TheRoyal Thai Armed Forces (RTARF;Thai:กองทัพไทย;RTGS: Kong Thap Thai) are the armed forces of theKingdom of Thailand.
TheHighest Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces (จอมทัพไทย;RTGS: Chom Thap Thai) is theKing of Thailand.[4] The armed forces are managed by theMinistry of Defence of Thailand, which is headed by the minister of defence and commanded by theRoyal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters, which in turn is headed by theChief of Defence Forces.[5] Thecommander-in-chief of theRoyal Thai Army is considered the most powerful position in the Thai Armed Forces.[6]
Royal Thai Armed Forces Day is celebrated on 18 January to commemorate the victory of KingNaresuan the Great inbattle against theViceroy ofBurma in 1593.[7]
The Royal Thai Armed Forces primarily aim to protect the sovereignty andterritorial integrity of Thailand. Their duties include defending theThai monarchy against all threats,[8] maintaining public order, and assisting in national disaster relief and drug control. Additionally, they support social development by cooperating withcivilian government initiatives.
There are differing perspectives on the roles of the Thai armed forces. While their official duties are well-defined, some critics argue that their functions extend to preserving ruling class hegemony against democratic movements and facilitating the self-enrichment of high-ranking military officials[9][10][11]
The Royal Thai Armed Forces have also played a role in internationalpeacekeeping efforts. Notably, they contributed to theUnited Nations peacekeeping forces, including their participation in theInternational Force for East Timor (INTERFET) from 1999 to 2002.[12] Additionally, they were part of themultinational force in Iraq, contributing 423 personnel from 2003 to 2004.[13] This international involvement reflects their expanding role beyond national borders.
As of 2020[update], the Royal Thai Armed Forces (RTARF) comprised approximately 360,850 active duty and 200,000 reserve personnel,[14] which is nearly one percent of Thailand's population of 70 million. This proportion of military personnel in relation to the total population is higher than that of the United States but lower than Vietnam's.[15]: 5 [16] The Thai military includes over 1,700 flag officers (generals and admirals), equating to about one general for every 212 troops.[17][18] This ratio is notably higher than that of the United States military, which as of November 1, 2018, had 920 active duty general and flag officers for a force of 1,317,325 personnel, resulting in one flag officer for every 1,430 troops.[19]: 2, 5 On May 2, 2015, 1,043 new flag officers from all three services of the Thai military were sworn in.[20] The number of officers who retired during the same period is not specified.
Observations by some analysts suggest that the goals of Thai generals include aligning with politically favorable parties, securing advantageous postings, and personal enrichment, which reportedly involves sharing gains with subordinates to maintain loyalty.[11]
In early 2021, Thailand's Ministry of Defence announced a plan to reduce the number of flag officers by 25% by 2029. As of March 2021, the RTARF had about 1,400 generals and admirals: 250 at RTARF headquarters, 400 in the army, 250 in the navy, 190 in the air force, and 300 in the Office of the Permanent Secretary of Defence.[21]
Conscription, a national duty outlined in theConstitution of the Kingdom of Thailand,[22] was initiated in 1905.[23] It mandates military service for all Thai citizens, although in practice, it primarily applies to males over 21 years of age who have not completed reserve training. The annualconscription process, typically held in early April, begins with eligible individuals reporting to their selection center at 07:00 on the designated day.
During this process, draftees have the option to volunteer for service or participate in a lottery if they do not volunteer. Those who choose to volunteer undergo thorough physical and mental health evaluations, including a drug test.[24] The results of these drug tests are recorded in the Narcotics Control Board's database. In 2018, data showed that out of 182,910 men tested, 12,209, or 6.7 percent, tested positive for drugs, with the majority detected formethamphetamine, followed bymarijuana, and other substances.
Individuals who test positive for drugs are subject to different treatments based on their conscription status. Over 3,000 men who tested positive and were drafted into the military received drug rehabilitation treatment as part of their service. Conversely, those who tested positive but were not drafted underwent a 13-day rehabilitation program in their home provinces.[24]
Candidates who do not meet the physical and mental health standards are exempted from service. Those who pass the examinations and volunteer for enlistment select their preferred service branch (Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy, or Royal Thai Air Force) and a reporting date. They receive official documentation summarizing the draft selection of the year, along with an enlistment order detailing the specifics of their basic training, including the time and location. The process concludes for the day with the dismissal of the enlistees, who then await their reporting date for basic training.
Following the dismissal of the volunteers, the conscription lottery commences at each selection center. The number of individuals conscripted via the lottery is determined by the center's set quota, minus the number of volunteers. Like the volunteers, those participating in the lottery undergo the same physical and mental health assessments, with ineligible individuals being similarly dismissed.
During the lottery, each man draws a card from an opaque box. A black card signifies exemption from military service, and the individual receives a letter of exemption. Conversely, drawing a red card mandates military service, with the induction date specified on the card. Individuals with higher educational qualifications may request a reduction in their service obligation.
In 2018, over 500,000 men were called for selection by the Royal Thai Armed Forces. The combined quota across the forces was approximately 104,000, including 80,000 for theRoyal Thai Army, 16,000 for theRoyal Thai Navy, and 8,700 for theRoyal Thai Air Force. On the selection day, 44,800 men volunteered for service. After accounting for these volunteers and those dismissed due to ineligibility, the remaining quota was approximately 60,000 slots. This quota was to be filled by the approximately 450,000 men participating in the draft lottery, making the overall probability of drawing a red card about 13 percent.[25]
In 2017, a total of 103,097 men participated in the military draft in Thailand, conducted from April 1 to 12. The armed forces required 77,000 conscripts annually. In some cases, certain selection centers did not need to conduct the balloting lottery because their quotas were already fulfilled by volunteers. In these instances, individuals who opted not to volunteer and instead waited for the lottery were issued certificates of exemption.
The duration of military service in Thailand varies depending on whether an individual volunteers and their level of educational attainment. Volunteers are generally required to serve for shorter periods. Those without a high school diploma must serve for two years, irrespective of their volunteer status. High school graduates who volunteer are obligated to serve for one year, whereas those who do not volunteer and draw red cards during the lottery are required to serve for two years. Individuals holding an associate degree or higher and who volunteer have a six-month service period. Those with similar educational qualifications who draw red cards during the lottery may request a reduction in their service time, up to a maximum of one year. University students are permitted to defer their conscription until they have completed their degree or reached the age of 26.
All conscripts in the Thai military are assigned the rank of Private, Seaman, or Aircraftman (OR-1), and they retain this rank throughout their service, regardless of their educational qualifications. Their wages are subject to increase after completing basic training and with time-in-grade.
It is reported by some sources that a significant number of conscripts, over half according to these claims, are utilized as servants[26] to senior officers or clerks inmilitary cooperative shops.[27][28] However, it is important to note that the placement of conscripts, irrespective of their volunteer status and educational background, is typically determined by the operational needs of their respective service branches. The most common roles assigned includeinfantryman for Royal Thai Army conscripts,Royal Marine for Royal Thai Navy conscripts, andsecurity forces specialist for Royal Thai Air Force conscripts. Their duties can vary, encompassing military operations, manning security checkpoints, force generation, and performing manual labor or clerical tasks as required by their unit.
Upon completing their service, conscripts are presented with the option to reenlist. In April 2020, for instance, only 5,460 out of 42,000 conscripts eligible for discharge at the end of the month chose to continue their service in the military.[29]
Top government officials in Thailand maintain that conscription is essential for the country.[30][31] However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the necessity and effectiveness of conscription in 21st-century Thailand.[32][33][34] Critics argue that, as of 2019, the external threats to Thailand are minimal. This perspective seems to align with Thailand's new National Security Plan, published in the Royal Gazette on November 22, 2019. Effective from November 19, 2019, to September 30, 2022, the plan suggests that external geopolitical threats are not significant in the forthcoming years, focusing instead on domestic issues, notably concerns about declining faith in the monarchy and political divisions.[35] In September 2023, theDefence Minister announced that conscription will be gradually abolished from April 2024 to 2027.[36]
Amnesty International, in a report from March 2020, alleges that Thai military conscripts are subjected to institutionalized abuse, which is often overlooked by military authorities.[37] The report describes this practice as a "long-standing open secret in Thai society".[38] One notable case cited by Amnesty occurred in 2011, involving the death ofWichian Pueksom, allegedly due to torture by 10 officers. As of the report's publication, no verdict had been rendered in this case.[39]
The defence budget nearly tripled from 78.1 billion baht in 2005 to 207 billion baht forFY2016 (1 October 2015 – 30 September 2016), amounting to roughly 1.5% ofGDP.[40] The budget for FY2017 is 214 billion baht (US$6.1 billion)—including funds for a submarine purchase[41]—a nominal increase of three percent.[42] The proposed budget again represents around 1.5% of GDP and eight percent of total government spending for FY2017.[43] The FY2018 defence budget is 220 billion baht, 7.65% of the total budget.[44] According toJane's Defence Budgets, the Royal Thai Army generally receives 50% of defense expenditures while the air force and navy receive 22% each.[15]: 29 The Ministry of Defense budget forFY2021 is 223,464 millionbaht, down from 231,745M baht in FY2020.[45]
TheRoyal Siamese Armed Forces was the military arm of theSiamese monarchy from the 12th to the 19th centuries. It refers to the military forces of theSukhothai Kingdom, theAyutthaya Kingdom, theThonburi Kingdom and the earlyRattanakosin Kingdom in chronological order. The Siamese army was one of the dominant armed forces in Southeast Asia. As Thailand has never been colonized by a European power, the Royal Thai Armed Forces boasts one of the longest and uninterrupted military traditions in Asia.
The army was organized into a small standing army of a few thousand, which defended the capital and the palace, and a much largerconscription-based wartime army. Conscription was based on the "ahmudan" system, which required local chiefs to supply, in times of war, a predetermined quota of men from their jurisdiction on the basis of population. The wartime army also consisted ofelephantry,cavalry,artillery, andnaval units.
In 1852, the Royal Siamese Armed Forces came into existence as permanent force at the behest of KingMongkut, who needed aEuropean trained military force to thwart any Western threat and any attempts at colonialisation. By 1887, during the next reign of KingChulalongkorn, a permanent military command in theKalahom Department was established. The office ofKalahom, as a permanent office of war department, was established by KingBorommatrailokkanat (1431–1488) in the mid-15th century during theAyutthaya Kingdom.[46]Siam's history of organized warfare is thus one of Asia's longest and uninterrupted military traditions.[47] However, since 1932, when the military, with the help of civilians,overthrew the system ofabsolute monarchy and instead created aconstitutional system, the military has dominated and been in control ofThai politics, providing it with manyprime ministers and carrying out manycoups d'état, themost recent being in 2014.
The Royal Thai Armed Forces were involved in many conflicts throughout its history, including global, regional and internal conflicts. However, most these were withinSoutheast Asia. The only three foreign incursions into Thai territory were theFranco-Siamese conflict of 1893, theJapanese invasion of Thailand in December 1941, and in the 1980s withVietnamese incursions into Thailand that led to several battles with the Thai Army. Operations on foreign territory were either territorial wars (such as theLaos Civil War) or conflicts mandated by theUnited Nations.
With the rapid expansion of theFrenchEmpire intoIndochina, conflicts necessarily occurred. War became inevitable when a French mission led byAuguste Pavie to KingChulalongkorn to try to bringLaos under French rule ended in failure. The French colonialists invaded Siam from the northeast and sent two warships to fight their way past the river forts and train their guns on the Grand Palace inBangkok (thePaknam Incident). The French also declared ablockade around Bangkok, which almost brought them into conflict with theUnited Kingdom. Siam was forced to accept the Frenchultimatum and surrendered Laos to France, also allowing French troops to occupy the Thai province ofChantaburi for several decades.[48]
_Arc_de_Triomphe_WW1_1919.jpg)
KingVajiravudh on 22 July 1917 declared war on theCentral Powers and joined theEntente Powers on theWestern Front. He sent a volunteer corps, theSiamese Expeditionary Force, composed of 1,233 modern-equipped and trained men commanded by Field Marshal PrinceChakrabongse Bhuvanath. The force included air and medical personnel, the medical units actually seeing combat. Siam became the only independentAsian nation with forces inEurope during the Great War. Although Siam's participation militarily was minimal, it enabled the revision or complete cancellation of so-called "unequal treaties" with theWestern powers.[49] The Expeditionary Force was given the honour of marching in the victory parade under theArc de Triomphe inParis.[50] Nineteen Siamese soldiers died during the conflict, and their ashes are interred in the World War I monument at the north end of Bangkok's Pramane Grounds.
TheFranco-Thai War began in October 1940, when the country under the rule of Field MarshalPrime MinisterPlaek Phibunsongkhram followed up border clashes by invading a French Indo-China, under theVichy regime (after theNazi occupation of Paris) to regain lost land and settle territorial disputes. The war also bolstered Phibun's program of promotingThai nationalism.[51] The war ended indecisively, with Thai victories on land and a naval defeat at sea. However, the disputed territories in French Indochina were ceded to Thailand.
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To attackBritish India,British Burma andBritish Malaya, theEmpire of Japan needed to use bases in Thailand. By playing both nations against one another,Prime MinisterPhibunsongkhram was able to maintain a degree ofneutrality for some time. However, this ended in the early hours of 8 December 1941, when Japan launched asurprise attack on Thailand at nine places along the coastline and from French Indo-China. The greatly outnumbered Thai forces put up resistance, but were soon overwhelmed. By 07:30, Phibun ordered an end to hostilities, though resistance continued for at least another day until all units could be notified. Phibun signed anarmistice with Japan that allowed the empire to move its troops through Thai territory. Impressed by Japan's easy conquest of British Malaya, Phibun formally made Thailand part of theAxis by declaring war on the United Kingdom and the United States, though the Regent refused to sign it in the young king's name. (TheThai ambassador to Washington refused to deliver the declaration, and the United States continued to consider Thailand an occupied country.) An active and foreign-assisted underground resistance movement, theFree Thai, was largely successful and helped Thailand to be viewed positively in the eyes of the victoriousAllies after the war and be treated as an occupied nation rather than a defeated enemy.[52][53]
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During the United Nations-mandated conflict in theKorean peninsula, Thailand provided the reinforced 1st Battalion of the21st Infantry Regiment, Some 65,000[clarification needed] Thais served in Korea during the war. Thai foot soldiers took part in the 1953Battle of Pork Chop Hill. During the war the battalion was attached at various times toU.S. 187th Airborne Regimental Combat Team and theBritish 29th Infantry Brigade. The kingdom also provided four naval vessels, the HTMSBangprakong,Bangpako,Tachin, andPrasae, and an air transport unit to the UN command structure. The Thai contingent was actively engaged and suffered heavy casualties, including 139 dead and more than 300 wounded.[clarification needed] They remained in South Korea after the cease fire, returning to Thailand in 1955.[54][55][56]
Due to its proximity to Thailand,Vietnam's conflicts were closely monitored by Bangkok. Thai involvement did not become official until thetotal involvement of theUnited States in support of South Vietnam in 1963. The Thai government then allowed theUnited States Air Force in Thailand to use its air and naval bases. At the height of the war, almost 50,000 American military personnel were stationed in Thailand, mainly airmen.[57]
In October 1967 a regiment-size Thai unit, theQueen's Cobras, were sent toCamp Bearcat atBien Hoa, to fight alongside the Americans, Australians, New Zealanders and South Vietnamese. About 40,000 Thai military would serve in South Vietnam, with 351 killed in action and 1,358 wounded.[57][58][59] Thai troops earned a reputation for bravery and would serve in Vietnam until 1971, when the men of theRoyal Thai Army Expeditionary Division (Black Panthers) returned home.[58]
Thailand was also involved in theLaotian Civil War, supporting covert operations against the communistPathet Lao and the North Vietnamese from 1964 to 1972.
By 1975 relations between Bangkok and Washington had soured, and the government ofKukrit Pramoj requested the withdrawal of all US military personnel and the closure of all US bases. This was completed by March 1976.[60]
Thecommunist victory in Vietnam in 1975 emboldened the communist movement in Thailand, which had been in existence since the 1920s. After theThammasat University massacre of leftist student demonstrators in 1976 and the repressive policies of right-wing Prime MinisterTanin Kraivixien, sympathies for the movement increased. By the late-1970s, it is estimated that the movement had as many as 12,000 armed insurgents,[61] mostly based in the northeast along the Laotian border and receiving foreign support. By the 1980s, however, all insurgent activities had been defeated. In 1982 Prime MinisterPrem Tinsulanonda issued a general amnesty for all former communist insurgents.
With the Vietnameseinvasion of Cambodia in 1978, communist Vietnam had a combined force of about 300,000 in Laos and Cambodia. This posed a massive potential threat to the Thais, as they could no longer rely on Cambodia to act as abuffer state. Small encounters occasionally took place when Vietnamese forces crossed into Thailand in pursuit of fleeingKhmer Rouge troops. However, a full and official conflict was never declared, as neither country wanted it.
This was a small conflict over mountainous territory including three disputed villages on the border betweenSainyabuli Province in Laos andPhitsanulok Province in Thailand, whose ownership had been left unclear by the map drawn by the French some 80 years earlier. Caused by then-Army commanderChavalit Yongchaiyudh against the wishes of the government, the war ended with a stalemate and return tostatus quo ante bellum. The two nations suffered combined casualties of about 1,000.[62]
After theEast Timor crisis, Thailand, with 28 other nations, provided troops for theInternational Force for East Timor or INTERFET. Thailand also provided the force commander, Lieutenant General Winai Phattiyakul.[12] The force was based inDili and lasted from 25 October 1999 to 20 May 2002.
After thesuccessful US invasion of Iraq,Thai Humanitarian Assistance Task Force 976 Thai-Iraq Thailand contributed 423 non-combat troops in August 2003 to nation building and medical assistance inpost-Saddam Iraq.[63] The Thais could not leave their base inKarbala as their rules governing their participation restricted them to humanitarian assistance which could not be accomplished due to the insurgency during the Thai's tenure in Iraq.[64] Troops of the Royal Thai Army were attacked in the2003 Karbala bombings, which killed two soldiers and wounded five others.[65] However, the Thai mission in Iraq was considered an overall success, and Thailand withdrew its forces in August 2004. The mission is considered the main reason the United States decided to designate Thailand as amajor non-NATO ally in 2003.[13]
The ongoingsouthern insurgency had begun in response to Prime MinisterPlaek Phibunsongkhram's 1944 National Cultural Act, which replaced the use of Malaya in the region's schools with the Thai language and also abolished the local Islamic courts in the three ethnicMalay andMuslim majority border provinces ofYala,Pattani, andNarathiwat.[66][circular reference] However, it had always been on a comparatively small scale. The insurgency intensified in 2001, during the government of Prime MinisterThaksin Shinawatra. Terrorist attacks were now extended to the ethnic Thai minority in the provinces.[67] The Royal Thai Armed Forces also went beyond their orders and retaliated with strong armed tactics that only encouraged more violence.[68] By the end of 2012 the conflict had claimed 3,380 lives, including 2,316 civilians, 372 soldiers, 278 police, 250 suspected insurgents, 157 education officials, and seven Buddhist monks. Many of the dead were Muslims themselves, but they had been targeted because of their presumed support of the Thai government.[69]
Is an event that began in June 2008 over the border dispute with the Temple of Preah Vihear afterwards. There were many clashes between the two sides. Along with the claims of each party over the said dispute territory.
Thai soldiers joinedUNMIS in 2011.[70]
On 29 March 2016, in a move that theBangkok Post said will "...will inflict serious and long-term damage...", theNCPO, under a Section 44 order (NCPO Order 13/2559) signed by junta chiefPrayut Chan-o-cha, granted to commissioned officers of the Royal Thai Armed Forces broad police powers to suppress and arrest anyone they suspect of criminal activity without a warrant and detain them secretly at almost any location without charge for up to seven days. Bank accounts can be frozen, and documents and property can be seized. Travel can be banned. Automatic immunity for military personnel has been built into the order, and there is no independent oversight or recourse in the event of abuse. The order came into immediate effect. The net result is that the military will have more power than the police and less oversight.[71]
The government has stated that the purpose of this order is to enable military officers to render their assistance in an effort to "...suppress organized crimes such as extortion, human trafficking, child and labor abuses, gambling, prostitution, illegal tour guide services, price collusion, and firearms. It neither aims to stifle nor intimidate dissenting voices. Defendants in such cases will go through normal judicial process, with police as the main investigator...trial[s] will be conducted in civilian courts, not military ones. Moreover, this order does not deprive the right of the defendants to file complaints against military officers who have abused their power."[72]
The NCPO said that the reason for its latest order is that there are simply not enough police, in spite of the fact that there are about 230,000 officers in theRoyal Thai Police force. They make up about 17 percent of all non-military public servants. This amounts to 344 police officers for every for every 100,000 persons in Thailand, more than twice the ratio in Myanmar and the Philippines, one and a half times that of Japan and Indonesia and roughly the same proportion as the United States.[73]
In a joint statement released on 5 April 2016, six groups, includingHuman Rights Watch (HRW),Amnesty International, and theInternational Commission of Jurists (ICJ), condemned the move.[74]
TheAsia Sentinel in 2014 called the Thai military one of the most deeply corrupt militaries in Asia.[75] The Thai armed forces have a history of procurement scandals and dodgy dealings dating back to at least the 1980s.[75]
Thailand's defense spending has soared since 2006. Since then the military has seized control from civilian governments on two occasions. Defense spending has increased by US$1 billion since the latest coup in 2014.[79]
| Equipment[80] | Quantity | In Service | On Order |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main battle tank andlight tank | 788 | 788 | 200 |
| APCs,IFVs,ARVs,LCVs | 2620 | 2620 | 300 |
| Self-propelled artillery | 1072 | 1072 | 60 |
| Combatwarplanes | 183 | 179 | 0 |
| Transportwarplanes | 114 | 114 | 0 |
| Trainingwarplanes | 56 | 55 | 12 |
| Military helicopters | 282 | 282 | 25 |
| Aircraft carriers | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Warships | 17 | 17 | 2 LPD |
| Fast attack craft – missile (FAC-M)s | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Submarines | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Patrol boats | 127 | 127 | 2 |
In early January 2022, Thailand's cabinet backed a plan to buy four fighter jets starting in 2023 with 13.8 billion baht ($413.67 million) budgeted for the purchase over a 4 year period to replace some of the country's aging F-16 jets.[81]
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To build institutional solidarity and esprit de corps, each Thai service component has developed its own distinctive uniforms, ranking system, and insignia.[82] Many Thai military uniforms reflect historical foreign influences. For example, most of the distinctive service uniforms were patterned on those of the US, but lower ranking enlisted navy personnel wear uniforms resembling those of their French counterparts. The early influence of British advisers to the Thai royal court and the historical role of the military in royal pomp and ceremony contributed to the splendor of formal dress uniforms worn by high-ranking officers and guards of honour on ceremonial occasions.
The rank structures of the three armed services are similar to those of the respective branches of the US Armed Forces, although the Thai system has fewer NCO and warrant officer designations. The king, as head of state and constitutional head of the armed forces, commissions all officers. Appointments to NCO ranks are authorised by the minister of defence. In theory, the authority and responsibilities of officers of various ranks correspond to those of their US counterparts. However, because of a perennial surplus of senior officers—in 1987 there were some 600 generals and admirals in a total force of about 273,000—Thai staff positions are often held by officers of higher rank than would be the case in the US or other Western military establishments.
Thai military personnel are highly conscious of rank distinctions and of the duties, obligations, and benefits they entail. Relationships among officers of different grades and among officers, NCOs, and the enlisted ranks are governed by military tradition in a society where observance of differences in status are highly formalised. The social distance between officers and NCOs is widened by the fact that officers usually are college or military academy graduates, while most NCOs have not gone beyond secondary school. There is a wider gap between officers and conscripts, most of whom have even less formal education, service experience, or specialised training.
Formal honours and symbols of merit occupy an important place in Thai military tradition. The government grants numerous awards, and outstanding acts of heroism, courage, and meritorious service receive prompt recognition.
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Royal Thai Army[83] | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | ||||||||||||||
| จอมพล Chom phon | พลเอก Phon ek | พลโท Phon tho | พลตรี Phon tri | พันเอก Phan ek | พันโท Phan tho | พันตรี Phan tri | ร้อยเอก Roi ek | ร้อยโท Roi tho | ร้อยตรี Roi tri | |||||||||||||||
 Royal Thai Navy[83] | .svg)  | .svg)  | .svg)  | .svg)  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ||||||||||||||
| จอมพลเรือ Chom phon ruea | พลเรือเอก Phon ruea ek | พลเรือโท Phon ruea tho | พลเรือตรี Phon ruea tri | นาวาเอก Nawa ek | นาวาโท Nawa tho | นาวาตรี Nawa tri | เรือเอก Ruea ek | เรือโท Ruea tho | เรือตรี Ruea tri | |||||||||||||||
 Royal Thai Air Force[83] | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | ||||||||||||||
| จอมพลอากาศ Chom phon akat | พลอากาศเอก Phon akat ek | พลอากาศโท Phon akat tho | พลอากาศตรี Phon akat tri | นาวาอากาศเอก Nawa akat ek | นาวาอากาศโท Nawa akat tho | นาวาอากาศตรี Nawa akat tri | เรืออากาศเอก Ruea akat ek | เรืออากาศโท Ruea akat tho | เรืออากาศตรี Ruea akat tri | |||||||||||||||
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Royal Thai Army[83] | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | No insignia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| จ่าสิบเอก Cha sip ek | จ่าสิบโท Cha sip tho | จ่าสิบตรี Cha sip tri | สิบเอก Sip ek | สิบโท Sip tho | สิบตรี Sip tri | พลทหาร Phon thahan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Royal Thai Navy[83] | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | No insignia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| พันจ่าเอก Phan cha ek | พันจ่าโท Phan cha tho | พันจ่าตรี Phan cha tri | จ่าเอก Cha ek | จ่าโท Cha tho | จ่าตรี Cha tri | พลทหาร Phon thahan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Royal Thai Air Force[83] | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | .svg) | No insignia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| พันจ่าอากาศเอก Phan cha akat ek | พันจ่าอากาศโท Phan cha akat tho | พันจ่าอากาศตรี Phan cha akat tri | จ่าอากาศเอก Cha akat ek | จ่าอากาศโท Cha akat tho | จ่าอากาศตรี Cha akat tri | พลทหาร Phon thahan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_2013_in_Thailand_June_8_130608-N-RG360-224.jpg)
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain. Country Studies.Federal Research Division.
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