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Meyer–Wempe

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
System of the romanisation of Cantonese
Transliteration of Chinese
Mandarin
Wu
Yue
Min
Gan
Hakka
Xiang
Polylectal
See also

Meyer–Wemperomanization was the system used by twoRoman Catholicmissionaries inHong Kong,Bernard F. Meyer andTheodore F. Wempe, for romanizingCantonese in theirStudent's Cantonese English Dictionary published in 1935.[1]

Provenance

[edit]

Although some[2] attribute development of the system to them, there was nothing new in it[1]: Explanatory Notes  as their entire schema followed the system devised in the last decade of the 19th century known asStandard Romanization (SR), which, in turn, was almost identical to John Chalmers' system of 1870.[3] Chalmers' system was significant in that it was the first system to virtually do away with diacritics entirely, the sole survivor being his final ö, which is eu in the Standard Romanization while being in this one oeh.

Initials

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p
[p]
p'
[pʰ]
m
[m]
f
[f]
t
[t]
t'
[tʰ]
n
[n]
l
[l]
k
[k]
k'
[kʰ]
ng
[ŋ]
h
[h]
kw
[kw]
k'w
[kʰw]
oo, w
[w]
ts
[ts]
ts'
[tsʰ]
s
[s]
i, y
[j]
ch
[tɕ]
ch'
[tɕʰ]
sh
[ɕ]

The distinction between thealveolarsibilants ([ts],[tsʰ], and[s]) andalveolo-palatal sibilants ([tɕ],[tɕʰ], and[ɕ]) has been lost in modern Cantonese, though the distinction still existed at the time this system was devised. SeeCantonese phonology for more information.

Finals

[edit]
a
[aː]
aai
[aːi]
aau
[aːu]
aam
[aːm]
aan
[aːn]
aang
[aːŋ]
aap
[aːp]
aat
[aːt]
aak
[aːk]
 ai
[ɐi]
au
[ɐu]
am, om
[ɐm]
an
[ɐn]
ang
[ɐŋ]
ap, op
[ɐp]
at
[ɐt]
ak
[ɐk]
e
[ɛː]
ei
[ei]
   eng
[ɛːŋ]
  ek
[ɛːk]
i
[iː]
 iu
[iːu]
im
[iːm]
in
[iːn]
ing
[eŋ]
ip
[iːp]
it
[iːt]
ik
[ek]
oh
[ɔː]
oi
[ɔːy]
o
[ou]
 on
[ɔːn]
ong
[ɔːŋ]
 ot
[ɔːt]
ok
[ɔːk]
oo
[uː]
ooi
[uːy]
  oon
[uːn]
ung
[oŋ]
 oot
[uːt]
uk
[ok]
oeh
[œː]
ui
[ɵy]
  un
[ɵn]
eung
[œːŋ]
 ut
[ɵt]
euk
[œːk]
ue
[yː]
   uen
[yːn]
  uet
[yːt]
 
   m
[m̩]
 ng
[ŋ̩]
   

The finalsm andng can only be used as standalonenasal syllables.

Tones

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Diacritics are used to mark the sixtones of Cantonese.[4] The tone mark should be placed above the first letter of the final.

No.DescriptionContourTone markExample
1high flat/high falling55 / 53No markma
2high rising35Acute accent ( ´ )
3mid flat33Grave accent ( ` )
4low falling21Circumflex ( ˆ )
5low rising23Breve ( ˘ )
6low flat22Macron( ¯ )

References

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  1. ^abMeyer, Bernard F; Wempe, Theodore F (1935).The Student's Cantonese-English Dictionary. Hong Kong:St Louis Industrial School.
  2. ^English-Cantonese Dictionary, Cantonese in Yale Romanization. Hong Kong: New-Asia-Yale-in-China Chinese Language Center, Chinese University of Hong Kong. 1991. p. 8.ISBN 9627141186.
  3. ^Kataoka, Shin; Lee, Cream (2008). "A System without a System: Cantonese Romanization Used in Hong Kong Place and Personal Names".Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics: 82.
  4. ^Huang, Parker; Kok, Gerard P. (1973).Speak Cantonese - Book 1 3rd Edition. Far Eastern Publications, Yale University. p. 15.ISBN 978-0887100949.
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