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Midrash Samuel (Hebrew:מדרש שמואל) is anaggadic midrash on thebooks of Samuel.

It is first quoted byRashi, who calls it by several names: "Midrash Shmuel",^[1] "Aggadat Midrash Shmuel",^[2] "Aggadah deShmuel",^[3] and "Midrash 'Et la-'Asot la-Adonai"^[4] - the last name probably derived fromPsalms 119:126, with which the midrash begins. It is also called "Aggadat Shmu'el".^[5] The name "Shocher Tov" has been erroneously given to it,^[6] the error is because in the Venice edition of 1546 the midrash was printed together withMidrash Tehillim, whose title "Shocher Tov" was taken to refer to both works.

The midrash is divided into 32 chapters. Chapters 1-24 coverI Samuel, and chapters 25-32 coverII Samuel.

The midrash containsaggadic interpretations and homilies on thebooks of Samuel, each homily being prefaced and introduced by a verse taken from some other book of the Bible. It resembles most of the otheraggadic midrashim in diction and in style; in fact, it is a collection of teachings found in such midrashim and referring to the books of Samuel. The editor arranged the teachings in the sequence of the Scripture passages to which they refer. The midrash, however, does not entirely cover the Biblical books; but as it contains all the passages quoted from it by other authorities, it may be assumed that (with two exceptions added by later copyists: chapter 4:1^[7] and chapter 32:3 et seq.^[8]) it never contained any more than it does now, and that its present form is that into which it was cast by its compiler.

The author has collected these teachings from theMishnah,Tosefta,Mekhilta,Sifre,Yerushalmi,Bereshit Rabbah,Leviticus Rabbah,Shir ha-Shirim Rabbah,Kohelet Rabbah,Eichah Rabbah,Ruth Rabbah,Midrash Esther,Midrash Tehillim,Pesikta de-Rav Kahana,Pesikta Rabbati, andTanhuma. Only once^[9] does he quote a teaching fromTalmud Bavli (Eruvin 64a), which he introduces with the words "Taman amrin" (They say there).^[10] This, as well as the fact that all theamoraim mentioned in this midrash lived in theLand of Israel, justifies the assumption that its compiler lived there as well. His name and the time at which he lived can not be definitely determined.Zunz assigns him to the first half of the 11th century, although the reasons which he gives for this assumption have been refuted byS. Buber.^[11]Strack & Stemberger (1991) indicate that the work was composed much earlier than the 11th century (although later revised), since it is cited bySamuel ben Hofni,Nissim Gaon, and other early sources.

A manuscript of this midrash is in the Parma Library.^[12] The first printed edition appeared atConstantinople in 1517.^[13][14] In 1546 it was printed again inVenice, and subsequently at various places and times. An 1893 edition was produced by Solomon Buber, with introduction and notes (Cracow). In 2009 theSchechter Institute of Jewish Studies inJerusalem published a new critical edition inHebrew, "based on the first edition with a thorough historical introduction, variant readings and a scientific commentary."^[15]

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906)."MIDRASH TO SAMUEL".The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.. TheJE cites the following works:
  • Zunz, G. V. pp. 269–270;
  • Weiss, Dor, iii. 276;
  • S. Buber, preface to his edition of the midrash.
• Strack, H.L.; Stemberger, G. (1991),Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash,Edinburgh: T&T Clark,ISBN 978-0-8006-2524-5

• Aggadic Midrashim
• Books of Samuel

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