| Military William Order Militaire Willems-Orde | |
|---|---|
 Knight Military William Order 4th class medal (post 2000 model) | |
Awarded by King of the Netherlands | |
| Type | Chivalric order with four degrees |
| Established | 30 April 1815 |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Motto | Voor Moed, Beleid en Trouw (For Bravery, Leadership and Loyalty) |
| Awarded for | Performing acts of excellent Bravery, Leadership and Loyalty in battle. |
| Status | Currently constituted |
| Grand Master | King Willem-Alexander |
| Chancellor | Major general H. Morsink[1] |
| Grades | Knight Grand Cross Commander Knight 3rd class Knight 4th class Orange Lanyard (unit award) |
| Statistics | |
| First induction | William Frederick, Prince of Orange |
| Last induction |  MajorRoy de Ruiter |
| Total inductees | 5,877 |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | None (highest) |
| Next (lower) | Cross for Courage and Fidelity |
 Ribbon bar of Knight Grand Cross  Ribbon bar of Commander  Ribbon bar of Knight 3rd class  Ribbon bar of Knight 4th class | |
TheMilitary William Order, or often namedMilitary Order of William (Dutch:Militaire Willems-Orde,abbreviation: MWO), is the oldest and highesthonour of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is named after St.William of Gellone (755–814), the firstPrince of Orange.[2][3] Its motto isVoor Moed, Beleid en Trouw (For Bravery, Leadership and Loyalty). Thechivalric order was established on 30 April 1815 by KingWilliam I and was presented for feats of excellent bravery on the battlefield and as a meritorious decoration to senior military officers. Comparable with the FrenchLégion d’Honneur but far less often awarded, it is open to everyone regardless of rank or nobility—not only to Dutch military, but also to foreigners. To date, membership in the Order is extremely rarely awarded, and only for exceptional bravery in battle.
In the spring of 1940 it was decided that civilians would receive the Order for heroic acts in theresistance. After the liberation of the Netherlands and theDutch East Indies, several men and one woman from the resistance were awarded it.
Most knighthoods of the Military Order of William were awarded in 1815 and shortly afterwards to military of the Allies that foughtNapoleon at theBattle of Waterloo, in total 1,005 knighthoods were awarded at this time. The Knight Grand Cross was awarded to Prince William of Orange, theDuke of Wellington,Fürst Blücher von Wahlstatt, Graf vonBülow von Dennewitz and Graf vonGneisenau.[4]
During the 19th century the Order was awarded to military serving in the campaign against theBelgian Revolution and military serving in theDutch East Indies, mostly in theAceh War. Until 1940, a total of 5,874 persons had been awarded the Military Order of William. In 1940, the Order was awarded to soldiers who had served with extreme valour in the defence of the Netherlands from theinvasion by Nazi-Germany. In 1944 and 1945, with the liberation of the Netherlands from German occupation, the Order was again awarded, this time to Dutch citizens as well as members of theAllied forces for deeds of gallantry. Of the 3,500 servicemen who served in the Netherlands United Nations Detachment in theKorean War, three servicemen – two posthumously – were admitted to the Order. Since 1940, 199 names have been added to the register of the Military Order of William. The latest conflict that has been cause for the honour to be awarded was thewar in Afghanistan.
On 29 May 2009 a ceremony was held at which the knights met, at QueenBeatrix's bestowal of the knighthood (fourth class) of the Order onMarco Kroon, platoon commander with theKorps Commandotroepen, at the Binnenhof, in The Hague.[5] Kroon was honoured for conspicuous bravery, leadership, and devotion to duty during his service in Afghanistan from March to August 2006. The knights met on 4 December 2014 at KingWillem-Alexander's bestowal of the knighthood (fourth class) of the Order onGijs Tuinman, commander with the Korps Commandotroepen, at the Binnenhof, in The Hague. The knights met on 31 August 2018 at KingWillem-Alexander's bestowal of the knighthood (fourth class) of the Order onRoy de Ruiter, (reserve-) Major,Royal Netherlands Air Force.[6] Maj.Kenneth Mayhew, 101 at the time, was unable to attend the ceremony on 31 August 2018, which he explained in an interview broadcast on Dutch national television during the ceremony.[7]
By 1945, the following classes of the Military William Order were in existence.
The rank of Knight Grand Cross could also be awarded as an exceptional presentation to heads of state which had displayed feats of loyalty to the Netherlands during wartime. Only the US PresidentFranklin Delano Roosevelt, theEthiopian EmperorHaile Selassie, and the British KingGeorge VI were conferred such an honour in the 20th century. In the 19th century, the Knight Grand Cross was often conferred on foreign monarchs as a mere mark of respect.
The 4th class could also be awarded as a unit presentation to military commands which had displayed feats of gallantry during wartime.
| Knight Grand Cross (badge with sash and accompanying star) | Commander (badge with necklet and breast cross) | Knight 3rd class (badge with ribbon) | Knight 4th class (badge with ribbon) |
|---|---|---|---|
  |  |  |  |
The badge of the Order is a white-enamelledMaltese Cross, in silver for the 4th class and ingilt for higher classes; a green enamelled Burgundy Cross appears between the arms of the Maltese Cross. The obverse bears a goldenfiresteel at the centre, and the mottoVoor Moed – Beleid – Trouw (For Bravery – Leadership – Loyalty) on the arms of the Maltese Cross. Both the Burgundy Cross and the firesteel were symbols of theHouse of Valois-Burgundy during their lordship of the Netherlands and probably are meant to recall its crucial unifying role in the history of the Netherlands. The reverse central disc bears a crowned monogram "W" (forKing William I) surrounded by a laurel wreath. The badge hangs from a royal crown.
The star of the Knight Grand Cross is a silver, 8-pointed star with straight rays; the obverse of the badge of the Order, minus the crown, appears at its centre.
The breast cross of the Commander is completely identical to the obverse of the badge of the Order.
The ribbon of the Order is orange (House of Orange-Nassau) with blue (Nassau-blue) stripes near the border.
The oath to be taken by the accolade to the Military Order of William states: "I swear that I shall conduct myself as a faithful and valiant Knight, to stand ever ready to defend King and Country with my Life, and with all my Powers to always strive to be worthy of this Distinction, which the King has bestowed upon me. So help me God almighty."
To be awarded the Military William Order a military unit must distinguish itself in battle to such a degree as would warrant the personal presentation of the Military William Order. The unit'sRegimental Colour are decorated with the badge of the 4th class itself, which hangs from thefinial of the pike. The version of the Military William Order for unit members is known as theOrange Lanyard. Only those who served in a military unit at the particular time of action are entitled to wear the Orange Lanyard.
The OrangeLanyard is worn as a cord around the right shoulder and can be worn simultaneously with the French or BelgianFourragère of the Croix de Guerre. The Orange Lanyard is considered a permanent decoration and is worn for the duration of a military member's career.
Themilitary units orformations that were awarded the Military William Order or continue their traditions are:
Most military units or formations of the Netherlands and foreign armed forces were decorated as a consequence of their actions during the Second World War. In 2016 the Korps Commandotroepen were awarded the Military William Order for their actions in Afghanistan.
As of 2024[update], there are only three living knights of the Military Order of William, allDutch.[9] Below a list of the names of the living Knights, with the date of their induction in parentheses:
Netherlands: Maj.Marco Kroon (29 May 2009) Netherlands: Lt. Col.Gijs Tuinman (4 December 2014) Netherlands: Maj.Roy de Ruiter (31 August 2018)Members of the Military William Order are awarded certain privileges:
Media related toMilitaire Willems-Orde at Wikimedia Commons
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