton "Husky" military versions withfour-wheel drive. In 1972, Steels was forced to merge with the Acrow Group, losing some of their most valuable employees, including Don Hassel and Johnny Johnson who started a new manufacturing processes plant. With backing from theBritish Crane Hire Corporation they acquired a small factory unit and ordered every single element of their product from subcontracted suppliers. In 1976, the Cosmos team created a 25-ton crane that combined several new developments.[4]
A Liebherr heavy Crane LR 11350 lifted a dome of nuclear power plant with 281 Tonnes 62 Meter high in December 2023.[5]
{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)
