Mata Sahib Devan | |
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ਮਾਤਾ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇਵਾਂ | |
 Depiction of Guru Gobind Singh with his three wives (including Mata Sahib Devan; seated left-most in the group of three) and children from a manuscript by Miha Singh of Kashmir dated to between 1839–1843. | |
| Pronunciation | mātā sāhiba dīvāna |
| Born | Sahib Devan Bassi 1 November 1681 |
| Died | 1747 |
| Other names | Sahib Devi |
| Spouse | Guru Gobind Singh |
| Parents |
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| Signature | |
_from_a_hukamnama_(edict)_dated_to_7_December_1730_addressed_to_all_the_Khalsa_congregation_of_Patan_Shaikh_Fareed.jpg) | |
Mata Sahib Devan (1 November 1681 – 1747,Punjabi:ਮਾਤਾ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇਵਾਂ), also known asMata Sahib Kaur andMata Sahib Devi, was a wife ofGuru Gobind Singh.[1][2]
She was the daughter of Har Bhagwan Devan (aliasRamu), a Bassi Khatri of Rohtas,Jhelum District.[3][4] Mata Sahib Devan was born on 1 November 1681 at Rohtas. She was offered to be a bride of Guru Gobind Singh by her father Bhai Rama, a devout Nanak Naam Leva Sikh, and the nuptials took place on 15 April 1700 at Anandpur.[2] In her childhood she was called Sahib Devi by her parents.[5]
When the proposal was brought for discussion to Anandpur, the Guru at first refused, as he was married already and had four sons. The Sangat and the Guru's family agreed to the marriage, but Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Guru made it clear that his relationship with Mata Sahib Devan would be of a spiritual nature and not physical.[2]
The Guru proclaimed her to be theMother of the Khalsa and since then novitiates have been declared to be the sons and daughters ofGuru Gobind Singh and Mātā Sāhib Devāṅ.[2]
In 1704, when the family ofGuru Gobind Singh was forced to break up during theBattle of Sarsa, Mata Sundari andMata Sahib Kaur dressed like ordinary village women and headed toward Ambala, hoping to find shelter, Nand Lal escorted them to Delhi using his good connections with powerful nobles, he protected them fromWazir Khan, the Mughal governor ofSirhind.[6][7]
Mata Sahib Devan died in 1747 at the age of 66 and was cremated at Gurdwara Bala Sahib, New Delhi. Her memorial stands close to the one commemoratingMata Sundari.[2]
There are different views among Sikh historians on her presence during this event. According to Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha in theMahan Kosh, Mata Sahib Devan was present during the creation of Khalsa Panth and participated in making Pahul by adding sugar wafers[8] but theTwarikh Guru Khalsa refutes this claim.[9] The Twarikh states that Guru Gobind Singh's first wife, Mata Jito, put sugar wafers in the Pahul and that Mata Sahib Devan was not married to Guru Gobind Singh at that time.[9]
She is mother of whole Khalsa Panth, when a Sikh becomes amritdhari (baptized), Guru Gobind Singh is their father and Mata Sahib kaur is their mother.[10][11]
Supreme Motherhood: The Journey of Mata Sahib Kaur, a 2022 animated film by Nihal Nihal Nihal Productions andZee Studios, depicts the life of Mata Sahib Kaur, from a young girl to becoming the "Mother of theKhalsa".[citation needed]
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