Marion Crawford | |
|---|---|
| Born | Marion Kirk Crawford (1909-06-05)5 June 1909 Gatehead, East Ayrshire, Scotland |
| Died | 11 February 1988(1988-02-11) (aged 78) Aberdeen, Scotland |
| Known for | Governess toPrincess Margaret and Princess Elizabeth, the futureQueen Elizabeth II |
| Spouse | |
Marion Kirk ButhlayCVO (néeCrawford; 5 June 1909 – 11 February 1988) was a Scottish educator andgoverness toPrincess Margaret and Princess Elizabeth (the futureQueen Elizabeth II). Known then by her maiden name, Elizabeth and Margaret affectionately called herCrawfie. Crawford worked for the Royal Family from 1933 to 1949. Upon her departure, she agreed to authorThe Little Princesses, a book which told the story of her time with the family.[1][2] Though given tentative approval by the royal family to publish anonymously, Crawford was completely ostracised by them after her writing appeared under her name; she leftNottingham Cottage, hergrace and favour house, and no member of the family ever spoke to her again.[3][4]
Crawford was born the daughter of a mechanical engineer's clerk, atGatehead, East Ayrshire, on 5 June 1909.[5][6] She was raised inDunfermline,Fife, and taught at Edinburgh'sMoray House Institute.[7] While studying to become a child psychologist, she took a summer job as the governess forLord Elgin's children. This led her to take a role in the household of the Duke and Duchess of York (laterKing George VI andQueen Elizabeth), as the Duchess was a distant relative of Lord Elgin. After one year the arrangement was made permanent.
Crawford became one of the governesses ofPrincess Elizabeth andPrincess Margaret. Following the abdication ofKing Edward VIII in 1936, the Duke of York ascended the throne as King George VI, and Elizabeth became theheir presumptive. Crawford remained in service to the King and Queen, and did not retire until Princess Elizabeth's marriage in 1947, Crawford herself had married two months earlier. Crawford had already delayed her own marriage for 16 years so as not to, as she saw it, abandon the King and Queen.[8]
Upon her retirement in 1948, Crawford was givenNottingham Cottage in the grounds ofKensington Palace, as agrace and favour home.Queen Mary, the princesses' grandmother, also provided it with antique furniture and flower prints as a mark of her appreciation.[9]
After their wedding, Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh conducted an overseas tour, visiting Canada and the United States of America. Shortly afterwards,Bruce and Beatrice Gould, editors of the large circulation American magazineLadies' Home Journal, contactedBuckingham Palace and theForeign and Commonwealth Office to seek stories for publication across the Atlantic. Although the approach was refused by the Palace, the British government proved keen on the idea and suggested Marion Crawford, as the recently retired governess of the princesses.[10]
In April 1949, having heard of the offer,Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother wrote to Crawford, saying:
I do feel, most definitely, that you should not write and sign articles about the children, as people in positions of confidence with us must be utterly oyster. If you, the moment you finished teaching Margaret, started writing about her and Lilibet, well, we should never feel confidence in anyone again.
However, the Queen did give a carefully qualified approval for her to anonymously provide some assistance, writing:
Mr [Dermot] Morrah (the man chosen to write the articles), who I saw the other day, seemed to think that you could help him with his articles and get paid from America. This would be quite all right as long as your name did not come into it. Nevertheless, I do feel most strongly that you must resist the allure of American money and persistent editors and say No No No to offers of dollars for articles about something as private and as precious as our family.[6]
However, the contract with the Goulds stipulated: "You will further consider publication of the articles without Her Majesty's consent (possibly with only the consent of Princess Elizabeth, or no consent) and under your own name, on terms to be arranged."[6]
In October 1949,Lady Astor sent a copy of the manuscript from the Goulds to Queen Elizabeth for her approval. The Queen was deeply distressed, finding it shockingly frank, especially Crawford's revelations of the King's moods and the Queen's chilly relationship withWallis Simpson. She replied to Lady Astor saying: "The governess has gone off her head", and had her private secretary send a further letter to Lady Astor. This contained the Queen's annotations on the manuscript with the request that passages of particular concern be removed. The Goulds were taken aback as they considered the account sympathetic, but they kept the response from Crawford.[9] As the first servant to cash in on the private lives of the royals, Crawford was ostracised by the royal family,[11][10] and they never spoke to her again.[6] So deep was the feeling of betrayal within the royal family that, for years afterward, servants who spoke publicly for money were said to be "doing a Crawfie".[4]
Crawford's unauthorised work was published inWoman's Own in the UK and in theLadies' Home Journal in the United States, becoming a sensation on both sides of the Atlantic. A book,The Little Princesses, also sold exceptionally well. Later she wrote stories aboutQueen Mary, Queen Elizabeth and Princess Margaret. She also put her name toWoman's Own's "Crawfie's Column", a social diary written by journalists several weeks in advance. In 1955, one column contained a reference to theTrooping the Colour ceremony and theAscot races, when in fact they had been cancelled that year because of a national railway strikes. As the stories were written in advance, it was too late to stop their publication, and the truth behind the column was unspooled, leading to her public disgrace.[4]
Courtiers believed that Crawford was deeply under the influence of her husband George Buthlay, whom she married after her retirement, and that he pressured her to capitalise on her royal connections, as he himself did. Buthlay boasted of it in his business transactions, and had her ask the royal family to change their bank account toDrummonds, the bank for which he worked.[9]
Crawford retired toAberdeen, buying a house 200 yards (180 m) from the road to Balmoral; she completely withdrew from public life and refused all media requests.[4] Although the royal family regularly drove past her front door on their way toBalmoral Castle, they never visited. When her husband died in 1977, she descended into depression and attempted suicide, leaving a note saying: "The world has passed me by and I can't bear those I love to pass me by on the road."[6]
Crawford died at Hawkhill House (a nursing home in Aberdeen) on 11 February 1988.[4] Neither the Queen, the Queen Mother nor Princess Margaret sent a wreath to her funeral.[6]
Her story was featured in a 2000Channel 4 documentaryThe Nanny Who Wouldn't Keep Mum.[10]
In 2021, Crawford was the focus of a novel by Tessa Arlen,In Royal Service to the Queen: A Novel of the Queen's Governess. ISBN 978-0593102480.[12][13]
