Meleager of Gadara (Ancient Greek:ΜελέαγροςMeleagros; fl. 1st century BC) was a poet and collector ofepigrams. He wrote somesatirical prose, now lost, and some sensualpoetry, of which 134 epigrams survive.
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Meleager was the son of Eucrates, born in the city ofGadara, nowUmm Qais inJordan, then part of the Hasmonian Kingdom,[1] which was then a partially Hellenized community noted for its "remarkable contribution toGreek culture".[2] He was educated inTyre and spent his later life inCos where he died at an advanced age, perhaps at 70. According to short autobiographical poems he wrote, Meleager was proud of his hometown and identified himself ascosmopolitan, being both "Attic" (i.e.Hellenistic) andSyrian, and also praised Tyre for having "made [him] a man" and Cos for taking "care of [him] in [his] old age".[3][4]
Thescholiast to the Palatine manuscript of theGreek Anthology says he flourished in the reign ofSeleucus VI Epiphanes (95 – 93 BC). The uppermost date of his compilation of the Anthology is 60 BC, as it did not includePhilodemus of Gadara, though later editors added thirty-four epigrams.
Some writers classed him among theCynics,[5] and according to historianBenjamin Isaac Meleager's belief that "all men are equal and compatriots" strengthens this view, as some Cynics already held such a world view possibly as early as the 5th century BC.[6] Like his compatriotMenippus, Meleager wrote what were known asspoudogeloia (Greek singular:σπουδογέλοιος), satirical prose essays putting philosophy in popular form with humorous illustrations. These are completely lost. Meleager's fame is securely founded on the one hundred and thirty-four epigrams of his own which he included in his Anthology. The manuscripts of theGreek Anthology are the sole source of these epigrams.[7]
Meleager is famous for his anthology of poetry entitledThe Garland (Greek:Στέφανος).Polemon of Ilium and others had created collections of monumental inscriptions, or of poems on particular subjects earlier, but Meleager first did so comprehensively. He collected epigrams by 46 Greek poets, from every lyric period up to his own. His title referred to the commonplace comparison of small beautiful poems to flowers, and in the introduction to his work, he attached the names of various flowers, shrubs, and herbs—as emblems—to the names of the several poets.[8] TheGarland itself has survived only as one of the original constituent roots to theGreek Anthology.
Meleager's poetry is concerned with personal experience and emotions, frequently with love and its discontents. He typically describes himself not as an active and engaged lover, but as one struck by the beauty of a woman or boy. The following is an example:
The wine-cup is glad: dear Zenophilè’s lip
It boasts to have touched, when she stooped down to sip.
Happy wine-cup! I wish that, with lips joined to mine,
All my soul at a draught she would drink up like wine.[9]
