Mayrouba ميروبا | |
|---|---|
Municipality | |
  Mayrouba Location in Lebanon | |
| Coordinates:34°00′41″N35°46′10″E / 34.01139°N 35.76944°E /34.01139; 35.76944 | |
| Country |  Lebanon |
| Governorate | Keserwan-Jbeil |
| District | Keserwan |
| Area | |
• Total | 8.23 km2 (3.18 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,300 m (4,300 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Mayrouba (Arabic:ميروبا; also spelledMeyrouba orMairouba) is a village and municipality in theKeserwan District of theKeserwan-Jbeil Governorate inLebanon.[1] Its average elevation is 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) above sea level and its total land area is 823hectares.[2] Mayrouba's inhabitants are almost predominantlyMaronite Catholic. As of 2008, the village had a school with 50 pupils and seven businesses with over five employees.[2]
There are severalStone Age archaeological sites in the vicinity that have defined the location as the type site of theMayroubian culture.[3][4]
| Alternative name | Ain-bou-Grasse (Mayrouba III), Ain Berdet (Mayrouba V), "Site Tixier" (Mayrouba VI) |
|---|---|
| History | |
| Periods | Upper Paleolithic |
| Cultures | Mayroubian |
| Site notes | |
| Excavation dates | 1962 |
| Archaeologists | Paulist Fathers, Nasrallah, P. H. Gigues, Burkhalter, Fattal,Auguste Bergy,Maurice Tallon,Henri Fleisch,Francis Hours |
| Condition | Ruins |
| Public access | Yes |
Mayrouba I is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) east northeast ofJunie by the way toFaraya. It is a large site on top of aplateau to the north of the village situated insandstone at an altitude of approximately 1,400 metres (4,600 ft). It was discovered byPaulist Fathers fromHarissa. Collections were made from the site by P.R. Gigues and variousJesuits includingMaurice Tallon,Auguste Bergy,Francis Hours andHenri Fleisch. Fleisch admitted that it was not the best choice for atype site due to the possibility of mixed industries however he published it as a transitional site with successive occupations between peoples of theMiddle Paleolithic andUpper Paleolithic.[5]
Finds of predominantly blue-greyUpper Jurassic flints included an emphasizedUpper Paleolithic element with finds of two Emireh points byLorraine Copeland and R. Khawam in 1965. Artefacts included numerous burins, end scrapers, thick blades, steep scrapers, bladelet cores, tortoise cores, discoid cores, point cores and miniature flake cores. Collections from the site have been dispersed but a large number have been retained bySaint Joseph University.[4]
Mayrouba II is 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of Mayrouba found byFrancis Hours and determined as aMayroubian site in a wooded, uncultivated area onsandstone at an altitude of approximately 1,460 metres (4,790 ft).[4]
Mayrouba III (Ain-bou-Grasse) is on the other side of the crest of a hill from Mayrouba I in a wooded area at an altitude of approximately 1,460 metres (4,790 ft). It was found byFrancis Hours in 1964 and determined as a Mayroubian site and lies undisturbed amongstpines.[4]
Mayrouba IV is on a small plateau north of the road betweenJebel Mazloum and Mayrouba, east of a track leading to Ain-bou-Grasse, 100 metres (330 ft) west of Mayrouba I. It was found byFrancis Hours in 1964 and determined as a Mayroubian site. A collection was made by Hours,Jacques Tixier andLorraine Copeland in 1965 of mostly cores and burins but including an Emireh point. It lies undisturbed amongst screes.[4]
Mayrouba V (Ain Berdet) is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northwest of Mayrouba at an altitude of approximately 1,293 metres (4,242 ft) on the slopes of a wooded hill. It was found by Francis Hours in 1964, determined as a Mayroubian site and lies undisturbed.[4]
Mayrouba VI ("Site Tixier") is 100 metres (330 ft) south of Mayrouba I in a wood sloping towards the road to Mayrouba. It was found undisturbed in 1965 byFrancis Hours, Jacques Tixier andLorraine Copeland. The tools found indicated it to be a Mayroubian site and included an Emireh point, they are held by theMuseum of Lebanese Prehistory.[4]
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