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Microbivory

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Microbivory (adj. microbivorous, microbivore^[1]) is a feeding behavior consisting of eatingmicrobes (especiallybacteria) practiced by animals of themesofauna,microfauna andmeiofauna.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Microbivorous animals include some soilnematodes,^[5]^[6]^[7]springtails orflies such asDrosophila sharpi. A well known example of microbivorous nematodes is the model roundwormCaenorhabditis elegans which is maintained in culture in labs on agar plates, fed with the 'OP50'Escherichia coli strain of bacteria.

In food webs ofecosystems, microbivores can be distinguished fromdetritivores, generally thought playing the roles of decomposers, as they don't consume decaying dead matter but only living microorganisms.

Use of term in robotics

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There is also use of the term 'microbivore' to qualify the concept ofrobots autonomously finding their energy in the production of bacteria.Robert Freitas has also proposed microbivore robots that would attack pathogens in the manner of white blood cells.^[8]

References

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^Effects of microbivore species composition and basal resource enrichment on trophic-level biomasses in an experimental microbial-based soil food web. J Mikola, Oecologia, 1998
^Rates of metazoan meiofaunal microbivory: a review. PA Montagna, Vie et Milieu, 1995
^Energetics of detritivory and microbivory in soil in theory and practice. DC Coleman, Food Webs, 1996
^Radioisotope technique to quantify in situ microbivory by meiofauna in sediments. PA Montagna, Handbook of methods in aquatic microbial ecology …, 1993
^Life cycle of the microbivorous Antarctic Dry Valley nematode Scottnema lindsayae (Timm 1971). A Overhoff, DW Freckman, RA Virginia - Polar Biology, 1993
^Organic and inorganic nitrogenous losses by microbivorous nematodes in soil. RV Anderson, WD Gould, LE Woods, C Cambardella… - Oikos, 1983
^Uncoupling of carbon and nitrogen mineralization: role of microbivorous nematodes. MC Savin, JH Görres, DA Neher, JA Amador - Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001
^Robert A. Freitas Jr.,Microbivores: Artificial Mechanical Phagocytes using Digest and Discharge Protocol, self-published, 2001[1]

v t e Inter-speciesbiological interactions
Amensalism Commensalism Competition Deception in animals Tactical Inquilinism Mimicry Mutualism Neutralism Synnecrosis Parasitism Behavior-altering parasite Brood parasitism Host–parasite coevolution Hyperparasite Kleptoparasitism Parasitic castration Parasitoid Predation Carnivore Intraguild Symbiosis Cleaning symbiosis Mycorrhiza

Feeding behaviours

Carnivores

adult	Avivore Egg predation Entomophagy Hematophagy Insectivore Lepidophagy Man-eating animal Molluscivore Mucophagy Myrmecophagy Ophiophagy Piscivore Spongivore Vermivore
reproductive	Oophagy Paedophagy Placentophagy Breastfeeding Weaning
cannibalistic	Human cannibalism Autocannibalism Sexual cannibalism

Herbivores

Cellular

Others

Methods

v t e Ecology:Modelling ecosystems:Trophic components
General	Abiotic component Abiotic stress Behaviour Biogeochemical cycle Biomass Biotic component Biotic stress Carrying capacity Competition Ecosystem Ecosystem ecology Ecosystem model Green world hypothesis Keystone species List of feeding behaviours Metabolic theory of ecology Productivity Resource Restoration
Producers	Autotrophs Chemosynthesis Chemotrophs Foundation species Kinetotrophs Mixotrophs Myco-heterotrophy Mycotroph Organotrophs Photoheterotrophs Photosynthesis Photosynthetic efficiency Phototrophs Primary nutritional groups Primary production
Consumers	Apex predator Bacterivore Carnivores Chemoorganotroph Foraging Generalist and specialist species Intraguild predation Herbivores Heterotroph Heterotrophic nutrition Insectivore Mesopredators Mesopredator release hypothesis Omnivores Optimal foraging theory Planktivore Predation Prey switching
Decomposers	Chemoorganoheterotrophy Decomposition Detritivores Detritus
Microorganisms	Archaea Bacteriophage Lithoautotroph Lithotrophy Marine Microbial cooperation Microbial ecology Microbial food web Microbial intelligence Microbial loop Microbial mat Microbial metabolism Phage ecology
Food webs	Biomagnification Ecological efficiency Ecological pyramid Energy flow Food chain Trophic level
Example webs	Lakes Rivers Soil Tritrophic interactions in plant defense Marine food webs cold seeps hydrothermal vents intertidal kelp forests North Pacific Gyre San Francisco Estuary tide pool
Processes	Ascendency Bioaccumulation Cascade effect Climax community Competitive exclusion principle Consumer–resource interactions Copiotrophs Dominance Ecological network Ecological succession Energy quality Energy systems language f-ratio Feed conversion ratio Feeding frenzy Mesotrophic soil Nutrient cycle Oligotroph Paradox of the plankton Trophic cascade Trophic mutualism Trophic state index
Defense, counter	Animal coloration Anti-predator adaptations Camouflage Deimatic behaviour Herbivore adaptations to plant defense Mimicry Plant defense against herbivory Predator avoidance in schooling fish

v t e Ecology:Modelling ecosystems: Other components
Population ecology	Abundance Allee effect Consumer-resource model Depensation Ecological yield Effective population size Intraspecific competition Logistic function Malthusian growth model Maximum sustainable yield Overpopulation Overexploitation Population cycle Population dynamics Population modeling Population size Predator–prey (Lotka–Volterra) equations Recruitment Small population size Stability Resilience Resistance Random generalized Lotka–Volterra model
Species	Biodiversity Density-dependent inhibition Ecological effects of biodiversity Ecological extinction Endemic species Flagship species Gradient analysis Indicator species Introduced species Invasive species /Native species Latitudinal gradients in species diversity Minimum viable population Neutral theory Occupancy–abundance relationship Population viability analysis Priority effect Rapoport's rule Relative abundance distribution Relative species abundance Species diversity Species homogeneity Species richness Species distribution Species–area curve Umbrella species
Species interaction	Antibiosis Biological interaction Commensalism Community ecology Ecological facilitation Interspecific competition Mutualism Parasitism Storage effect Symbiosis
Spatial ecology	Biogeography Cross-boundary subsidy Ecocline Ecotone Ecotype Disturbance Edge effects Foster's rule Habitat fragmentation Ideal free distribution Intermediate disturbance hypothesis Insular biogeography Land change modeling Landscape ecology Landscape epidemiology Landscape limnology Metapopulation Patch dynamics r/K selection theory Resource selection function Source–sink dynamics
Niche	Ecological trap Ecosystem engineer Environmental niche modelling Guild Habitat Marine Semiaquatic Terrestrial Limiting similarity Niche apportionment models Niche construction Niche differentiation Ontogenetic niche shift
Other networks	Assembly rules Bateman's principle Bioluminescence Ecological collapse Ecological debt Ecological deficit Ecological energetics Ecological indicator Ecological threshold Ecosystem diversity Emergence Extinction debt Kleiber's law Liebig's law of the minimum Marginal value theorem Thorson's rule Xerosere
Other	Allometry Alternative stable state Balance of nature Biological data visualization Ecological economics Ecological footprint Ecological forecasting Ecological humanities Ecological stoichiometry Ecopath Ecosystem based fisheries Endolith Evolutionary ecology Functional ecology Industrial ecology Macroecology Microecosystem Natural environment Regime shift Sexecology Systems ecology Urban ecology Theoretical ecology
Outline of ecology